Tikrit Journal for Agricultural Sciences

This experimental work was conducted at the North Oil Company, Department of light vehicles / Services and Materials Authority to study the impact of vehicles diesel engine viscosity traveling distance in four levels of 500, 1000, 1500 and 2500 km on engine lubricant oil properties. The study was conducted using mid-sized Hyundai-Korea bus (24 passengers) Model 2013. To reduce the experimental error, the work was repeated 9 times. The studied oil properties were oil density, viscosity, viscosity design (CRD) with post-hoc (Duncan test) to study the differences between the means at 0.05 level of significance.
The results showed that the oil density increased with increasing the traveling distance reaching 0.902 g/cm3 at 2500 km. On the other hand, the oil viscosity (SAE40) decreased with increasing the traveling distance reaching its lowest level of 154.27 centistokes at 2500 km. This value is still within the acceptable range of the International standards. The results of the viscosity index ranged between 17 and 19. However the low viscosity index value, the results indicate that the viscosity was stable at this range of study, there are three categories of viscosity index. low index (15-30), medium (30-85) and high index (85-100). High viscosity index is preferable because it is less affected by temperature change.
Viscosity
index refers to the effect of oil temperature on the oil viscosity and it is related to hydrocarbons in the chemical structure of the oil.The better oil index refers to the one which is less affected and have constant values. The oil moisture content was 400 ppm which is in the lowest acceptable rang of engine lubricant oil. The ash content in the oil increased with increasing the traveling distance reaching 1.8161 wt% which is within the acceptable values of ash content.

The study was conducted in the laboratory of dairy's factory in the college of Agriculture / University of Tikrit to determine the processing sensory and therapeutic properties of low fat و low calorie ice cream prepared from camel milk with or without inulin. Three different types of ice cream were manufacture (T1) the control regular ice cream from cow milk and cream and (T2) from camel milk and half to half cow and camel cream. Without inulin and (T3) the same type in (T2) but replacement of (15%) cream by inulin. The results showed no significant deferent in total solids و protein for all type of ice cream while the high fat and acidity and calorie content was found in (T1) compared with (T3) in other hand the opposite carbohydrate content . also there was positive differences in viscosity melting resistance and low over rum by added inulin. The sensory properties showed no high differinces but it came to faror camel milk ice cream with inulin.

Three pedons representing arid gypsiferous soils in Sallah Al-Din governorate have been selected for studying the vertical distribution of some soil components and its relation with irrigation method(without irrigation,sprinkler irrigation, surface irrigation irrigation) .The soils were classified as Aridisols and sub great Calcigypsids. The results showed a significant effects to the land use especially,
center piovot irrigation and plowing on the distribution of soil components , horizons thickness and development .Most of the studied soil pedons were silty loam, none saline with a slightly alkalinity. Moreover, the predominan types of soil structure were complext, College of Agricultre spongy, massive and subangular blocky . Cultivated Ahorizon was thicker ( 25 - 26cm) than uncultivated A horizon( 13) cm Morphological description ,physical chemical analysis, and thin section technique showed that there is a significant difference in vertical distribution of soil separates The occurance of desected clay- ferran skin(ferriargillans ) were found either around soil particles or in the interna l pores surface as well as calcitans and gypsans which indicates down word movement of some soil component due to pedogenic processes .Soil development indices ( C.I) reflected the development of cultivated soil pedons (3.75,38.2 ), while these indices (1 .12,1.67 ), indicates that the non cultivated soil pedons were not developed. Dominant pores were ,chamber, channel, complex and vughs. Gypsum crystals shape were mainly spindle and lenticular. Thus, it is important
to take into account the soil management and irrigation method for th future land use.