Dijlah Journal of Medical Sciences

During infection with Trichomonas vaginalis, immune cells, antimicrobial peptides, cytokines, chemokines, and adaptive immunity evolve in the reproductive tract, and a pro-inflammatory response is generated to eliminate this invading extracellular pathogen.

This case-control study aimed to evaluate some immunologic parameters (IgM, IgG,Il-33, IL-37) in women infected with Trichomonas vaginalis parasite.

The current study was conducted on (45) women with Trichomoniasis who visited Al-Batoul Teaching Hospital and private gynecology clinics in Baqubah, Diyala Governorate, during the period from November 2023 to July 2024. The study also included (45) healthy uninfected women as a control group. Estimation the levels of immunoglobulins IgM, IgG and interleukins IL-33, IL-37 were carried out using the Enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay technique (ELISA).

There was a highly significant increase in the (mean±SD) of IgM and IgG in women with Trichomoniasis (2.09±0.77) and (14.32±6.67) respectively compared to the mean ±SD of these antibodies in healthy women (0.07±0.12) and (0.23±0.13) respectively (p=0.00). The results showed that there was a highly significant increase in the mean ±SD of IL-33 and IL-37 in women with trichomoniasis (13.85±2.41) and (14.29±1.85) respectively compared to the mean±SD of these interleukins in healthy women (0.56±0.73) and (7.35±1.19) respectively (p=0.00).

It can be concluded from the current study that there was a highly significant increase in the levels of IgM, IgG, IL-33 and IL-37 in women infected with trichomoniasis

It is commonly known that genetics plays a part in blood pressure and the risk of hypertension. Nevertheless, few studies have been done to identify the genetic differences that contribute to the heritability value. Therefore, the current work uses full-sib analysis on Iraqi individuals in Ramadi, west of Iraq, to assess the genetic influences on intra-individual variance of blood pressure limitations.
100 people in all, including 27 families, were identified. This study looks at the advancements and challenges of research. This study presented that communal genetic differences in a narrow set of genes that influence blood pressure is unlikely to impact the genetic manner of blood pressure control in the inhabitants. Rare variation, which primarily affects pedigrees rather than the population, may instead be responsible for heritability. In the coming years, high blood pressure genetics is expected to concentrate on rare variants across a wide range of genes. The difficulties that need to be overcome and the methods being developed to find this genetic diversity are described.

Therefore, findings propose that diastolic and systemic pulse pressure is crucial characteristics that influence the blood pressure phenotype, and any blood pressure management program would be most effective based on these characteristics.

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is a prevalent viral infection in Iraq, making it crucial to determine its asymptomatic presence for effective community-level infection management.The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of HAV in a nationally representative population in eastern Baghdad, Iraq, to identify variables associated with seropositivity, and to assess changes in the epidemiological pattern.This study was conducted from January 2023 to July 2023. Patients aged 1-45 years were randomly sampled. HAV immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels were measured, and data on sex, place of residence, and age were collected. A total of 371 subjects (199 male and 172 female) participated in the study. The overall seroprevalence of HAV IgM was highest in the age groups 1-4 years (59.42%) and 5-14 years (62.59%), while 46.15% and 60.38% of patients were in the age groups <1 year and 15-45 years, respectively. The distribution of HAV was higher in males (62.21%) compared to females (58.79%), indicating , a substantial difference between male and female HAV infected individuals.

Arthritis refers to a collection of illnesses and conditions that impact and damage the joints in the body. Common symptoms typically involve pain and stiffness in the joints, along with additional signs like redness, warmth, swelling, and a reduced range of motion in the impacted joints. Some forms of arthritis also impact other organs. The beginning of the illness may be slow or rapid The purpose of the study is to study the relationship between vital variables and kidney diseases and the relationship between urea and creatinine in patients with arthritis the study included 60 samples of women and men between the ages of 30 and 55 years old and the samples were divided 30 samples of arthritis patients, 20 samples of women and 10 samples of men. The control group included 30 samples from people without arthritis, 20 samples from women and 10 samples from men. Chronic medical conditions such as cancer, people with chronic inflammation, and pregnant women were excluded. Five milliliters of venous blood samples were collected from patients and control group, blood was clotted at 37°C and centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 10 minutes and blood was separated for direct ESR analysis, serum separation and serum separation for CRP, Uric acid Urea,creatinine, ALP, The study showed higher levels of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), creatinine, urea, and uric acid in the blood serum, with a significant difference.

From all of the above, we can conclude that these biomarkers can be used as predictors of arthritis.

Personalized surgical interventions have been revolutionized by integration of finite element analysis in design and evaluation of craniomaxillofacial patient specific implants. This study aimed to investigate the effect of implant sizes, material type, fixation devices and number of fixations points on biomechanical behavior of cranial implant. Finite element analysis was used to simulate physiological loading conditions. Detailed geometries of implant assembly were included. 144 assembly combinations were analyzed to obtain the maximum Von Mises stresses and total deformation. Single-Factor without Replication ANOVA was used to analyze the results. They showed that material types have a major impact on both stress distribution and deformation. At the same time, screw and miniplate type haven’t drastically affect the stress distribution or deformation. Other factors like defect size, fixation points and implant texture have significant effect on both stress distribution and deformation. this means that the null hypothesis is rejected.

Lung cancer is a common cancer worldwide and can occur due to various causes, one of which is the MMR mismatch repair system. This system repairs mismatched nucleotides in the DNA strand during replication. MLH1, a key gene in the MMR system, is essential in repairing mutations in lung cancer patients. Certain non-coding RNA genes, such as snoRNA and FOXD2-AS1, can regulate the expression of this gene. These non-coding RNAs influence MLH1 gene expression in lung cancer patients. The examination targeted at detecting the impact of miRNA and non-coding RNA on MLH1 gene expression rates in lung cancer patients situated within Dohuk City. The study included 70 patients aged between 45 and 65. The sample was divided into two groups: one included 55 lung cancer patients; another group included 15 patient controls. The study consisted of two stages: first, detecting the level of MLH1 gene expression; second, assessing the level of non-coding RNA influencing gene activity. The results showed that the MLH1 gene expression value was 0.38, while the gene expression values for non-coding RNAs were 4.4 for snoRNA and 4.2 for FOXD2-AS1.

Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative, microaerophilic bacterium that colonises. Aims to evaluate the relationship between H. pylori infection severity and metabolic disorder. A case-control study was conducted with 180 patients, who were divided into three groups: (Group 1) severe gastritis, (Group 2) moderate gastritis, and (Group 3) healthy controls. In serum, H. pylori was detected using nephelometry immunoassay, and enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) determined interleukin-17F (IL-17F). The severe gastritis patients had significantly higher H. pylori levels compared to those of moderate gastritis patients (mean difference: 47.083 AU/ml, p < 0.05) and healthy controls (mean difference: 117.033 AU/ml, p < 0.05). The control group had significantly lower amounts of H. pylori than those in the moderate gastritis group (mean difference: -69.950 AU/ml, p <0.05). The levels of IL-17F were also significantly higher in the severe gastritis group than the moderate gastritis group (mean difference: 27.9467 ng/ml, p < 0.05) and the control group (mean difference: 59.9967 ng/ml, p < 0.05). The levels of HbA1c in the severe gastritis group were higher than those in both the moderate gastritis group (mean difference: 3.1217%, p <0.05) and the control group (5.0883%, p <0.05). The mean levels of RBS in severe gastritis were higher compared to both moderate gastritis (51.800 mg/dl, p < 0.05) and the control group (122.833 mg/dl, p < 0.05). Results revealed that higher infection severity resulted in higher concentrations of these markers, indicating the contribution of H. pylori to metabolic dysfunction and immune response. These results underscore the need for H. pylori eradication to enhance metabolism and immunity.

Quercetin is a natural organic compound and is the main component of plant pigments, which are responsible for the colours of many flowers, vegetables, and fruits. It has many therapeutic applications in human health. Spectroscopic methods (spectral analysis) were used to evaluate the pure form of quercetin. The interaction of quercetin (QUR) with sulfadiazine (SULF) led to the formation of an orange-colored complex, which was spectrophotometrically detected at a wavelength of 435 nanometres. The composition of the complex was determined using Job\'s method. The optimal method is influenced by several factors, including the volume of the reagent treated with diacetyl, the volume and type of the base medium, the order of addition, and the reaction time. The results showed that the linear range was from (10-100) µg/mL, with a determination coefficient (r² = 0.9982), and the limit of detection (LOD) was 0.1083 µg/mL, while the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.3943 µg/mL.

Density functional theory study was carried out to investigate the electronic structure and vibration properties of bromocyclohexane, chlorobenzene, and iodobenzene. the calculations implemented in Gaussian 09. The results showed infrared transmittance data provided key insights into functional groups and bond vibrations. Chlorobenzene and iodobenzene exhibit maximum absorption (or minimum transmittance) at around 700 cm1, corresponding to C-X (carbon-halogen) stretching vibrations, particularly C-Cl and C-I bonds. However, hexane bromosate exhibits a significant absorption at about 2900 cm-1, which is associated with C-H stretching at SP3-hybridized carbon atoms (a characteristic feature of saturated aliphatic structures such as cyclohexane). In contrast, the reduced mass values provided evidence of atomic contributions to specific vibrational modes, particularly in heavy atom interactions. The reduced masses reach 6 atomic mass units (a.m.u) of Chlorobenzene and Iodobenzene, which is nearly the reduced mass between two carbon atoms, and reduced masses reach 1.3(a.m.u) for Bromocyclohexane. The positive charge value is (hydrogen - iodine - chlorine - bromine) while the negative values are for carbon. Iodine, boron, and chlorine atoms appear positively charged in Mulliken charge analysis, primarily due to differences in electronegativity and bond polarity. Together, these computational results contribute to the understanding of the molecule\'s electronic structure, stability, and reactive behavior, and provide information for its potential applications in pharmaceutical and materials science.