Ahl Al-Bait Jurnal

The subject of citizenship and good governance has recently become increasingly important, given the successive events and rapid developments in the contemporary world, which have been marked by deepening crises and diverse challenges, politically, economically, socially, religiously, intellectually and culturally. Imam Ali's thought "peace be upon him" is a lightened road for those who aim to achieve that end. The one who follows his rule, judgments, and his sayings finds them rich and iconic, which reinforces the rights of the homeland and citizens at every time and place in all fields and at all levels, which finally establishes good governance.

This research seeks to shed light on the principle of transparency as one of the most important means adopted by States in confronting tyranny and corruption, and their destruction subsequent, especially after the emergence of a modern constitutional trend adopts this principle, either on the level of constitutional principles and freedoms or the level of structure and work of the constitutional authorities.
In this regard, the problem of research is dealing the decline of academic interest in the issue of transparency at the level of purely administrative sciences, and its relative departure from interesting in this issue from a constitutional perspective.
BY Using a comparative analytical methodology that examined the constitutions of (Kenya, Tunisia, and Iraq) the research was divided into two major topics; the first topic was: Transparency. The second topic was entitled \\"The Constitutional Employment of the Principle of Transparency\\". God grants success.

It is understood that civil liability in the general rules is in terms of language and liability, and legally it is to compensate the damage caused by others by its harmful action, and this applies to the private security companies, when they carry out their work and activities, it is almost without serious indications may The society is affected by others, because security and security is the private sector, and therefore subject to the law of supply and demand, which leads to the deviation of some private security companies during the exercise of their activities on the usual behavior, especially as these companies bear arms, and may The use of legal protection granted to it under CPA Order No. (17) of 2014 (Abolition) has been legally covered, and it has (2) The conduct of acts of a harmful nature, which led to the face of many obstacles in obtaining compensation for the families of the victims, and continued legal status until the issuance of Law No. (52) for the year 2017 named (Iraqi private security companies), which abolished the legal protection of those companies, That it did not include legal provisions governing civil liability in general In particular tortious responsibility, and even did not subject them to the provisions stipulated in the Iraqi Civil Law No. 40 of 1951 amended in compensation for damage to others arising from all or prejudice is imposed by law, resulting in damage.

Reincarnation in general is the process of moving a soul from one body to the other, in other words a dead persons soul is moved to a new born. Many people believed in this faith and specially the Indian self-made religions in general. This type of reincarnation is referred to as the old type but today reincarnation holds the same understanding but changed from a belief to a philosophical idea.

The employee's political rights protection is considered as one of the central issues worthy of a thorough and comprehensive study, as these rights represent a true standard for measuring the democracity of the political system. Moreover, it expresses the true facade of that system, as well as its compatibility or incompatibility with the ideals of democracy represented in freedom, equality, and political participation. The judiciary, both constitutional and administrative, represents a clear and prominent role in guaranteeing the rights, especially political rights, of the public employee. The constitutional judiciary aims to get the legislator to respect and protect the political rights guaranteed by the constitution. On the other hand, the administrative judiciary represents a clear model for judicial supervision regarding the administration's actions. It is also considered as an effective and confirmed guarantee to achieve the principle of legitimacy, as it requires the administration to respect the legal rules and proceed according to its requisites. Thus it monitors the adminstration's actions by applying the principle of management.

Allamah Sayyid Muhammad Hussain Fazlullah, the Shia jurisprudent, commentator, literary and poet and poet, wrote poetry covering various subjects. One of the most important topics in his poetry is the various aspects of theism. The author of this article is to study and critique Allamah's poems based on his theist thoughts, expressing the rhetorical beauty used in his poetry. The poet's view of the God is a special one that shows the depth of his feelings and insights towards the great creator. We studied the relationship between Allamah Fazlullah and God in the following areas: Divine love, humbleness, submission to the Almighty God and confession to His providence. From the viewpoint of the poet, Allah Almighty is the secret and the primary cause of the being, and loves the love of his beloved. The Almighty God also has a great place in Allamah Fazlullah's prayers and supplication. Sayyid Muhammad Hussain Fazlullah used nature and its appearances as waterfall, springs, water and flowers to express his views and ideas in poetry, because divine beauty, as it is manifested in the people, manifests itself in nature through other beings. His poems are full of rhetorical features, such as metaphor, simile and repetition. Among the contexts in which God is manifested is prayer where the poet asks the God to award him bard al-yaqin (lit., “frost of certainty). In this research, we used a descriptive and analytical method to identify the relation between Allamah Sayyid Muhammad Hussain Fazlullah and the God. While studying the nature of this relationship in the Holy Qur'an, we carried out literary and rhetorical analysis, and from his divan, we chose the poet, "Qasa'id lil Is'lam wa al-Hayat" to achieve a more tangible result.

The abandonment is one of the reasons decided by the Iraqi lawmaker to differentiate, which was singled out by the wife only, and perhaps this type of separation is one of the most frequent cases in Iraq, especially the difficult economic, social and political conditions in Iraq, and perhaps some may indicate that the Iraqi lawmaker omitted to mention the differentiation The absence of the husband contrary to what was stipulated by the comparative legislation, but pointed to abandonment as a reason to differentiate what led us to go into this research to indicate whether the Iraqi legislator wanted this omission to include the absence within the abandonment or is it Or did he replace the latter with the former? Then what is the meaning of abandonment and is different from backbiting or are they both synonymous with one meaning? If we say the first or the last, is the abandonment achieved if the husband in the marital home or even in the wife's bed?

Allah has revealed to His messengers messages that explain to the people the meaning of their lives and guide them to the paths of life. The whole of them concluded by the Seal of the Prophets Muhammad. His heavenly books concluded with the Holy Quran., And the source of these provisions in the First Islamic Covenant book of God, including the colleges of the provisions of Shariah and the year of Prophet (r) with the details contained in the confirmation and application of these provisions and his words and his report, and after his departure (r) and the interruption of the revelation of his death remained the texts of these sources are the basis of legislation And then took the science of development, organization and sanctification by the scholars of the nation and then became a great wealth of jurisprudence was and continues to be a source of every researcher and appointed to all legislation, and as a result of the intellectual and jurisprudential life of variables, and to expand the influence of the Islamic state and differentiate the Companions in the places and their mixing with other peoples And civilizations, as well as the emergence of the situation in the modern because of the prevention of codification of the year, and the new things entered the movement of jurisprudence a wider area of the emergence of schools and the multiplicity of doctrines, Vtplort and form each of the stream of his scientists and followers, scientists put each direction assets and features distinguished their way from others, And it formed a doctrinal richness of Islamic life and wealth in Islamic jurisprudence.

This scientific exchange research based on the idea of a study assignments antibody in a letter Ibn Zaidoun comics, a look at the behind the comic text of Ibn Zaidoun in his comics, what Ibn Zaidoun did not say in his letter A_i_rgueth antibody assignments that can influence them to recipes son Abdos rivals who sought hard to Dr. Neil sweetheart girl Almcetkvi birth, taking the aspect of the curriculum lingual talking labeled with the knowledge of the script language (some text) means to study the text of Ibn Zaidoun prose.

The electoral tables are those officially alphabetically listed for all citizens who, at the moment of their liberation, have the special conditions of membership of the electorate and the exercise of the right to vote. The importance of preparing election schedules and their direct impact on the proper performance and achievement of the electoral process, Parliamentary representation in parliaments, and then the expression of the parliament of the true will of the nation, if leakage or tampering with those tables was the inevitable result is not the right expression of that will.
The positions of the comparative law on the extent of individuals' commitment to register themselves in electoral schedules have varied. The French legislator has made this restriction compulsory on individuals. The French Court of Cassation has tended to make the element of coercion the responsibility of the administration, which must register individuals, even if they do not initiate To apply for registration.
The Iraqi legislator adopted the automatic and compulsory registration as a rule, with some exceptions in respect of compulsory registration. The Iraqi legislator approved the administrative challenge in the registration process before the electoral director of the governorate and before the Board of Commissioners, while the judicial challenge in the decision of the Board of Commissioners is before the Electoral Judiciary.
The judiciary has carried the Secretariat of Justice since the dawn of history, it is the oldest of the human community, which has always felt the urgent need to those who recognize security and tranquility in the souls, and the return of the oppressors, and oppression of injustice, and justice of the oppressed, and the performance of the right to the deserving, Justice and fairness, and they have either, neither strong nor weak, nor Sharif in front of him and not lost, does not intimidate anyone to force, and does not under estimate the right of one of his weakness and weakness, he is the fortress of safety for all those who fear him, the sword of truth to cut off every hand extends to the sanctity of people, To waste their blood, or to violate their symptoms or to praise their money or to weaken their will.

This study aimed to figure out the impact of technological capabilities in improve product’s quality in garments factory in alnajaf al-ashraf. In order to achieve the objects of study the researcher has designed a questionnaire contained of (52) paragraph in order to gather the information from study sample which consist of (122) individuals. The statistical package for social science (SPSS) was used to analyze and examine the hypotheses. Many statistical methods was used to achieve study objectives such as multi & simple regression. The conclusion of study were that there was a significant impact for technological capabilities with all dimension (research & development, innovation, production and affaire) in product\'s quality (performance, appearance, especially features, conformity, reliability, durability, perceived quality, serviceability). The study recommendations were that the management of factory must cares in technological capabilities and increase support for research and development active to keep the continuation the success and care in product\'s quality because its consider the main sureness for keeping the success. Second recommendation was care with services aftermarket such as delivering service and information services about products.

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Seals are of great importance in practical life because of thire direct impact on the various dealings and judicial procedures through the formalization of the papers and documents that are placed on them. In addition to that, seals are considered as a means to prevent any sort of manipulation with money or evidence related to crimes that may lead the crime scene to fade away somehow. The manipulation or removal of seals that achieve criminal responsibility is the conclusion established by the public authority pursuant to a legal text or by judicial order or whatever it deems obligatory to preserve places, papers or other baggage related to the crime. By the time these seals are placed, it is not permissible for any person to come near them, even if it is claimed that no one has no right to place these seals. Such acts will be subject to the legal text of criminalization and punishment.

As the Iraqi and Arab legislation regulated the subject of listing companies in the stock market, and showed the requirements of listing conditions and procedures for the purpose of allowing the circulation of their papers through the stock market, we find that at the same time organized the subject of delisting companies that have already been listed, and also showed the conditions and procedures for delisting from The market, which may be a decision of a competent authority, which is a mandatory write-off and may be a decision of the company itself, which is an optional write-off, which has legal effects on the cancellation decision, most notably the inability to trade the issued securities of the written-off company, which negatively affects shareholders' rights. On the one hand and on the company written off on the other, which allows objection to this decision.

Abstract
Digital Collection is a novel terminology in the world of thought and law as well as the jurisprudential level. Accordingly, the present study aims at identifying the concept of the digital collection from a legal point of view which is of two opinions. The first view is that digital collections are part of the industrial patents, whereas other jurists believe that digital collections were author's rights with all its practical applications in the world of industry. The latter view is the widely accepted one and was adopted by the international covenant such as TRIPS 1994 which issued a penalty at the misuse of the digital collections.

This research sheds light on the role of the Arab tribes in the most important movements that emerged in the Umayyad period 41 AH 132, the movement of the chosen, through which they demanded the blood of Imam Hussein (peace be upon him) through this movement raised the slogan (Yatharat Al Hussein) in the city of Kufa and had a prominent role In it.

Consumer protection has recently become a major concern, as legislation has worked to reduce economic and physical damage to consumers by establishing strict rules. The most important one of which is to enable the consumer to refrain from making the contract with nothing in return to be taken from the buyer "as another consumer". Such is a feature of a developed law for consumer protection. For Refraining is a the main legislative means by which the judicial decision is not needed but is imposed by the provision of the laws that it has adopted.

Abstract
The condition of local service is considered one of the most important conditions stated in the contracts of trade because of its effective contribution in achieving sustainable development for developing countries. In addition, it is because of the enterance of more money and the bringing of investors. This condition is defined as "that condition invloved in the guidelines of international contracts of trade for providing goods and services and which leads to the obligation of the importer to invest certain part of the contact amount at the importing country for establishing similar production of the imported goods or else according to the benficiaries vision of this condition and his economic plans." This condition should be organized through a contract between the importer and the benefeciary by which all the consequences resulting to the its parties are defined, the way of executing these consequences and its relationship to the original contract.
This was what we handled in this research. We have explained the the meaning of the local service condition through defining it. Then, we stated its legal and economic attributes. Also, we have shown all the forms of the local service condition and its importance in achieving the sustainable development, offering jobs, and providing the local market with necessary products.
Moreover, we have explained the legal consequence which may result from this condition over its parties and its obligation over both of them. In addition, the legal consequence was stated which is imposed on the party who violates the execution of this condition and at the same time to give considerable space for both parties to express their will in negotiation to develop a conflict solving mechanism. Hence, we have avoided handling court conflicts which may last for years in addition to the lack of legislations aiming at private forms within a private code organizing the condition of local service on one side. On the other side, it was to find alternatives for solving conflicts because legislation creates a state of stability and security for the importer in case such kinds of contracts were made. Through the research, we have reached a number of results and recommendations.

This Search current aims to find out the level of performance teching material history in phases medium and junior highin the center of the province of karblala, in order to achieve the aims of the research, the researcher after reding a collection of literature and pervious studies,built a research tool a questionnaire consisting of(36) paragraphs were presented to a group of experts and arbitrators to verify its authenticity, the tool was confiremed after the presentation of (20) teachers as a sample wxploratory swarch, and then applied the tool on the a basic (66) teachers and mentor using weighted mean and percentage weights, the results were statistically analyzed and the study found results:

Administrative contracts are one of the means of management used to administer public utilities and to establish the infrastructure necessary for the stability of the State. Hence, administration should have had some privileges to encounter the contractors to achieve justice through preserving public funds. Management contracts for public interest use the public law that enable it as the strongest party to achieve its objectives to maintain and sustain the public utility.

The timeshare contract is one of the most recent decades in the field of tourism and is based on the idea of investing time to distribute the use of the residential unit in tourist places to more than one person. It aims to involve the largest number of people in the use of residential units in tourist places for holidays, holidays or religious seasons. Instead of buying a residential unit that is used only for a specified period of the year and at a price that may be too high to hold without justification for one month or Less, or strive to search for a residential unit in the seasons of tourism to rent it can not find, it contracts with the owner of the tourist housing unit for the purpose of enjoying the right to stay in this unit for a specific time of each year may be a week or two weeks or more and for years may be up to twenty or Thirty years or a Thayer, while other contractors from the rest of the time benefit per year.

The crime of cultivating narcotic plants is one of the drug crimes dealt with by the Iraqi legislator in the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law No. (50) of 2017, which is intended for every activity carried out by the person includes the cultivation of one of the plants that is prohibited for cultivation in order to trade them or their seeds, This crime falls under the category of risk crimes because it does not require a harmful result, but it is sufficient to ensure that the interests of society and individuals are at risk and thus be legally realized once implementation is initiated. Narcotic.

Cultural Criticism An intellectual activity that extends its activity to include culture in its comprehensiveness as a subject of its research and thinking. It benefits from a number of methods which involve interpreting texts, analyzing them, revealing their pasts and explaining their historical past, and distinguishes the understanding of the official institution which adopts aesthetic criticism. It opens up to what is beyond its concerns. And the problems of the community and focuses on the systems of discourse, and reveals what the texts expressed through the drilling inside to learn the meanings of ambiguous through the disclosure of hidden patterns, which is rich knowledge because it promotes the concept of culture.

There is no doubt that rights in rem are considered to be of crucial importance which benefit the national economy. The right to property is the most significant one among them. It gives the right to exploit, use and dispose. In general, it means that a person has the right to keep a property for himself with a certain value given and protected by the law. Other rights in rem are drawn from this original right, one is the right of the overseer, which responds to something owned by other and is organized by the Iraqi legislature in articles 1266. It was also referred to by the land registry No. 229. On that bases and according to the deal between the overseer and the land owner, the former has the right to build buildings, factories, on others' lands is not cultivated which is an exception. Moreover, the contract is the main reason for having such right. In order to guarantee both rights; the owner's and the overseer's, the contract should be made at the land registry office as have the Iraqi Civil Code assured it. However the legislator has ignored the penalty, in case the contract was not registered in the land registry office, and thus the judicial decisions of the Iraqi Supreme Court regarding the form of the right to a permit have been contradicted.

An important principle of the establishment of the legal state is the principle of legal certainty, which is one of the main pillars of the principle of legal security, so that individuals can be obliged to laws issued by the authorities of the state must have the basic elements in these texts, the first of which should be written in an official document issued by a competent authority according to Moreover, these provisions must be clear to the extent that they can not tolerate more than one interpretation that deviates from their contents in violation of legislative justice, which is one of the most important goals for the legal state to achieve the public interest and justice and equality between individuals in the application of Promising legal on their relationships and their actions.