Journal of Al-qadisiya in arts and educational sciences

The present study aimed to investigate the attitudes of students in Arabic language departments toward the use of artificial intelligence-based educational activities in the Language Skills course. To achieve the research objectives, the researcher developed a questionnaire consisting of 20 items, which was administered to a random sample of 100 male and female students enrolled in the first stage of the Arabic Language Department, College of Education for Human Sciences, University of Karbala, during the academic year 2024–2025.
The findings revealed that the students’ attitudes in the Arabic Language Department were high. The results also indicated that there were no statistically significant differences at the 0.05 significance level between male and female students in some of the questionnaire items. However, the remaining items showed statistically significant differences attributed to the gender variable, in favor of female students. Based on these findings, the researcher proposed a number of recommendations.

The research aims to identify (smart forgetfulness and mental alertness among secondary teachers) in the Diwaniyah Education Directorate, where the research sample reached (200) teachers and schools distributed among the schools of the governorate center. To achieve the objectives of the research, a smart forgetfulness scale was built, which in its final form consists of (20) items after... Extracting its psychological measurement characteristics, and the mental alertness scale in its final form consists of (20) items, after applying the two scales and collecting the teachers’ responses and analyzing them using a set of statistical methods using the social statistical package (S.p.S.S).
The results showed that secondary school teachers are characterized by intelligent inattentiveness and mental alertness with statistical significance, and there are statistically significant differences at the level of (0.05) between teachers in both intelligent inattentiveness and mental alertness according to the gender variable and in favor of males, with a positive and statistically significant correlation between inattentiveness and mental alertness. Intelligence and mental alertness, and based on the results of the research, the researcher developed a number of recommendations and proposals.

The development of literary criticism parallels the evolution of society. Among the topics that evolved in this field are plagiarism and incorporation in classical Arabic literature, which in modern times has come to be known as intertextuality. In this research, we aim to study the types of intertextuality in the poetic works of the Iraqi poet Hussein Al-Qassid. We will explore how he utilized the Quran, myths, characters, and folk heritage in his poetry to enhance meanings and broaden the connotations of his texts. The research reveals the underlying hints and symbols within this intertextuality, leading us to view intertextuality as an artistic tool for reshaping heritage and employing it in a modern context, thereby adding depth to his poetry. The researcher follows a descriptive approach on one hand and a comparative approach on the other, employing analysis and deduction. The study begins with a theoretical foundation, defining intertextuality, its types, and patterns, as well as presenting scholars' views in this field. It also includes an applied study supported by examples from the poetic works of Hussein Al-Qassid, highlighting that his poetry serves as a model that balances tradition and modernity, merging heritage with contemporary reality.

" This research aims to identify the impact of the "Information Gatherers" strategy on the achievement of literature and texts among second-grade middle school students. The researcher purposefully selected a sample of 82 students, divided into an experimental group of 42 students and a control group of 40 students at Al-Tawiyah Boys' Intermediate School, affiliated with the General Directorate of Education/Al-Rusafa II in Baghdad Governorate.
The researcher ensured equivalence between the students of the two research groups in the variables. He then attempted to control several extraneous variables that previous literature and studies indicated could affect this type of experimental design.
The experimental group was taught according to the Information Gatherers strategy, while the control group was taught using the traditional method during the experiment, which lasted for a full academic semester (the second). The researcher prepared an achievement test as a research tool, which was administered to the students of both research groups (experimental and control) at the end of the experiment. Using an independent samples t-test to determine the statistical significance of the difference between the mean scores of the two research groups, the research yielded the following results:
There is a statistically significant difference at the significance level (0.05), as the students of the experimental group who were taught literature and texts according to the Information Gatherers strategy outperformed the students of the control group who were taught the same material using the traditional method.
In light of the results of the current research, the researcher drew several conclusions, made multiple recommendations, and suggested conducting a number of studies."

Declarative sentence is the basic sentence type and the most used one in both English and Arabic. The purpose of this study is investigating this sentence type in these two languages contrastively in order to locate the similarities and highlight the discrepancies. The study concentrates on probing the patterns used in both languages for producing their respective declarative sentences. Two well-known models are used for this purpose: Stageberg's (1981) model, which focuses on the form of the sentence components, and Quirk's et al (1982) model, which focuses on the function of the components. The study also developed a 'hybrid model' that merges the properties of the aforementioned two models. It is thought to be more robust for the purpose of the study. The study found that all the patterns used in English are not peculiar for its declarative sentence and can be all used for producing Arabic declarative sentence. On the other hand, the study also found out 15 patterns (ten for the Arabic nominal declarative and five for the Arabic verbal declarative) that are peculiar to Arabic with no counterparts in English. In addition, the study arrived at some other findings as regards the structure and components of the declarative sentence in both languages.

هدف البحث الحالي الى بناء برنامج الكتروني مقترح وفق القيمة المضافة لتقييم القدرات التحصيلية لدى طلبة كلية التربية .
وتم استعمال المنهج الوصفي في بناء البرنامج الالكتروني متمثلة بخطوات التصميم العام ( ADDIE) وهي المراحل التالية ( التحليل ، التصميم ، التطوير ، التنفيذ ، التقويم )
واستعمال المنهج شبه التجريبي عند تطبيق البرنامج الالكتروني على عينة من طلبة كلية التربية لتقييم القدرات التحصيلية ، وتوصلت النتائج الى فاعلية البرنامج الالكتروني وفي ضوء النتائج تم التوصل الى عدد من التوصيات والمقترحات.

This study investigates the potential of Gemini Advanced as an AI-driven tool for analyzing L2 errors and generating feedback. Thirty native Arabic-speaking undergraduate students majoring in English participated in this research, engaging in peer feedback prior to receiving the feedback generated by the AI tool. A mixed-methods approach was employed to compare the quantity and variety of errors identified by human and AI evaluators, as well as to analyze the quality and consistency of the feedback provided. Findings indicate that AI excels in identifying and correcting grammatical and spelling errors, surpassing human evaluators in terms of efficiency. However, AI exhibits limitations in addressing pragmatic and contextual nuances and tends to overcorrect. A qualitative analysis of the feedback reveals inconsistencies and occasional inaccuracies in AI's assessment of student writing. The study concludes by advocating for a balanced approach to integrating AI in L2 writing tasks, highlighting the necessity for human oversight and critical evaluation of AI-generated feedback to maximize its potential advantages for language learning.

The importance of the research, according to Joseph Lagu’s statement, lies in the fact that he is a South Sudanese military and politician and one of the leaders of the Anyanya - separatist movement in South Sudan, where he worked as an officer in the Sudanese Armed Forces and was promoted to the rank of Major General and appointed Commander of the Southern Command. The British policy in South Sudan, based on the creation of a different reality in the South, led to Develops independently of the North, deliberately perpetuating backwardness in the economic and educational fields and not encouraging contact between the South and the North, The movement benefited greatly from the presence of some members of the Ugandan tribes who reside on the common border between the two countries and to dissolve the southern political parties and prohibit political activity. The lack of connection between Sanu and the citizens in the south paved the way for the rule of terrorism in Anyanya, because it relied to extend its control on the decline of the influence of politicians. Once this was done, it faced the northern army, and then the issue entered the field of direct combat between the two parties.

Not only did the significance come through one, but its methods varied, and differed, as it is carried out through the way of metaphor, metaphor and metaphor, and to research in those ways, the researcher went to the body of the poet Mehdi Al-Naheri and after examining and examining his texts gave us the works that The research devoted its efforts to one of the ways of "metaphorical employment", after his presence as a prominent feature in the texts of Al-Nahiri, which was a cause for monitoring and analysis, and we find the poet employed a set of metaphors to perform intended and intended connotations.

This research sheds light on one of the obstacles that hinder the Arabic sentence, which is: the presentation and delay. The structure may come in its original form ,and it is often hindered by obstacles that deviate it from this origin, and incline it towards a certain direction rather than another, but it does not separate from the origin, but rather remains a guide and ruler of the superficial structure of the text.
These obstacles do not come without benefit, but for a rhetorical purpose intended by the creator and understood by the recipient. The presentation and delay give speech freedom and movement, and this freedom to deviate from the original linguistic structure, or from the system of building the sentence is not absolute or without control, but rather conditional on the benefit of the meaning and its beauty.

Poetry is a purely human achievement, an achievement in which a person tries to reveal the secrets and mysteries of the self, in an influential poetic language capable of arousing pleasure in the recipient, according to special expressive and structural laws. Here lies the poet's brilliance in arranging, describing and characterizing. Poetry is an honest expression and a serious attempt to lean towards the self, where worry, pain, love, sacrifice and everything that is personal and individual, through which the poet tries to devote his humanity in poetry. The research here is a critical reading of the collection: (((When the Eyes of Forgiveness Mutter) by the poet Sabah Anouz, which is a collection of poems written in mourning and praising Al-Hussein (peace be upon him), poems in which he tried to mix feeling with emotion and reality with imagination. In this research, we try to present a critical stylistic reading of this collection, following the stylistic approach in analyzing the texts and reading them, a reading that starts from the text and returns to it, in search of the dominant stylistic factor that distinguishes Anouz's poetry in this collection from the poetry of others. The research is a serious attempt to read A poetic achievement by a contemporary poet who possesses focused artistic tools and a distinctive poetic talent, a reading that began from the text and returned to it.

The research depicts a journey of a perseverance and hope for a British born Nigerian girl Lola Ogunwole from childhood to adulthood. It focuses on the role of familial dynamics in nurturance of a child and the immense suffering of many Nigerian children at the hands of their parents and relatives. As a reaction of her abandonment from her parents, Lola uses her own easy yet challenging coping mechanism. Instead of eruption, she chooses acceptance and detachment from her emotions to encapsulate herself from her malicious milieu. The research highlights how Lola cultivates her inner peace and how that her coexistence in such toxic familial dynamics affects her positive growth. She succeeds in navigating the traumatic experiences alone achieving her autonomy, which is clearly shown through her storytelling in which she shares her diaries only with the imaginary addressee Jupiter. The research concludes that the eagle-eyed Lola overcomes not only her spatial journey but also navigates the emotional and psychological ones successfully. In addition to that Lola challenges the idealized image of mother by refusing the motherly support recreating her independency away from her biological relatives and succeeds in the assimilation of dual cultures.

One of the features of the Qur’anic text that appears clearly is the feature repetition ، At the level of the Qur’anic stories, we notice the repetition of the content of the stories in more than one place of the Holy Qur’an, and although the content is the same and the purpose is the same, the presentation of these stories differs each time, so the Qur’an comes from time to time. View the stories in detail Sometimes the whole, and this is a reference to the occasion of the Qur’anic surah and its topic, so the arrangement of the verses within the Qur’anic surah is correlated with its topic, as it follows in order to show that purpose that the Qur’anic surahs contain, and between the totality and the detail, the linguistic structure of the verses differs, And since the purpose of the research is to study the effect of systems on the difference in linguistic structure, the research should focus on the Qur’anic dialogue that results in arguments.

The research seeks to uncover the rhetorical performance, particularly the similes employed by poets in the book "The Popular Mobilization Poetry Collection," published by the Specialized Literary Library in Najaf. The study was conducted by a group of Iraqi and Arab poets united by their love of the homeland and their sacred defense of its sanctities. This was the result of a competition announced by the Literary Library in 2016 to celebrate the resounding victory of the Popular Mobilization Forces, who shed their precious blood in defense of our beloved homeland and its sanctities. The poets rose up in defense of the homeland with creative expression and praise for our sacred mobilization. The Literary Library has graciously documented this poetic event in a two-volume book, comprising (350) poets from Iraq and the Arab world. The nature of the research required it to be divided into an introduction, a preface, three chapters, and a conclusion, which included the most important findings of the study and a list of sources and references, as follows:
In the introduction, I addressed the concept of rhetoric, the concept of mobilization, and a description of the book of poetic mobilization. The first chapter was entitled "Eloquent Simile," the second chapter focused on detailed simile, and the third chapter included general simile.
The research concluded with a conclusion summarizing the most important findings and a list of sources and references. Success comes from God.

This study aims to shed light on the concept of human rights in Islamic thought, by tracing the foundational roots of these rights in the Qur’anic texts and the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad, and analyzing how they were embodied and practically applied in the life of the Prophet Muhammad and the government of Imam Ali AS The study starts with the hypothesis that Islam did not present human rights as mere theoretical slogans, but provided a comprehensive system based on principles of justice, freedom, dignity, equality, the right to life, and others, within a coherent ethical and legislative framework. These rights were practically implemented through the Prophet’s (PBUH) actions in building a civil society in Medina, his dealings with Muslims and non-Muslims, and also through Imam Ali’s (AS) policy of social justice and the preservation of human dignity, even amid political challenges and internal conflicts
The study analyzes historical examples that represented the application of these rights, discussing the success of the early Islamic experience in achieving a balance between spiritual values and civil rights. It also compares the intellectual foundations of human rights in Islam with contemporary concepts, aiming to highlight the authenticity of these principles and their potential to contribute to addressing the issues of contemporary humanity

Religious and historical discourse in Islam has long witnessed a diversity of interpretations and differing positions on numerous pivotal issues, some of which remain controversial today among different sects and schools of thought. Even if we assume the absence of marginalization and politicization in a given issue, we often see that these disagreements are based, in reality, on differences in the understanding of texts or in the interpretation of their meanings. However, the development of modern linguistic studies, particularly the theory of performative speech acts, has provided new analytical tools through which texts can be re-read from a pragmatic perspective, moving beyond focusing on their apparent content to analyzing the function of speech and its impact on reality. This research is based on the hypothesis that texts issued by figures with religious and social authority in Islamic history, such as Imam al-Hadi (peace be upon him), possess performative power in light of the context, the situation, and the speaker's position in relation to the audience. An analysis of these actions may contribute to establishing the legitimacy of some controversial historical issues in which the reality of the communicative dimension of speech has been overlooked. Based on a documented and authentic text such as the "Ziyarat of the Commander of the Faithful, specifically commemorating the Day of Ghadir," a visitation narrated with reliable chains of transmission from Imam Ali al-Hadi (al-Naqi) (peace be upon him), this research analyzes a number of performative speech acts found therein. These acts, according to the geography of the text, are: (verbs of peace, acts of testimony, acts of oath, and acts of cursing). I will read them according to the theory of Austin and Searle, seeking to prove that these statements were not merely expressions of opinion or emotion, but rather as binding linguistic acts. We can observe the realistic and social impact they can have when issued by a person authorized to do so, such as the eighth Imam, Ali ibn Muhammad al-Hadi (peace be upon him), in a text with reliable sources such as this visitation. The research hypothesis also includes the notion that the documented text targeted by the study here carries a linguistic and performative legitimacy that may have been overlooked by traditional jurisprudential readings. Therefore, it is possible to The issue is historically reconsidered based on the strength of these verbs in the studied text. In this research, I will adopt the (analytical pragmatic) approach by analyzing the speech acts contained therein. I will prove the legitimacy of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) in the Hadith of the Day of Ghadir, through the political, religious, social, psychological, and referential judgments that the linguistic structures comprising the speech produce. This will lead me to conceptualize the performative effect that the linguistic act produces in reality, in terms of an accomplished inferential effect.