Journal of Physical Education

The vestibular reflex of the eye representsis one of the important devices for maintaining balance as well as its importance in influencing the attention of boxers as boxers need to perform multiple movements in the head with the requirement to prove the look towards the competitor. In order to develop the vestibular reflex, The training was a square with longitudinal, cross and diagonal lines in which the boxer moved his head with a fixed view of the center. After conducting the exercises on the model, Al-Bahathin measured the five aspects of attention to know the effect of the innovations using the innovative model. Vestibular kind is reflected in the development aspects of attention to the boxers

The aim of the research is to identify a range of training distances according to different systems and to identify the impact of training systems in some special physical abilities. The researchers hypothesized that there were significant differences in some physical abilities between the pre and posttests in favor of applying different training systems. There were significant differences in some physical abilities among the three research groups in the post-test after the implementation of the different training systems. The researchers used the experimental method. The subjects were (18) Youth Nineveh swimming team for the season (2017-2018). All swimmers were divided into three experimental groups. The training program lasted for (8) weeks during two intermediate cycles and 4 short cycles and (3 : 1) in each intermediate course and 3 training sessions per week. The datawas collected and treated using proper statistical operations to conclude that the training systems had a positive effect on special physical abilities. In spite of the positive effect of the systems used on the special physical abilities, there was a superiority of the training system for decreasing the ability of the two men, the strength of the arms, the strength of abdomen muscles. The researchers recommended to emphasize the trainers using the high-intensity to develop achievement of this event because it has a positive impact to improve the level of physical abilities. Stressing that trainers should use the descending training system by distance in the form of high-intensity training, which did not have superiority over the rest of the systems for effectiveness in the development of most physical capacities

The research aimed at identifying the significance of the difference of recovery curve after anaerobic muscular effort with different intensities between the upper and lower part of the body for each of junior and senior bodybuilders. The researchers hypothesized significant differences in recovery curves after anaerobic muscular effort with different intensities between upper and lower parts of the body. The researchers used the experimental method. The subjects were (10) youth and (10) advance bodybuilders. Two tests bench press and squat have been used by using different intensities (60%,70%,80%,90%) .After each test with different intensities, heart rate has been taken in different times (Directly, after 15, 30, 45, 60, 120, 180 seconds. The researchers concluded that Response and recovery of heart rate after squat test with different intensities are more than bench press test with different intensities for the two groups junior and senior as well as the recovery curve of heart rate in senior group is faster than junior group in both squat and bench press tests.

The research aimed at identifying the effect of upper extremities special strength exercises with certain angles on the performance of basket skill on the parallel bar in advance Iraqi gymnastic league. The researcher hypothesized significant statistical differences between pretests and posttests in some angels and performing Basket on the parallel bars. The researcher used the experimental method. The subjects were (3) gymnasts. The data was collected and treated using proper statistical operation to conclude that using upper extremities special strength exercises positively affectedand developed the performance of basket on the parallel bars. Finally the researcher recommended using these exercises in all gymnastics centers for developing special strength and coaches should pay more attention to physical traits due to their great importance in developing all skills.

Determined by the research problem in the loss of effort training with students not selected scientifically and according to specifications in line with the qualifications of the player to the center line or play football for this came objectives of the research seeks to categorize vocabulary research sample according to anthropometric variables and compare these kinds in motor skills and skill enjoyed by members of these samples classified.To achieve these goals researchers used appropriate methodology(descriptive approach) to collect datarelevant measurements and capabilities sampled from the vocabulary of the research sample represented students medium Mesopotamia in the center of Hilla, and then processed statistically to get the results concerned with the achievement of telecom objectives and thus came the conclusions of the research as follows:

The importance of the research lies in including up to date devices for measuring and testing motor response speed and the accuracy of scoring by using Audio device that gives orders and commands about the test as well as calculate time. The problem of the research was the weakness in measuring time of motor response. The research aimed at adjusting the audio device for measuring motor response time and combining it with the accuracy of performing scoring in soccer for advance players. The researcher used the descriptive method. The subjects were (54) players from three clubs. The data was collected and treated using proper statistical operations to conclude test criteria for motor response time and scoring accuracy using audio stimuli. Finally the researchers recommended using this test for measuring motor response time in soccer primer league, making similar studies for female players and using devices for measuring other abilities and traits

The researchers noticed variations in the performance of the basic offensive skill that ends with layup shooting or in the motor sequence of complex skill with the lack of accuracy under speed pressure, which reflects the reality of the training process itself. The study aimed at identifying the relationship of some biomechanical variables with the level of performing offensive skills that ends with layup shot in six basketball teams of the Iraqi basketball primer league. The researchers used the descriptive method. The subjects were (48) players from six clubs from the Premier League basketball for the season (2016-2017). The data was collected and treated using proper statistical operation to conclude that there is a relationship between some biomechanical variables and the level of performing layup shooting. Finally they recommended paying attention to teaching aids indeveloping basic skills in basketball

The problem of the research lies in the lack of using teaching aids for fencers with disability especially those with hearing impairment who face difficulties in receiving information and dealing with others because they are deaf and dumb thus they heavilyrelay on sight. Thus the aim of the research using modern visual teaching aids to identify the effect of these exercises on learning offensive performance as well as identifying the effect of using ordinary exercises on learning offensive performance. Theresearchers used the experimental method on (6) students deaf and dumb from Al Amel institute. The subjects were divided into two groups then the teaching program was applied for 8 teaching sessions. The data was collected and treated using SPSS to conclude that both exercises led to the learning of offensive kills in fencing, in addition to that the experimental group learned better in both types of offensive artistic performance. Finally the researchers recommended using modern visual teaching aids in learning as well as paying attention to using modern teaching aids so as to make teaching more interesting

The Reality of the administrative Supervision of the Ministry of Youth and Sports Directorates and its Role In Improving the Administrative Level of Its DirectoratesInthis study, the researchers sought to identify the reality of the administrative supervision of the Ministry of Youth and Sports directorates and the role it plays in improving the administrative level and what are the means and tools that are followed and used by the supervisors to improve its work from the point of view of its members, which amounted (984). The researchers used the descriptive method. The study was conducted in the period from 3/9/2018 to 1/21/2018. The administrative supervision and administrative improvement scales were used on the sample on 11/10/2018 on the sample of the research. The number of valid questionnaires was (309) and the five -variable scale was corrected. The field of (tools and means of supervision) has reached the highest degree within the axes as it reached its arithmetic mean(2.32)The field (organizational structure) has took (2.10) The field of (requirements for the effectiveness of supervision) has reached (2.00)While the measure of administrative improvement was seven statements. The researchers concluded that the field of tools and means of supervision was highly responsive while the organizational structure was the average response, and it was found that thereis a large contribution to the speed of error detection and the accuracy of information to improve administrative performance

The research indicates the importance of revealing the real level of the Iraqi team participating in the Asian qualifying finals for the 2018 football World Cup. By diagnosing strengths and weaknesses of some offensive tactic principles that shows the development in Iraqi team performance level. The problem of the research lies in the fact that most of the national team coaches do not give much importance to the process of game tactics, especially during Iraqi teams participation in foreign championships, so the researcher decided to study this problem in order to identify the real reality and try to develop appropriate solutions. After reading Naji Kazem and Fares Sami Study published in the third scientific conference of the College of Physical Education and Sports Science 2017, which contains (18) tactical principle divided into (9) principles of offensive tactics and (9) principles of defensive tactics. A form was designed to analyze attack tactical principles. The researcher used the descriptive method in the survey method based on the observation and analysis of some of the offensive tactics principles of the Iraqi national team in the Asian qualifying finals for the 2018 World Cups. The results obtained by the researcher show that the failed attempts were higher than the successful attempts as well as in in changing the direction and passive possession of the ball was the highest proportion of the positive possession this negatively affects the results of matches. Finally the researcher recommended developing offensive tactics, paying attention to individual and team tactical preparation for the Iraqi national league and compressive preparation of skills, physical, tactics and psychological through which the basic components of football can be integrated to reach a better level for the Iraqi team

The individuals’ abilities to face difficulties differ according to their ability to adapt to these changes. Steadfastness is related to the ability to change and in the field of sports athletes can benefit from positive psychological pressures and improving to face these changes.The importance of the research lies in identifying psychological steadfastness in soccer league referees according to correct scientific bases to uplift the level of referees’ selection. Thus the researchers aimed at standardizing a scale for psychological steadfastness scale for new referees. The researcher used a descriptive method on 140 referees for the season 2016 –2017. The results of the research lead to specifying criteria for steadfastness scale and recommended using these criteria and standards in selecting soccer referees

The introduction to the research included administrative empowerment and the educational process and its development to develop the educational institution through the supervisory process, and the administrative empowerment and the field of educational theory mature achievable, and that would change the supervision method of positive change and summarized the problem in that many educational institutions still lack the vision Clear for this concept and do not realize the benefits of positive and used the researcher descriptive approach to a single sample, and formed the research sample, The total sample number (267), representing the research community, and the researcher built the measure of administrative empowerment and the results were processed by statistical means (statistical file SPSS) The results were presented in the tables and points and discussed. The study found that the sports education supervisors in Baghdad education districts have a good level of administrative empowerment

The problem of the research lies in the weakness of performance in 5thgraders because physical educators can’t concentrate on all students at the same time as well as the lack of repetition. The research aimed at designing a playground for learning and developing some basic skills in gymnastics for 5thgraders as well as identifying the effect of this playground on gymnastics basic skills’ development. The researchers hypothesized significant differences in some basic skills in gymnastics in favor of the experimental group. The results showed that the experimental group surpassed the controlling group due to the use of in learning floor exercises. Finally the researchers recommended using this playing ground for learning different skills due to its positive effect on learning motor skills

The importance of research lies in the design of an innovative too, preparing a number of exercises using this tool and studying its effect on the learning of forehand and backhand skills in badminton. The problem of this research is that the beginners have some learning difficulties on the basic badminton skills by sticking with traditional learning using a partner or the wall for executing the exercise without using modern devices. The research aimed at designing innovative tool and using it for teaching some basic skills for female badminton students. The researcher used the experimental method and the sample of the research was on a group of female students in the first stage, which included 32 students from two classes chosen randomly. The exercises were applied by the researcher using the designed devices on the second group to determine the level of improvement that occurs for the students in the performance of the studied skills. Based on the results obtained by the researcher, the most important conclusions are the innovative tools used in this study were suitable for the level of students and their abilities and also suitable for the improvement in learning the forehand and backhand badminton skills. Finally the researcher recommended teaching the learning how the tool works to develop the accuracy and performance of beginners.

The research aimed at identifying sport confidence in female players of college varsity/ university of Mosel as well as identifying success in college of physical education and sport sciences’ female varsity team/ University of Mosel, and the relationship between sport confidence and success in female varsity college of physical education and sport sciences/ university of Mosel. The researcher used the descriptive method. The subjects were (30) players for (3) games including futsal, basketball, volleyball). The researcher used sport confidence scale (Robein Ville) and success scale (Herbert Marsh) the data was collected and treated using proper statistical operations to conclude that sport confidence and success scales are suitable for female varsity players of college of physical education and sport sciences/ Mosel University. Female varsity players have higher levels of sport confidence and success that will positively affect their development in sports. There is a significant correlation relation between of sport confidence and success in female varsity players of college of physical education and sport sciences/ Mosel University

The problem of the research lies in players’ weakness in visual and motor abilities that negatively reflect offensive skills’ performance in volleyball. The researcher aimed at designing an educational program with the forms of play to develop some visual and motor abilities and performance of offensive skills in junior volleyball as well as identifying the effect of this program. The researcher hypothesized positive effect of the educational program on the forms of playing on the development of some visual and motor abilities and the accuracy of offensive skills’ performance in the post-test and in favor of the experimental group. The researcher used the experimental method. The sample were (16) players of Al Hashimia Club for the season 2018. The data was collected and treated using proper statistical operation to conclude that the educational program positively affected the development of some visual and motorabilities and accuracy of skills performance. Finally the researcher recommended paying attention to using educational program according to play forms in all educational session for compound skills in youth volleyball.

The problem of the research lies in the lack of scientific researches that study the effect of menstruation on athletics events and fitness components. The aim of this research was to study some physical fitness components in running, jumping and throwing events before –during and after menstruation in female students. The research was conducted on Tikreet University female students of physical education and sport Sciences College. Two pilot study were conducted to specify three phases; the first phase 2 –3 days before menstruation, 2ndphase 2 –3 days during menstruation, and 3rdphase 7 –8 days of menstruation. All tests were conducted during all phases to collect the data that was treated using SPSS. The researcher concluded that there is a decrease in muscular flexibility of arms and legs, general stamina of cardiovascular andrespiratory systems during the 7thday of menstruation. There are no differences in explosive power, strength –speed, maximal transitional speed, and agility. There is a decrease in 100m running achievement while no differences are found in long jump anddiscus throwing. The researcher recommended paying attention to female students during menstruation especially concerning general stamina and muscular flexibility when planning training loads as well as making similar studies on other age groups and on other subjects

TheAim of the study was to investigate the effect of the post-tribal test method on learning some of the basic skills of the intermediate students in the middle class (B) and (C) and to identify the effect of the post-test method between the two types of personality (B) (C) The experimental method (the design of the experimental groups) for the two types of thinking (B) and (C). The sample consisted of a group of students of the intermediate stage of the second stage. 10 students were selected. The statistical bag (SPSS) (T-test of the associated and independent samples), the research concluded In the development of volleyball skills under study for students in the intermediate stage, the personality pattern (B) and (C) were found. There were no differences inthe post-test results in the development of volleyball skills under study for middle school students between the personal models (B) C), and recommended the need to conduct studies include the variables of the current study or other and on the broader andcomprehensive samples and other methods for most of the stages of schooling for males and females in Iraq.

Planning in a very important aspect in the field of sports especially in Iraqi football premier league. The importance of research lies in identifying the reality of planning the Iraqi premier league for football from the point of view of coaches and players. the problem of the research lies in the weakness of planning in some of the premier league for football in Iraq. The research used the descriptive method. The subjects were (120) coaches and players of the Iraqi premier league for football. The researcher deigned a questionnaire for the importance of planning in the Iraqi premier league football. The data was collected and treated using SPSS to come up with the conclusions. The researchers concluded that there is weakness in the administration of some Iraqi football premier league clubs especially in planning more than other section. Finally they recommended that the federation should pay attention to planning process as a basic requirement for the development of Iraqi football premier league.

The study aimed to build a measure of personal awareness in accordance with the window of Johari for managers of youth and sports forums in Baghdad, and identify the level from the point of view of workers, the problem lies in the attempt of the researcher to answer a specific question is: Do managers of the youth forums and sports in Baghdad, To create an atmosphere of human interaction and harmony with employees? . The researcher followed the descriptive research method in the method of associative relationships on a sample of the continuous employees in the Baghdad governorate for the year 2018 of 608 individuals who were chosen by a vertical percentage of 62.875% of the original society for the period from 14/12/2017 to 5/4. (308), and sample application (298). After a series of logical procedures in constructing measurement tools in sport management according to the measurement parameters The scale of the study was constructed and then applied to the application sample and its results were processed using the pouch system Statistical (SPSS), the researcher concludes that the personal consciousness according to Johari Window Managers Youth and Sports Forum was not to be required to have a level.

The study aims to build a standard of administrative knowledge for the managers of the youth and sports forums in Baghdad and to identify their level from the point of view of the employees. The problem lies in the researcher's attempt to answer a specific question: Do the directors of the youth and sports forums in Baghdad have sufficient administrative knowledge, This vital institution working in the sports field Baghdad? . The researcher followed the descriptive research method in the method of associative relationships on a sample of the continuous employees in the Baghdad governorate for the year 2018 of 608 individuals who were chosen by a vertical percentage of 62.875% of the original society for the period from 14/12/2017 to 5/4. (308), and sample application (298). After a series of logical procedures in constructing measurement tools in sport management according to the measurement parameters The scale of the study was constructed and then applied to the application sample and its results were processed using the pouch system Statistical (SPSS), the researcher concludes that the managers of youth and sports forums need better knowledge of the administrative level.

Competitive physical activities are considered a necessity for primary school pupils due to their great importance in developing an individual’s personality. The research aimed at concentrating in the importance of competitive activities in learning motor skills in physical education class. The subjects were (442) primary school pupils. The researcher concluded their educational attitude towards competitive activities during physical education lesson although there are some negative attitudes towards such activities. He recommended changing the aim of these competitive activities so as they would not revolve about winning only but also providing the pupil with creative competitive experience.

The first section covered the introduction of the research and the researcher discussed the importance of lactic acid in the effectiveness of running 800 meters as well as interest in physical qualities of the game. Theresearcher used the descriptive method on a subject of (5) Iraqi team runners of the applicants representing the in the event ran 800 meters and was presented in this section the mechanism of work and how the variables were chosen and the method of conducting the main experiment, The researcher concluded with a set of conclusions and recommendations presented in the fifth section. The most important conclusion is that endurance exercises according to the Cosmin test followed by the 800 meter walkers need to reconsider the improvement of operations chemical in muscle cells to increase the ability of the racers to produce and carry lactic acid and continuously take into account the principle of privacy in endurance exercises, and the most important recommendations must be adopted sequential methodology when evaluating the endurance exercises for those running 800 meters.

The importance of the research lies in maximum oxygen uptake Vo2max in 1500m running event as well as paying attention to special physical traits of the event. The researcher used the descriptive method. The subjects were (5) advance runners who represent the Iraqi league in 1500m running. The data was collected and treated using proper statistical operations to conclude that endurance training according to Cosmin test needs to be reconsidered when conducted on 1500 m running. In addition to that the researcher concluded that 1500m runners should maintain Vo2max as an indicator for improvement. Finally the researcher recommended using follow up procedures to evaluate endurance training for each runner in 1500m event.