Zanco Journal of Human Sciences

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

This research examines the poem "When Expression Vanishes" by the poet Ahmad Jarallah through an analytical rhetorical study, which has established a significant impact in the record of Arabic poetry in the genre of elegy.
The study aims to achieve a reading of the words and meanings of the selected poem, which includes the elegy of Professor Dr. Ahmad Fathi Ramadan, may God have mercy on him, utilizing a descriptive analytical approach through an introduction and three sections. The introduction of the research covers the problem statement, reasons for choosing the research topic, its importance, objectives, previous studies, methodology, and the research plan. In the first section, the researcher discusses the methods of meaning in the poem "When Expression Vanishes". The second section deals with the rhetorical methods in the poem of meanings when expression vanishes, and the third section covers the methods of embellishment in the poem "When Expression Vanishes", followed by a conclusion summarizing the most important research findings, and a bibliography of sources and references.
The research reached several conclusions, including revealing the significance of the poem "When Expression Vanishes" by the poet Ahmad Jarallah, and the extent to which it expresses his sorrow and pain over the death of his mentor, Professor Dr. Ahmad Fathi, may God have mercy on him. The poem is rich in stylistic constructions through the study of semantics, and the multitude of rhetorical imagery such as simile, metaphor, metonymy, and implied metaphor, and how the poet employed these to express his grief and sorrow over the separation between the lover and the beloved scholar. The poem is also characterized by antithesis and contrast, as the poet wanted to clarify in his poem praise for the deceased; the contradiction clarifies and emphasizes the meaning. The words of the poem are dominated by simplicity, clarity, sweetness, sincerity of emotion, among other results.

When two philosophical columns come together in one theme a magnificent mosaic is formed. This is what happened when Heidegger the wonderful existential philosopher met the concept of man which represent the pinnacle of attention of contemporary philosophy. Heidegger was creative for providing an illustration of the human composition the pattern of his composition and how he gets related to the outside world and he presented in a realistic existential physical way. Linking the importance of public existence to human existence (Aldazin). The core of existence is what exists, and in it lies the being of existence. Making the man only being who is aware of his being. The human alone is aware of his being and alone transcends his being towards his existence. The core of human is fundamental to the reality of his existence. And because of the essentiality of human existence, Heidegger made him the basis of world existence. The existence includes the asker in inexistence itself (which exists). The human existence (Aldazin) is the presence of a projectile towards the outside and there is no escape from it. so, it must accept it with all its free will as long as it cannot change this reality or this fact, so it must make it his property by uniting his existence. And the human existence in the world is linked to (existence with the other). Making his existence with others and active existence of a relationships between effective and affection. And this matter only indicates on the social of human nature and his jealousy.
The human being's existence is realized with the other and his link to the outside world here we find that this connection makes him exist concerned and carry the burden of his existence, his existence and freedom of existence are linked to the experience of anxiety. Anxiety represents a lived experience or existential emotion that reveals to man the fabric of his existence of worry. And through anxiety the human returns to his own self. Through it, the path of the Dazin is transformed from the world of the subject to the original element in its existence, as it is the one that pushes man to achieve all his potential
Also, another term that Heidegger linked to human existence is death, making the existence of the individual his goal ends with death, it is impossible to achieve another possibility after it for the existing and consider it a possibility for the individual himself. And that is because it is not useful for anyone to die instead of him or instead of him When we talk about death, it is a personal reality that no one can live instead of the individual himself who is subject to this possibility. And the existence whose journey ends with death will be in a time, flung in the time, where among the design characteristics is the time structure whose meaning of the continued existent worry is discovered. With this anxiety, the Dazin obtains its completeness in the three temporal arenas (past, present, and future), which ends through death. The human (Dazin) is temporally linked to material reality with anxiety, concern, and responsibility.

The professional ethical thinking of history teachers, by the nature of their work, includes their ethical thinking in their relationship with students, and their ethical values in their relationship with their colleagues. Since female student teachers cannot judge all aspects of the professional ethical thinking of female history teachers, the researcher limited the current study to addressing ethical thinking related to teaching inside the classroom and the course taught to female student teachers, and its relationship with professional competence. Given the growing international interest in the central importance of ethical values in teaching, empirical studies that explore the relationships between teachers’ ethical thinking and other aspects of their competence are conspicuously absent. Such studies can serve to justify certain values as more appropriate for teachers than others, and can benefit the design of relevant components in teacher education (Cummings et al., 2007, Willemse et al., 2008). The question of how to justify values can be viewed as a question for educational philosophers or policy makers, not for practitioners, but the fruits of any values in teaching practices ultimately depend on the ability of teachers to Teachers need to reflect on and internalize these values in their lives. (Veugelers & Vedder, 2003) Carr (1993a, pp. 20-21) suggested that the relationship between the practical and the ethical needs to be explored in our thinking about the nature of teachers' professional knowledge and behavior. Colnerud (2006, pp. 384-385) suggested that teachers' ethical roles need to be investigated in relation to their responsibility to provide students with cognitive challenges that are valuable to them.

The Expressive Discourse in Contemporary Arab Ceramics, Nasser Halabi as a Model
The plastic art in all its specializations works within an influential discursive scene in the artistic work within the elements and foundations of formation that organize the work, its creation and its exit carry within it a certain content and a certain regulatory body. In order for the artwork to have an aesthetic effect, and among the plastic structures, the expressive discourse and the sense of it stand out. Expressive discourse occupied an important concept in the process of constructing the artwork. Expressive discourse was an important act to achieve the saving intellectual visions in the artwork in order to give different visual and aesthetic sensations in the art of cer
From here the current research came to study the expressive discoursethe ceramic scene of the works of the potter Nasser Halabi, where the research problem started from a sentence, I ask him that ended in the following question

The research aimed to show the effect of climate on bioclimatic comfort in Babil Governorate, as the most important climatic characteristics affecting bioclimatic comfort were used and relied on many statistical equations that explain the extent of the feeling of comfort, including the temperature and humidity index coefficient of the scientist Tom, the equivalent temperature equation, the stress index, and the wind cooling equation, In addition to using modern geographical techniques (GIS),the importance of the research is evident in employing comfort indicators in any month of the year, relying on climate characteristics to clarify comfort levels in the study area, and the descriptive and analytical approach was adopted, In addition to the quantitative method that is compatible with the data obtained from government publications, the research contributes to providing information to planners and investors in all areas related to human comfort, and helps the people of society themselves in determining the best times for rest and the tools to help lighten the atmosphere during discomfort.

This paper examines the use of color in the artistic works of two prominent artists Wassil Kandinsky and Piet Mondrian. Both artists are known for their unique approaches to color theory and its application in their respective styles Kandinsky, a contemporary artist known for his vibrant and chaotic compositions, uses color in a way that reflects the complexities of the modern world. Mondrian, on the other hand, was a pioneer of abstract art and known for his use of primary colors and geometric shapes. By comparing and contrasting the approaches of these two artists, this paper aims to highlight the diverse ways in which color can be used as a powerful tool in artistic expression.

The current research aims to identify the psychometric properties and factor structure of the generative altruism scale among university students. The researchers adopted the generative altruism scale from the study (Bussing et al., 2013) and adapted it in an Iraqi cultural context different from the original cultural context of the scale. For this purpose, the researchers translated it using a back-translation method. Then he prepared his instructions and presented it to a group of arbitrators. The researchers adopted the descriptive approach to the research procedures, and a sample was selected according to the Thomson equation, amounting to (378) male and female students from the University of Babylon for the academic year (2023/2024), distributed in a random manner with a proportional distribution using the Cochrane equation, and he The researchers used confirmatory factor analysis, extracting the values of the conformity indicators for the measurement tool, and calculating the validity, reliability, and standard error. The researchers reached several results and came up with a set of conclusions, recommendations, and proposals.

The research aims to identify the level of self-control and feeling satisfied with life. And revealing the nature of the relationship between them among students in the preparatory stage, the research sample reached (300) male and female students from the sixth scientific grade. To achieve the research objectives, the researcher built two self-control scales consisting of (52) items. The feeling of satisfaction with life scale consists of (40) items. Face validity, construct validity, and reliability were extracted using a retest method for both scales. The reliability coefficient for the self-control scale was (0.82), and the reliability coefficient for the feeling of satisfaction with life scale was (0.81). The data were treated statistically using the t-test for one sample and the t-test for two independent samples. and Pearson correlation coefficient, One of the most important things indicated by the results is that middle school students have self-control and a sense of satisfaction with life to a moderate degree, and there is a direct relationship between the two variables, There are no statistically significant differences depending on the gender variable (male-female), and in light of the results, the researcher presents recommendations and proposals.

The research aimed to identify the level of false self among middle school students displaced to Erbil. Depending on the variables (gender, grade, specialization, economic aspect, type of school). The sample included (360) male and female students, who were selected using an equal random stratified method. From the fourth and fifth grades of middle school, for the academic year (2023-2024), distributed among (10) middle and high schools, (5) of which are for males, (5) for females, with a ratio of (180) males and (180) females, The researcher prepared a tool to measure the false self, consisting of (30) items. The apparent validity of the scale was verified by presenting it to experts, and the construct validity was verified, and the stability of the scale was verified by a retest method, and the reliability coefficient reached (84.0). The Pearson correlation coefficient and the t-test were used as statistical methods, and the research results showed the following:
- High level of false self among displaced students in middle school.
- There is a statistically significant difference in the level of false self-according to the gender variable (males and females) in favor of males.
- There is no statistically significant difference in the level of false self-depending on the specialization variable (scientific, literary).
- There is a statistically significant difference in the level of false self-according to the family monthly income variable (high and low) and in favor of those with high monthly income.
There is a statistically significant difference in the level of false self-according to the variable type of school (governmental, private) and in favor of private school students.

Japan had sought to interfere in Korea’s affairs and control it since the Meiji reign, it made great efforts before 1876 to break Korean isolation to gain a foothold in it. In 1876, Japan had forced Korea to sign the Ganghwa Agreement, under which, it gained a political and economic foothold, but it faced competition from China, which considered that Korea belongs to it, but this competition had led to a rebellion in Korea, where both countries sent their forces to protect their subjects.
In 1894 when a rebellion occurred in Korea, as a result the Japanese forces had arrived and refused to withdraw, so a war had broken out between Japan and China, that war had ended with the defeat of China and the consolidation of Japanese influence in Korea. Similarly, Japan entered into a confrontation with Russia that led to the outbreak of war in 1904, which ended with Russia's defeat too, during that war, Japan imposed a protection agreement on Korea.
In 1907, the Korean king was forced to abdicate in favor of his son, then the Cabinet was dissolved and a ministry loyal to Japan was formed, in the same year the Korean army was also dissolved and the Japanese presence in Korea had continued till 1910, when Japan annexed Korea to its territories

The research dealt with (The structure of the decoration in scenes executed on Andalusia Islamic ceramics), which is divided into four chapters. The first chapter included the research problem that was summarized in the possibility of answering the following question: (Is there a structure of decoration in the Andalusia Islamic ceramic form and what are the mechanisms of its operating in the Islamic ceramic work? while the importance of the research and the need for it (came because this study benefits those with artistic and aesthetic interests, researchers and art connoisseurs in the fields of Islamic ceramic art, also this research provides the opportunity for students and connoisseurs of Islamic art and those interested in its experiences to view the products of Islamic art. The research is characterized by diversity and richness in the formal structure through Shedding light on the products of Islamic art). The aim of the study is to (Identifying the structure of decoration in the scenes executed on Andalusia Islamic ceramics). The researcher identifies the ceramic works executed in Andalusia and includes the specific time period of the century (15-16 AD).
As for the second chapter, it was represented by the theoretical framework, including two sections on the first section: (The structure of decoration, a conceptual approach) while the second section was concerned with studying Islamic Andalusian ceramics (its historical references), and the theoretical framework concluded with a set of indicators.
The third chapter dealt with the research procedures, which included the research population, selecting the research sample, and analyzing the sample. While the fourth chapter included the research results and conclusions, as well as recommendations and proposals, some of the results reached by the researchers are :-
1- The formal structures appeared in Andalusia Islamic ceramics, whether geometric, plant or animal, as distinctive decorations on ceramic vessels.
2- Rhythm, repetition and symmetry played a prominent role in demonstrating the concept of decoration on all surfaces of Andalusia Islamic ceramics.
3- Shapes, lines and colors intertwined to show the (Ceramic decoration) in superior appearance, especially on the surfaces of Islamic Andalusia ceramic jugs.
The most important conclusions reached by the researcher:
1-The Andalusia Islamic potter succeeded in successfully employing the elements of ceramic construction within an environment geographically different from the other Islamic environments.
2- Andalusia Islamic ceramics and the metallic luster were influenced by pictorial scenes from reality that were executed in a very precise, aesthetic and symbolic way, especially when decoration was used to achieve them.

The research aims to know;
Job burnout among country employees.
The future orientation of country employees.
The correlation between job burnout and future orientation among country employees. In order to achieve the research objectives, the researchers adopted the Maslach and Jackson scale (Maslach, Jackson, 1981), which was codified by (Abu Masoud, 2010) as a tool for measuring job burnout. The scale consists of (16) items distributed over three areas, namely (emotional exhaustion), (Dampening of feelings), (decrease in personal achievement), and the future orientation scale was built according to Seginer’s theory (Seginer, 2009). The scale consists of (28) items distributed over three areas (future perceptions, planning for the future, and self-efficacy.
After applying the two tools to a sample of 400 employees from departments who were selected by a stratified random method with proportional selection, the researchers extracted a set of psychometric properties for both measures, including discrimination, validity, and reliability.
The search results indicated the percentage of individuals who have a high level of job burnout (18.25%) out of the total research sample is higher than the percentage of those who have a low level (16%
The percentage of individuals who have a low level of future orientation (19.5%) out of the total research sample is higher than the percentage of those who have a high level 18%
The relationship between the two variables is a statistically significant inverse relationship, meaning that the higher the individual’s job burnout, the lower his orientation toward the future
Based on these results, the researchers presented a set of recommendations and suggestions for subsequent research

The Khutbah speeches have a profound effect on the listeners who come to the mosques, so the content and subjects of the speeches have to be related to the present events of the time and location. This is a scientific effort to review the existing literature on the importance and basics of Khutbah speeches and how the speakers can refer to the foundations of Islam, such as the Quran, Hadith and Experts of classic and contemporary Islam. The study's relevance comes when the speakers need more knowledge or talk about a relevant and present topic; the audience will not be listening and following the guidance of the khutbah. Also, the more influential the speeches are, the better attendance is, and their reflection is usually positive towards those speeches. The study finds that considering the current events of people’s surroundings is crucial for those who give speeches in Khutbah. As the era has changed, so have new people’s ideas and religious aspirations in accordance with the events that take place. It’s imperative to consider the momentary situations when a speech is given.

Research Objectives: The current research aims to identify: - The current research aims to investigate the following:- The level of emotional empathy among students of the College of Fine Arts. -The level of aesthetic response among students of the College of Fine Arts. -The relationship between emotional empathy and aesthetic response among students of the College of Fine Arts. -The significance of statistical differences in emotional empathy and aesthetic response among students of the College of Fine Arts based on gender (male-female) and academic stage (first year - second year - third year - fourth year). The research community consists of students from the College of Fine Arts at Salahaddin University/ Erbil, totaling 324 students. The researchers selected a sample of 200 individuals randomly from the College of Fine Arts. The researchers utilized two tools in their study: the first tool to measure emotional empathy (Al-Aasimi, 2015), and the second to measure aesthetic response (Hassan & Abdulhameed, 2023). The results obtained by the researchers are as follows: -High levels of emotional empathy were found among the research sample. -High levels of aesthetic response were found among the research sample. -There is a significant positive correlation between emotional empathy and aesthetic response. -There are statistically significant differences in emotional empathy based on gender among students, favoring females. -There are no statistically significant differences in aesthetic response based on gender. -There are no statistically significant differences in emotional empathy and aesthetic response based on academic stage among students of the College of Fine Arts.

The place constitutes a visual concept that is furnished to indicate according to tangible possibilities and deepens the meaning according to a tangible cultural memory, which frames the epic literary event with dimensions with scenes that parallel the movement of time and act as an alternative to it within the artistic structure. The geography of the place in epic literature is considered a symbolic surplus that allows the production and formation of human cultural memory even It is able to give a symbolism derived from the topography of the place in which the event moves. The literary place has two dimensions that can be monitored through the framework of possible reality. The first includes the description that usually dominates the literary work in order to formulate a theater that moves according to the dimensions of the events. The second dimension is the expected dimension. Which takes the capabilities of language and imagination as a way to monitor and follow up. Man has realized from time immemorial the necessity of his need for place in his life, and this realization stemmed from his stability and permanence. Thus, the focus was one of the important textual strategies that modern writings resort to. Place in the narrative text depends on the framework in which it is located. In it, the events and transitions that take place between multiple places are followed by a complete transformation in the character’s ideology, and the significance of the place has a great impact on the psyche of the person who lives in it. The openness, expansion, and development leave a positive stamp on the individual’s reality, and the place is considered one of the most important effective narrative elements that are employed within the mythical narrative structure because it It represents the space in which the events of the Epic of Gilgamesh take place. It has its own significance, whether realistic or mythical, inspired by imagination. In all cases, the place contributes to the structure of the narrative text of the epic, and this is what the ancient Iraqi writer realized. Either the legendary place has a specificity that surpasses other places, and we find Most myths open with a description or mention of a specific place. The legendary place is often linked to the gods, so it has existed since time immemorial. They considered the first legendary place to come into existence, and other places branched out from it. The relationship of the epic or legend to the place is the relationship of the artistic structure to its symbols, that is, the real places in this world. It does not exist in myth, and from this standpoint we will highlight the importance of place and its impact on the construction of the epic text, which is the title of our research (The impact of place on the textual construction of the Epic of Gilgamesh
Based on the requirements of the research idea and the available scientific material, the research was divided into two axes: the concept of place and its significance, and the second axis is the importance of the geography of the place in constructing the literary narrative text. The research was preceded by an introduction and the most prominent conclusions that we reached when writing.

Love addiction dates back to the 1970s, which refer to Inappropriate, widespread, and excessive desire for one or more romantic partners that leads to inability to control behavior and give up the individual's specific passions and desire. The current research aims to determine the level of love addiction among students at Soran University, and the difference between them by the demographic variable of (Gender, age, and economic status). Quantitative descriptive method was used to analyze the data. The sample comprised (244) students, (120) males, and (124) females, aged from (18 to 25). The results indicated a low level of love addiction among participants. In term of demographic variables significant differences were recorded. Females had higher levels of love addiction, and those who are in older ages and better economic status had higher levels of love addiction. Hence, based on the study findings a number of recommendations can be devoted for further research.

This is a qualitative study, conducted through critical analysis and comparison of concepts, forms, and definitions of terms from their original sources to how they were constructed, translated, and entered into Kurdish literary criticism dictionaries, with the goal of determining the types and sources of problems. The dictionaries and glossaries are: "Dictionary of Literary Terms" and "Analytical Dictionary of Literary Terms" prepared by Bakhtiar Sajjadi and Muhammad Mahmoudi; "Literary Terms" prepared by the Literature Committee of the Kurdistan Scientific Academy; "Dictionary of Literary and Critical Terms" by Nawzad Ahmad Aswad; "Literary Dictionary" by Mohsen Ahmad Omar; "A Dictionary of Critical Terms" by Bakhtiar Sajjadi; "Keywords: Dictionary of Literature and Criticism ” by Abdullah Taher Barzanji and Ali Taher Barzanji.It is a cognitive attempt to clarify and determine the types of problems, their causes, how to resolve contradictions and ambiguities in the translation and formulation process, and the issue of objectivity in formulating the meaning and concept of some of the terms found in dictionaries. The most essential issues regarding the form and meaning of terms are divided into three categories: formation, concept, and definition.

This study aims to highlight the quantitative or graphical analytical method in scientific research (Text analysis) and its application to historical texts. This is to understand the psychological or ideological motivations behind the written text, or to determine the motivation for authorship. By selecting a specific text and counting the number of words it contains, then identifying the ten most frequently occurring words in the text, and creating a percentage for each of the top ten words divided by the total number of words in the text, the role of the study becomes apparent. The study then provides an interpretation and reason for the frequent repetition of a particular word over others, and reveals the author's most important messages. The study was conducted on the introduction to Ibn Qutaybah al-Dinwari's Book of Knowledge (D. 276 AH/ 889 CE), as he was a renowned author who wrote on various sciences and played an active role in enriching intellectual currents in Islamic history, having lived and died in the third century AH. The study, conducted on the introduction to this famous literary work, highlighted the arrangement of knowledge according to the book's author. According to the statistics, issues of genealogy, kings, knowledge, and then science were his primary concerns or his understanding of the needs of scholars and society at that time.

Studying the words of the Qur’an and their meanings is of great importance, because it helps in deep understanding and provides valuable insights about language, culture and religion. It is certain that the meanings and connotations of words and phrases change according to the Quranic context in which they appear. Accordingly, in our research we have studied (the semantic dimensions of the verb (Zakka) in the Holy Qur’an), as it is one of the words of the Qur’an, which carries various meanings and connotations, which vary and change with the change in the meanings of the Qur’anic text and the context within which the verb occurs.
The importance of the research in its connection to the Quran study, because the studies is very important, so it produce a deep understanding for divine message and teachings, so the Quran is a main source for linguistic and religious, researchers’ interests revolve around his interpretation science and scientific applications on daily life.
The research aims at the comprehensive and accurate access of the linguistic material (Zakka)in various topics in Quran, with more than one linguistics form and more than one meaning, the true understanding of it leads to comprehensive understanding of Quran meanings, reflection on the connotations, thinking about the judgment and its lessons.

The study aimed to shed light on the role of Islamic religious values and the moral aspect in educational institutions, specifically in international schools, to highlight the role of local administrations in promoting the religious and moral aspect of students, especially that students in international schools are the main language of the curriculum foreign (such as English, Turkish, French, etc...) and so that the student does not lose his religious and national identity and even his mother tongue, especially since I sensed in my previous experience in teaching in an international school that students need It is urgent to get closer to moral commitment, identify its correct identity, exchange ideas and opinions, set protective examples, and know the usefulness of these values in our daily lives, and the extent to which students follow their teachers who have these correct religious and moral values away from fanaticism and puritanism, especially since this aspect touches the instinct that God (Almighty) has instilled in us, the feelings of students, their spiritual and human side.
The study followed the use of a questionnaire consisting of two important sections, the first section is concerned with the student's opinion, tendencies, interests, etc., while the second section included the side of school administrations and the way they support students and promote religious and moral values, whether by guidance and interest in competitions and visits to universities such as libraries, scientific museums, trips that emphasize religious and archaeological identity and other activities.
The number of students who expressed their opinion on the field questionnaire reached (200) students in two international schools different in environment and place, and opinions varied among students according to their family upbringing, environment, and place.
The conclusion of the questionnaire is that students are in greater need to learn about religious values and the extent to which they are related and applied in our daily lives, some students were (25%) lack knowledge of their mother tongue and religious culture, and the limited understanding of some students that religious values are valid for every time and place and are compatible with contemporary societal development and they were (50%) of the total students and the best evidence of this is that modern education today refers to the work of collective groups (Teamwork) corresponds to An important religious value is the cooperation that Islamic law has urged since time immemorial.
The study recommended to benefit from the people of educational and religious moral specialties and increase the activity for that, and to intensify efforts to enhance joint work in the work of community activities and voluntary visits among specialized teachers and international schools to raise awareness of religious and moral values, in addition to the above emphasis on the role of the social worker in international schools in educating students about these values and indicating their importance in solving their social problems.

The two Council systems was and still under discuss the advantages, disadvantages, multiple forms and most important definitions that illustrate the concept, it appears in Britain before 1254, the concept consists of supervision and clergy. And in 1945 Henry III called two nights from every country to participate in parliament and considered as a constitutional precedent of Edward in 1295, after that the model parliament formed which included representatives of the nation’s classes. The decisions were issued by the majority of them and the two councils still on one pace and equal in jurisdiction till 1911 then happened a crisis between lord’s council and Lloyd George about the budget, then the government made parliament law. Because the federal system was old in its origin in constitutional regulation, it’s difficult to clarify what system is without return to or stop in conditions that lead to its origin and development, Britain is the first sight of this system development and spread all over the world. Democracy is the peoples rule for itself to achieve the goals and interests of direct democracy.

Women's legislation is one of the basic components from which Iraqi woman derive her rights. The problem of this research revolved around the great suffering that woman has suffered as a result of their not obtaining full rights, the lack of fairness, justice and equality, lack of equality with a man, and her lack of the opportunity to obtain her rights stipulated by the laws, and the failure to advance them to the required level.
Therefore, the importance of this research is to activate and enhance the role of woman in light of legislation related to woman internationally and in Iraq, and to overcome the difficulties and obstacles that limit woman’s contribution to legislations.
The objectives of the research are embodied in knowing the extent to which international and Iraqi legislation contributes to enhancing the role of woman and educating them about her right, knowing the decisions, agreements and laws that Iraq has signed that aim to enable woman to obtain her right, and knowing the social and cultural motives and challenges that impede them on the way to obtaining her right.
Thus, the research included a field aspect and the research community was represented by members of the House of Representatives, as well as faculty members with specializations in social service and law in Iraqi universities and in five governorates in Iraq.
A multi-stratified random sample was taken from the studied community by distributing a questionnaire that included a number of questions and topics related to the research topic, and statistical analysis was done using the SPSS V.20 program. The research reached a number of recommendations, including that woman should be aware of their rights stipulated in Iraqi legislation and work to create a clear vision for Iraqi legislation.

The study titled "The Relationship Between the Title and Text Cohesion in the Short Story Collection 'Water Chants'" seeks to explore the connection between the title and the structure of the text in the collection by the author Sanaa Shalan. The study is based on three research axes: In the first axis, the researcher discusses critical studies that address the title and its impact on the aesthetics of the text. The second axis focuses on the superficial structure of the text, which has been influenced by the author's accumulated culture. The third axis examines the structural composition of the text and how this aligns the main title with the sub-titles and accompanying texts.
The researcher utilized a variety of mechanisms, relying on the verbal level and its structures, in addition to the figurative and semantic levels. Special attention was given to the symbolic dimension and non-linguistic signs, analyzing their impact on the cohesion of the text's structure with the title. All of this aims to guide the reader in exploring new semantic dimensions of the text.

The current research aims to identify the extent of the availability of educational devices at the university and to reveal the reality of university teaching staff’s use of educational aids. The research also aims to identify the difficulties of using these educational devices and aids. The research community or population consists of 2180 male and female teachers at Salahaddin University - Erbil. The research community was chosen A random sample consisting of 105 faculty members was chosen. Those were specializing in psychology and teaching methods in 3 colleges, namely College of Education, College of Arts, and College of Basic Education. The scale of Qadi (2007) was relied upon, which consists of 4 domains and 44 items. The apparent validity of the scale was verified by presenting it to a group of 7 experts and arbitrators. The reliability of the scale was 0.82. The scale was then applied to the selected sample and appropriate statistical methods were applied to the data to extract the results. The results showed the university teaching staff’s use of educational media at different levels, as well as the existence of difficulties among university teaching staff in using educational media in general. The lack of training courses for teaching staff on producing and developing educational media ranked first among the difficulties. In light of the results, some recommendations and proposals were presented

The research aims at investigating the effectiveness of utilizing the Role Play strategy in the sixth grade students' achievement in Kurdish grammar. To achieve the objective of the study, a null hypothe have been constructed by the researcher. and they relied on the experimental design, with control and experimental groups by adopting a post-test to the variable academic achievement, the population of the study was limited to the sixth grade basic students for the academic year (2022-2023) of the Directorate of General Education, at schools (kreen and barez), which were chosen intentionally. The research sample was randomly chosen, which consists of (32) students in the experimental group, and (30) students in the control group.The equivalence between two groups was conducted in a number of variables, the researcher prepared one tool, which is the test to measure academic achievement, which consists of (35 questions, extracting the difficulty coefficient, discriminatory strength and the effectiveness of wrong alternatives. Conclusion , providing convincing explanation, proposed solution, the validity and reliability of the tool have been duly confirmed.
After completing the application of the tools. The data has been obtained by using statistical means, by using the (T-Test). Result have been shown that using Role Play strategy in teaching Kurdish grammar subject has positive impact on increasing students’ academic achievement compared to the using traditional teaching metho In the light of the research results, the researcher recommended to concerned authorities, and suggested more future studies to complement the topic.

Perceived institutional hypocrisy is one of the factors that affect employee behavior and the vitality of their conscience. Perceived institutional hypocrisy is the employees' perception of the existence of a contradiction. The research aims to study, identify the level of perceived institutional hypocrisy in a sample as a whole and according to its five dimensions and according to the gender and age variable, and identify the level of vitality of conscience in a sample as a whole. Also, according to the gender and age variable and the relationship between perceived institutional hypocrisy and vitality of conscience in a sample as a whole. The apparent validity and reliability of the two scales were achieved and applied to a random sample of (300). The research reached the results that the research sample suffers from a high level of institutional hypocrisy, and that there are statistically significant differences according to the gender variable in the dimensions and in favor of females so that they suffer more compared to males, and that the sample enjoys a low degree of vitality of conscience and there are differences between the sexes in the levels of vitality of conscience and in favor of females. No statistical differences appeared in vitality of conscience according to the age variable and the relationship between perceived institutional hypocrisy and vitality of conscience was weak

The research includes following aims: To examine the prevalence level of Emotional Processing and Psychological Toughness, and Investigate the differences of the Emotional Processing and Psychological Toughness to variable of (duration of serves), and Examine the association between Emotional Processing and Psychological Toughness, The researcher has chosen the descriptive approach to uniform the nature of the research, The research population is (728) government kindergarten teachers in the General Directorate of Education in Erbil Governorate among (52) kindergartens for the academic year 2023/2024)The research Includes research (200) female teachers, the researcher chosen stratified random method for sample of the research. The researcher adopt the scale (Sanaa, 2021) to measure (Emotional Processing) and the scale (Al-Mukhaimari, 2012) to measure (Psychological Toughness), After collecting data , the researcher reached the following results: The level of Emotional Processing and Psychological Toughness among, and There is difference in the level of Emotional Processing of kindergarten teachers in the Erbil governorate center according to the variable (duration of service) and in favor of years of service (5 years and more), and in Psychological Toughness in favor of years of service (1 year to 2 years), and There is a positive correlation between Emotional Preparation and Psychological Toughness among kindergarten teachers in the Erbil governorate.

The main objective of the research was to know the "level of written writing among sixth grade primary school students", and the researchers selected a sample of (240) male and female students from sixth grade primary school to achieve the goal of the study. The researchers used the correct expressive performance criteria the expressive performance exam was used on the research sample in order to gauge the performance level of sixth grade primary school pupils, and it was discovered that there was a statistically significant difference (at a significance level of 0.05) between the theoretical average of the correction criterion and the average writing scores of sixth grade primary school students after the students' responses were corrected and the data was statistically processed.
 With the findings and conclusions in mind, the researchers suggested the following:
 Adding two lessons per week, one for oral expression and one for written expression, to the number of lessons allocated for teaching expression.
 Focus on (written expression) starting from the primary stage by following an integrated curriculum in the branches of the subject (Arabic language).
 Allowing students to choose expressive lesson topics that are personal to them and compatible with their interests.

The Research contains basic rules for Civilization ' s fall, within Quran ' s point of view, The Research is considered as part of History ' s philosophy The Researcher dependded upon thoughts of Holy Quran Explainers, now and elderly. Sometimes be explains the Verse ( Aya ) _ within the modern life standards , which shows the greatness of Holy Quran The Research included Preface about civilization ; Definition of civilization Aspects of civilization , Reasons of civilization ' s fall in Holy Quran Falsification of Reformers and ignoring thern Mutiny of leaders against thinkets , Injustice in selling ss buying , Loose of good morals , Oppression , usatisfaction luxury changing of facts , Neglecting of mail principles , Guilts Ostering of good people out of land ;
Leaving he divine rules, kings tyranny atheism, lechery adornment, arrogance, danism Moreover, this study is considered as an ethic program and a constitution for life on the level of individuals and groups for keeping comfortable living The Research included also tentioning of more than sixty personalities with their death dates in Hijra Vs Christ, The Research depended Upon about seventy rwferences

The current research aims to identify the innovations of the self-questioning strategy in the achievement of female students of the fourth literary grade in the subject of the history of Arab-Islamic civilization. The research was limited to female students of Jerusalem Preparatory School for the fourth literary grade, the preparatory stage in Diyala Province, Baqubah District, the Sabahiya Academic Center for Classical Dance 2023/2024, as the number of female research students reached Subjective (46) students were divided into two equal groups, choosing the experimental group according to the strategic questions The control group was studied and the normality was explained. The research asked to obtain a research tool consisting of (30) and it was proven true and reliable. The researcher examined the test on an exploratory view of (30) female students and after applying the research tool beforehand and afterward on two experimental and control lectures, examining the data and examining the statistical results. There is a statistically significant difference between the average of the experimental group that used the self-questioning strategy. Also, the results show that there is a statistically significant difference between the average of the experimental group that learned and knew the normal approach in entrance achievement.

This research focuses on studying the Global Positioning System by clarifying the reasons that led to its emergence, in addition to studying its concept and its importance in geographical research through the vast information it provides through which geographical studies seek to establish the pillars of their studies with very high accuracy. It was also addressed to Its three components are the space unit, the main control unit, and the ground receiver unit in detail, and a study of the uses of the system, as the Global Positioning System has multiple uses that serve geographic research by entering its spatial location data into the Geographic Information Systems program For the purpose of marking various ground points on maps with great ease and ease, this is done either by recalling them through the Excel program or entering the points directly to know the locations of various points on the ground to study their geographical distribution or to know the pattern of that distribution and the extent of its efficiency, and this is done according to the desire of the researcher.

This study aimed to determine the relationship between inferiority complex and educational methods among kindergarten students at the University of Sulaimani. To achieve this goal, the researcher used the (analytical description) method appropriate to the content of the study. The research community consists of 220 female students from kindergarten. The study sample includes first and third year students, first year (62) students, and third year (47) students. The research tool is a survey form consisting of 44 paragraphs, 22 paragraphs of which relate to the first variable (inferiority complex) and 22 paragraphs relate to the second variable (educational methods). The statistical tools include computational means to extract validity, and two-sample tests to determine the difference between two variables. Finally, it was found that there is an inferiority complex among kindergarten students, which means that the development of this mental problem is directly related to educational methods.

The current study aims at the concept of psychological immunity in psychology, which is one of the positive concepts that maintain the student's balance between him and his environment and social support. "It is one of the preventive processes that mean the ability of the athlete to overcome stressful situations and that immunity protects him from the emergence of other conditions such as blood pressure, sugar, depression, collapse and others in addition to the continuous destruction of the capabilities of society and its property, and the research problem was characterized by weak psychological immunity generates a great danger to the health of the student and his balance as threatening his being because of the resulting negatives such as weak ability to adapt and low level of performance and motivation to study and a sense of academic exhaustion and one of the objectives of the current research is to identify psychological immunity And social support among students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences - University of Diyala The research community and its sample, which numbered (235) male and female students, as the research sample was represented by (5) people only students, and they were randomly selected by lottery, and thus the sample adopted in the research for students is (174) students, as their percentage of the sample was (74.04%) of the original community, while the sample of the exploratory experiment was (24) students selected by lot from all student divisions, as their percentage was (13.79%), After reviewing a number of available scales, the researchers relied on the psychological immunity scale of (Osama Abboud Khudair, 2016) and the social support scale of (Nadia Muhammad Razouki, 2013).

This study investigated the correlation between logical-mathematical intelligence and self-regulation among 37 university students (male and female) from Duhok University's Mathematics Department. Logical-mathematical intelligence was assessed using a 16-item multiple-choice test (Abdul-Ameer & Pasha, 2018), and self-regulation was measured using a 40-item scale (Gargari, 2023) with an "always," "sometimes," "rarely" response format. The test and scale demonstrated acceptable reliability (0.77 and 0.82, respectively). Data analysis, employing a single-sample t-test and Pearson's correlation coefficient, revealed that the sample exhibited low logical-mathematical intelligence but a moderate level of self-regulation. A weak correlation was found between the two constructs. The study concludes with recommendations and suggestions for future research.

The phenomenon of intellectual invasion is not the result of the hour, but rather extends over hundreds of years. If it goes back to the apparent level, we would find it. In the era of the Prophet, it goes back to the days of prophecy. Since the dawn of Islam, Muhammad, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, lusted for soothsayers and magicians, and the Messenger, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, was based on what he saw from his people, giving them advice. In the civil era, the Jews confronted the Arab Muslims with different colors and various means of machinations, and they used the alien method of intellectual invasion represented by hypocrisy.

The study aimed to analyze the voting system in the Security Council to resolve disputes affecting international peace and security towards the Syrian crisis during the period (2011-2023), and to clarify the nature of the Council’s powers in maintaining international security, and to identify the dimensions of the conflict between international powers and their impact on its role in Syria. In order to answer the study’s questions, the study will use the descriptive analytical approach and the legal approach. The study shows that political interests have a great impact on the Council’s role in resolving international crises, including the Syrian crisis, which works to use the veto right to achieve its interests in Syria, and that the limited role of the Security Council in addressing the issues presented to it is clearly embodied in the Syrian crisis. How can it be reasonable for the Security Council to be unable to resolve this crisis for more than a decade, if it actually has the ability and capacity to end international armed crises and conflicts? The Syrian crisis and how the Security Council dealt with it made many expect this crisis to continue indefinitely. Based on the results of the study, it recommends that the criteria and controls by which countries are selected for membership in the Security Council should be reformulated, such that the number of seats in the Security Council be twenty.

Persuasion is the act by which a side tries to convince or influence another to adopt certain idea or attitude as their core belief system. Persuasion is an effective act that reflects on the life of individuals and on communities in general as it works on modifying and changing thoughts and feelings. Social media seems to be introducing a lot of persuasive contents. Short motivational videos are some of the most trending contents of those kinds on social media. This study randomly selects number of such videos(eight), specifically the ones which tackle the theme of success and how to be successful. The study aims at examining the stylistic means and devices of persuasion in those videos. It specifically seeks to answer the following questions: (i) what are the main rhetorical persuasive appeals used in those videos and which one of them is most commonly used? (ii) Which persuasive devices, among those introduced by Bueuer and Napthine (2008), are more commonly utilized than the others? And (iii) what purposes does each variety of persuasive style serve?

Dhi Qar Governorate has recently begun to suffer from the consequences of climate change, especially the water deficit, the effects of which have appeared clearly on the various aspects of life in maintaining the economic, social and even cultural levels, because water enters into the various details and details of human life on the surface of the Earth, and Iraq is one of Within the global system affected by climate change, especially water scarcity, the volume of water imported into Iraq decreased, recording (31.24 billion/m3) during the year 2021 after it was (49.67 billion/m3) in the year 2020, which led to forced migration. To move large numbers of the population from their areas to other new areas, especially from agricultural areas and marshland areas, and cities are one of the targeted areas for displacement, the Ministry of Immigration and Displacement in Iraq / Dhi Qar Branch recorded the displacement of (8,498 families) due to the crisis of desertification and drought, and this portends an environmental and humanitarian catastrophe for the people. Both the lack of a safe environment and sufficient sources of livelihood for the population results in a group of other problems associated with it, including the spread of diseases, epidemics, and tribal conflicts, as is happening now in the marshland areas, the conflict over environmental resources.

The paper involves the discussion of several particular concepts related to the sociopragmatic competence of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students of Diyala University. The quantitative research methodology was applied with the purpose of collecting data within the study and questionnaires were chosen to be the main tools for gathering data. A sample of 280 These analyses include demographic information, descriptive statistics, t-tests, and ANOVA tests in a bid to explore the sociopragmatic competence across the different genders and academic years. This research presented findings that depicted the sociopragmatic competence as moderate with significant differences regarding gender and academic progression. The female students were found to be more competent than their male counterparts, and the increase in sociopragmatic skills was progressive as the students passed from one year to another in the academically preparing years. This means that cultural sensitivity should form part and parcel of language education, and that the sociopragmatic competence has an impact on the acquisition of language. The findings of this study will contribute to the body of knowledge concerning EFL education with a focus on directed pedagogy for sociopragmatic competence.

The current research aims to investigate the lecturers' and students' points of view on team teaching strategies in the faculty of education at Soran University. The targeted population of this study includes all lecturers in the faculty of education at Soran University. The samples were chosen purposely from the faculty of education at Soran University, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. The number of lecturers in the sample was (29), and the number of students was (315). To achieve the objectives of the research, two Likert-scale questionnaire survey designs were used as research tools for data collection, each of them consisting of (30) items. Furthermore, face validity and test-retest reliability were conducted for the research tools. After obtaining data from the questionnaires, a descriptive and inferential statistical analysis, such as a two-sample t-test was used. The results of the research have revealed that there is no difference between humanitarian and scientific lecturers' viewpoints about team-teaching strategies. Besides, there is no difference between male and female lecturers' points of view about the effects of team-teaching methods. However, there are differences between the viewpoints of male and female students about team teaching, and male students tend to be more interested in team teaching than female students. Based on the results, the researchers have several recommendations for lecturers and the faculty of education. In conclusion, several further studies have been suggested in the same field.

Colleen Hoover’s It Ends with Us became a New York Times bestseller due to its sensitive topic. Most of the available literature explores domestic violence in the novel, with some articles focusing on the character of the protagonist Lily. However, there are no studies on Ryle, the abuser who despite his toxicity was oddly romanticized by many readers. Therefore, this paper addresses this gap by examining the appeal of Ryle’s character. Drawing insights from Richard Keen, Monica L. McCoy, and Elizabeth Powell's study Rooting for the Bad Guy: Psychological Perspective (2012) as it offers useful observations into analyzing the reasons behind the attraction towards bad guys like Ryle. It has been concluded that Hoover’s characterization method leads readers to romanticize Ryle. That is due to many factors such as fundamental attribution error, mere exposure affect, schemas, and fulfilling hidden aggressive tendencies which make readers externalize Ryle’s bad behavior.

Current research aims to achieve research Objective and hypothesis through identify the significancy and non-significant difference between pre-test, post-test and follow-up post-test for both scales (stress, psychological happiness) before applying the laughter yoga program on (15) participants of the experimental group, and after the program applied. Laughter yoga program has been prepared by the researchers depended on literature. For the stress scale (Cohen et al; 2004-13 items), and for the psychological happiness scale (Hills & Argyle ,2002- 28 items) has been used. For sure the validity and reliability of scales were verified. Then, the two scales as pre-test were applied on the participants of the experimental group, and the program was applied, then post-test was achieved, then the data processing by using (Spss). the results showed: The laughter yoga program is effectiveness to decreases stress and increased the psychological happiness. The study has presented some recommendations and suggestions.

The English poet John Keats first coined the term "negative capability" in a letter he wrote to his brothers George and Tom in 1817. It refers to a writer's capability, "which Shakespeare possessed so enormously," to endure "uncertainties, mysteries, doubts, without any irritable reaching after fact and reason."
The notion of negative capability refers to the ability to exist inside the realm of mystery or to cope with unanswered concerns. It accepts this incomplete knowledge and encourages a deliberate suspension of disbelief in order to foster curiosity and receptivity toward a larger, more imaginative narrative. As a result, Rowling spends time explaining many things in her universe, where many other features of the world remain mysterious, such as the origins of magic or the method by which a Muggle-born kid acquires the wizard genes.
The achievable benefit of this study is that it expands the reader's and researcher's comprehension of the ideas and possibilities of a literary work from a negative standpoint by asking them to trust the author that the entire narrative can still be told even in the absence of complete knowledge about every detail of the story’s environment.

Conversation is an act in which two or more interlocutors take turns. Each one of them speak at a time; hence the act is not something arbitrarily done. However, there might happen some problems when certain interlocutor competes for taking the turn. Conversely, the interlocutor may contribute in some way to the conversation's success and continuance. They assist and facilitate the speaker's speech by employing backchannels.
The current study aims to investigate and analyze backchannels used in the conversation of native speakers (celebrities). The purpose of this study is to look at how different genders employ this language phenomena. To achieve this goal, the researcher looks at a few chosen interviews with famous actors, fashion designers, and politicians. The results reveal that females tend to use backchannels more frequently than males do. Also, the use of verbal backchannels is proved to be more frequent than that of non-verbal.