Al-Rafidain Journal For Sport Sciences

The study aimed to identify the degree of application of physical education teachers in Nineveh Governorate to professional performance standards and to determine whether there were differences in their application based on academic qualification and years of experience. The descriptive approach was used as it suited the study objectives. The study population consisted of physical education teachers in Nineveh Governorate, totaling 631 teachers. A random sample of 230 teachers was selected, representing 36.45% of the population.
To collect data, source analysis, and a questionnaire were used. A standards questionnaire was prepared, including 9 standards with 78 items, which underwent scientific validation procedures such as expert validation, internal consistency validity, and structural validity. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed using the split-half method and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. The questionnaire was then distributed to the sample and statistically processed.
One of the key findings of the study was that the degree of application of professional performance standards by physical education teachers in Nineveh Governorate was at a moderate level across all criteria. There were no statistically significant differences in application based on academic qualification and years of service across all standards, except for the planning and assessment standards, where teachers with less than five years of experience showed higher application levels.

Study Aims to: Revealing the effect of hypoxic training exercises using an altitude training mask on some lung functions during physical exertion in a sample of young soccer players.
To achieve the study objectives, the researcher hypothesized the following:
1. There are no significant differences in the effect of hypoxic training exercises using an altitude training mask on some lung functions during physical exertion in a sample of young soccer players.
2. Some biochemical variables in a sample of young soccer players.
The researcher used the experimental method for its suitability to the nature of the research. The study sample and population consisted of the players of Qaraqosh Sports Club for soccer, aged 16-19 years, totaling 16 players. The sample was intentionally selected and divided into two groups, a control group and an experimental group, with 8 players in each group.
Hypoxic training exercises were prepared for the experimental group, and the training sessions were conducted over 9 weeks, with four training units per week. These sessions were carried out from June 4, 2022, to August 4, 2022.
Data were statistically processed using the mean, standard deviation, skewness rate, F-value, and Eta squared.
The researcher concluded the following:
1. Hypoxic training exercises using an altitude training mask had a positive effect on lung functions during physical exertion.
2. Hypoxic training exercises using an altitude training mask had a greater positive effect on lung functions during physical exertion compared to traditional training methods

The study objective is:
1. Developing a Scale for the Quality of E-Learning Performance for Faculty Members of Colleges of Physical Education and Sports Sciences in Iraq.
2. Establishing Normative Levels and Tables for the Scale Measuring the Quality of E-Learning Performance for Faculty Members of Colleges of Physical Education and Sports Sciences in Iraq.
3. Identifying the Level of E-Learning Performance Quality among Faculty Members of Colleges of Physical Education and Sports Sciences in Iraq.
The researchers employed the descriptive method using a survey approach, as it suits the nature of the current study. The study population included faculty members from the Colleges of Physical Education and Sports Sciences in Iraqi universities during the academic year 2022–2023. The total study population consisted of 1,238 faculty members distributed across 18 universities.
The construction and application samples included 300 faculty members from the original study population. These were randomly selected and divided into a construction sample and an application sample. The construction sample consisted of 180 faculty members, subdivided into an exploratory trial sample of 12 faculty members from most Iraqi universities and a statistical analysis sample of 168 faculty members.
The application sample for the scale of e-learning performance quality included 120 faculty members.
The researchers concluded:
1. A scale for assessing the quality of e-learning performance for faculty members of Colleges of Physical Education and Sports Sciences in Iraq was successfully constructed. The scale consists of 40 items.
2. Normative levels and tables for the scale were also established.
3. Faculty members of the Colleges of Physical Education and Sports Sciences in Iraq demonstrated an average level of e-learning performance quality.
The researchers recommended:
1. Relying on the developed scale of e-learning performance quality to evaluate the level of faculty members in the mentioned colleges in Iraq, and utilizing the established normative tables and levels.
2. Working to enhance the quality of e-learning performance among faculty members by engaging them in developmental training courses in this field.