journal of Islamic science college

This study addresses the topic of “The Intellectual Foundations of the Revival of Preachers in the Twentieth Century” by examining the approaches of three of the most prominent figures of modern Islamic daʿwa: Imām Ḥasan al-Bannā, ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz ibn Bāz, and Abū al-Ḥasan al-Nadwī. The research aims to analyze the intellectual foundations upon which each preacher based his reformist project, as well as the impact of these foundations on shaping their daʿwa initiatives. It further explores the methods and means they employed in conveying the message of Islam to diverse segments of the Muslim community. The study is divided into three main sections: defining the key concepts in the title; outlining the methodology of each preacher individually; identifying their shared foundations; and analyzing the methods they employed in daʿwa, followed by an extended conclusion highlighting the main findings and recommendations. The research concludes that these three preachers shared solid foundations, most notably: full reliance on the Qur’an and Sunnah as primary sources, the centrality of the individual in nation-building, gradualism in reform, and resistance to intellectual and innovative deviations. It also reveals their distinct ability to integrate authenticity with modernity, reason with emotion, and steadfastness with openness—qualities that rendered their daʿwa effective and influential in the life of the Muslim ummah. Studying their contributions underscores the importance of methodological thought in daʿwa work and highlights the urgent need to draw inspiration from their models in today’s context in order to revive a renewed Islamic reformist project.

A number of scholars and researchers have attempted to define the concept of ʿudūl (syntactic deviation). It has been described as a shift or departure from the familiar norms, values, or patterns of behavior, manifested in every stylistic transformation or unexpected deviation from the conventional patterns of language. It may also be defined as a departure from the ordinary or customary linguistic form toward a more artistic or distinctive mode of expression. The meaning of ʿudūl in these definitions revolves around the idea that creative expression departs from established conventions and linguistic rules recognized by Arabic scholars across various levels. Such deviation emerges as the result of an intentional aesthetic purpose that the author seeks to convey.

This study aims to explore and examine the objectives of social legislation in the Qur’an pertaining to women. It addresses various Qur’anic rulings and injunctions that seek to strengthen the role of women in society, safeguard their rights, and protect them from injustice and exploitation. The research further provides an in-depth analysis of these rulings from the perspective of maqāṣid al-sharīʿa (the higher objectives of Islamic law), which include preserving women’s dignity, ensuring social justice, and promoting gender equity. It also investigates how the Qur’an establishes a balance between women’s rights and responsibilities, and how these legislations align with the needs of the modern age. By analyzing religious texts alongside their historical and social contexts, the study offers a comprehensive understanding of the role of women in Islam and illustrates how these legislations can contribute to enhancing the status of women in contemporary societies.

This study examines the employment of grammatical evidence (al-shāhid al-naḥwī) by Shihāb al-Dīn al-Ramlī (d. 957 AH) in the chapter on al-Ibtidāʾ. Al-Ramlī utilized a variety of evidences, including Qur’anic verses, poetic citations, and proverbs, to substantiate grammatical issues in his commentary on al-Ājurrūmiyya. The research presents the concept of al-shāhid both linguistically and terminologically, explores al-Ramlī’s life and its influence on his grammatical orientations, and discusses the definitions of al-mubtadaʾ and al-khabar along with the views of grammarians on this subject. It also addresses selected grammatical issues such as the occurrence of al-mubtadaʾ as a verbal noun clause (maṣdar muʾawwal), the multiplicity of predicates without conjunction, obligatory preposing of the predicate, and the permissibility of the indefinite subject. The main objective of this research is to clarify how al-Ramlī employed grammatical evidence related to al-Ibtidāʾ, thereby contributing to a deeper understanding of his views in this area.

This study aims to clarify the concept of blocking the means (sadd al-dhara’i) and its role in realizing the higher objectives of Islamic law (maqāṣid al-sharīʿa), through an examination of applied models drawn from Islamic jurisprudence. The research demonstrates how sadd al-dhara’i functions as a preventive mechanism to avert corruption and safeguard public interests, particularly in the domains of transactions and penal rulings. It also reviews examples of legal judgments that have relied upon this principle to ensure justice and promote the common good. Accordingly, I have undertaken this study in order to highlight the impact of sadd al-dhara’i on preserving the objectives of Islamic law, limiting the discussion to selected applied models, given the constraints of scope and space.

The study demonstrates that Islam has successfully achieved the desired form of security through both tangible and intangible, carefully devised means. Security in Islam constitutes an integral part of the Muslim individual’s way of life, and the system does not permit anyone to disrupt order, incite chaos, or undermine the foundations of safety within the Muslim community. The research also highlights that Islam guarantees social rights and provides genuine safeguards that enable individuals to fulfill their roles freely, without fear or hindrance. The significance of the study lies in the fact that one of the primary causes of migration, both historically and in contemporary times, has been the pursuit of livelihood and the search for means of sustenance. Rural-to-urban migration, in particular, represents one of the most critical phenomena from both social and economic perspectives. Furthermore, the study confirms that the emigration of skilled professionals has resulted in a shortage of qualified human resources essential for advancing economic and social development. It has also contributed to declining educational standards due to the reduction in the number of qualified personnel, in addition to various other adverse impacts and negative consequences. The research concludes that migration, in its general sense, refers to leaving one’s homeland to settle in another country, whether for specific reasons or pressing needs. The underlying causes of migration are often tied to individuals’ circumstances and their choice to endure estrangement and leave their native land.

(Phobia) is defined as abnormal and unjustified fears that may hinder the individual from carrying out his daily work and activities. Since the target group for the current research are university students, specifically students of the College of Basic Education, due to their importance in society through being teachers of the new generation, the current research aimed to identify the most common pathological fears among university students, and their relationship to the gender variable (males and females), and to the specialization variable (scientific, humanities). The research consisted of four chapters. The first chapter contained the research objectives, problem, and importance, in addition to its limits and definition of its terms. The second chapter included the theoretical framework and literature related to the research topic. The third chapter included the research methodology and procedures, how to select its sample, and process its data. The research community consisted of male and female students of the College of Basic Education, numbering (2254), where the number of males was (475) and the number of females was (1779) for the academic year (2023-2024). The research sample consisted of (254) male and female students who were selected using the random stratified method, with a percentage of (40%) males from the original community and females at a percentage of (60%). In order to achieve the research objectives, the researchers prepared a scale consisting of (36) paragraphs. After extracting the stability using the split-half method at a rate of (0.84) and the Cronbach's alpha method (0.89), the moderate distribution was extracted for the research sample with a moderateness because the value of the (Kolmo Croff) test is higher than (0.05) and is not significant, and using the arithmetic means, the arithmetic mean, the standard deviation, the hypothetical mean, and the t-value for the single sample and the two independent samples. The results showed that the research sample enjoys a low level of pathological fears. It also showed the presence of statistically significant differences between the sexes in favor of females, as well as the absence of statistically significant differences between the scientific and human departments. In light of the results, the researchers recommended benefiting from the scale paragraphs for admission to certain colleges such as medical or engineering specialties, while they suggested conducting a similar study for the rest of the colleges at the University of Sulaimani.

The concept of homeland is one of the pivotal notions in the framework of human thought, given its implications and consequences for relations among nations and peoples. A debate has arisen within religious circles as to whether there exists a contradiction between emotional attachment to one’s homeland and the Sharʿī position toward it. Figures such as Muḥammad Saʿīd al-ʿAshmāwī (1932–2013) argued that such a contradiction does exist, claiming that adherence to the Sharʿī stance necessarily undermines national loyalty. This, however, has been refuted by the religious current, which maintains that the Sharʿī position does not stand in opposition to patriotic loyalty. According to this view, there is no contradiction or dialectic between the two, as both are rooted in the same source: the sound human disposition (fiṭra), as indicated by the Qur’ānic verse: “[Adhere to] the fiṭra of Allah upon which He has created [all] people. Let there be no change in the creation of Allah. That is the correct religion” (Q 30:30). Nevertheless, the Sharʿī stance may indeed conflict with national loyalty when the latter exceeds the bounds of moderation and balance. The divine purpose behind the diversity of nations and tribes is mutual recognition, not alienation or hostility. This is underscored by the Qur’ānic declaration: “O mankind, We have created you from a male and a female and made you peoples and tribes that you may know one another. Indeed, the most noble of you in the sight of Allah is the most righteous of you” (Q 49:13).

Etiquette of interaction is essential in every society, as its effects extend to encompass human relationships. When people interact with kindness and respect, this generates trust and establishes a solid foundation for healthy relations. The aim of this research is to enhance communication skills through more active engagement and effective expression, by adhering to the principles of etiquette in interpersonal dealings. Forgiveness and tolerance encourage open dialogue, empathy, and understanding, which in turn lead to more meaningful and harmonious interactions. The prophets (peace be upon them) were the best of God’s creation, and believers are called to follow their example. This study, entitled Etiquette of Interaction and Its Impact in Islamic Thought: The Prophets Moses (peace be upon him) and Muḥammad (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) as Models, is structured into three sections preceded by an introduction and followed by a conclusion:

Angels are wondrous unseen beings with subtle, luminous bodies. They are not easily perceived, nor is it simple to converse with them or for them to converse with human beings, though such interaction is possible. The functions with which angels are entrusted are of two broad categories: exalted tasks, which pertain to realms beyond the lowest heaven and are exceedingly numerous, and tasks related to the worldly domain, which likewise encompass many diverse responsibilities. All of these functions are carried out in accordance with the divine decree, command, and wisdom of God Almighty.

All praise is due to Allah, Lord of the worlds, and may peace and blessings be upon the Master of the Messengers. This study, entitled “The Juridical Preferences of Imam Sirāj al-Dīn al-Ūshī in his Work al-Fatāwā al-Sirājiyya: The Book of Purification”, aims to identify the legal preferences of Imam Sirāj al-Dīn and to examine the jurisprudential opinions he favored through a thorough investigation of his work. The study begins with a brief account of the Imam’s life, followed by the presentation of his legal texts, which are then compared with the views of other jurists. Each opinion is analyzed alongside its supporting evidence, after which I present the view that I consider to be closest to the truth. Through this research, I have clarified the positions favored by Imam Sirāj al-Dīn (may Allah have mercy on him), highlighted his madhhab and his juristic reasoning, and demonstrated the significance of engaging with classical works and manuscripts. Such studies are of great importance for students of knowledge, as they yield substantial benefits and scholarly insights.

This study addresses an aspect of the life’s challenges we face, focusing on the role of preachers in addressing psychological defeats among the audience. Preachers are well versed in these issues and are most capable of addressing them. The topic’s importance stems from its reliance on the Qur’an and the Sunnah to tackle contemporary issues and find appropriate solutions, transitioning individuals from the darkness of psychological defeat to the light of inner happiness and a good life. This approach, grounded in divine guidance, underscores the relevance of Islâmic Shari’a for all times and places, its flexibility, and the evolution of da'wah (Islâmic propagation) objectives and innovative methods that characterize Islâmic preaching, helping the ummah (community) in its crises. The study highlights the significance of the human psyche in Islâmic da'wah, aiming to shed light on the preachers’ approach to confronting psychological defeats among the audience, moving them from bad to good and from good to better. It also outlines some appropriate da'wah methods to address psychological defeats and provides some results and recommendations related to the study

Diminishing Musharakah is one of the contemporary Islamic finance contracts. It is based on the principle of the financier partnering with the client in owning a specific asset, with the financier’s share gradually decreasing in favor of the client until the client eventually owns the asset in full. This contract combines the principles of partnership and financing, aiming to provide a Shariah-compliant alternative that aligns with Islamic legal rulings while also meeting the needs of the modern Islamic financial market. This study explores the definition and nature of the diminishing partnership contract and discusses its jurisprudential classification—whether as a co-ownership (Shirkah al-Milk) or a composite contractual arrangement. It also examines the Shariah ruling on the contract and highlights the key jurisprudential issues it raises, particularly the binding nature of promises made by either party, and the ruling on the client’s commitment to purchase the financier’s share at face value. Furthermore, the research reviews practical applications of diminishing partnerships in Islamic finance, emphasizing their effectiveness as a financing tool when implemented in accordance with Shariah regulations that safeguard the rights of all parties and prevent prohibited practices such as riba (usury) and gharar (uncertainty). The study concludes that the diminishing partnership is permissible under Islamic law, provided that Shariah-compliant conditions and guidelines are strictly observed. It emphasizes the importance of distinguishing between contractual partnerships and co-ownership structures when establishing a diminishing partnership, as the contract seeks to reconcile Shariah principles with contemporary economic demands.

This research is titled (Exceptional Effects of a Void Contract: A comparative jurisprudential study، with an explanation of the position of the Saudi Civil Transactions system). The researcher addressed in it the exceptional effects resulting from a void contract. She studied them in a comparative jurisprudential study with an explanation of the position of the Saudi Civil Transactions System. She adopted the deductive-analytical–inductive method as she reviewed the topic and analyzed the information to evaluate its validity، then she examined and investigated the evidence. The research is divided into an introduction and two topics. Topic One: Defines the terminology of the title. It includes three themes. The First: The meaning of exceptional effects. The Second: The concept of the contract. The Third: The concept of void and invalid contracts. Topic Two: The exceptional effects of the void contract. It includes three themes. The First: Entitlement to the dowry، obligation of the waiting period، and confirmation of lineage. The Second: The invalidity of a part of the contract. The switch to another valid contract. Then، the researcher concluded the research with key results and a list of the most important references and an index of the topics. The significant results are as follows: 1. The invalid and void are synonymous according to the majority of Muslim scholars; the void and invalid contracts are synonymous terms، each used in contrast to the valid one. A contract، that at is duly signed and complete with all its elements and conditions، is valid and effective، and its effects are legally binding. But if it is void of any of its elements or conditions، it will not produce any legal effect. 2. A void contract، even if it has no legal existence، has a tangible presence. And if it does not produce an effect as a legal act، it produces it as a material fact. Some Muslim Scholars have arranged certain exceptional effects to the contract، despite its invalidity، to protect the apparent situation and maintain the stability of transactions.

This study explores the concept of submission to the Divine Decree of Allah through the experiences of four noble prophets. Submission is regarded as one of the greatest educational values, nurturing the soul in obedience, patience, and complete trust in Allah Almighty, while strengthening faith in times of trials and hardships. The research begins with the account of Prophet Noah (peace be upon him), who endured the rejection of his people yet persisted in his call until he entrusted his affair to Allah, Who answered his plea, saved him, and destroyed the disbelievers. His submission became the cause of his deliverance and elevated status. It then examines the story of Prophet Abraham (peace be upon him), who faced the ordeal of being cast into the fire but remained steadfast without fear. Next, it discusses Prophet Ishmael (peace be upon him), who embodied the peak of submission when he prepared to be sacrificed in obedience to Allah’s command, thus presenting a unique model of obedience, sacrifice, and acceptance of Divine Decree. The study further turns to the account of Prophet Jonah (peace be upon him), who, when swallowed by the whale, repented and resorted to Allah with glorification and supplication, fully surrendering to His will. Allah responded to him and delivered him, underscoring the significance of remembrance and turning to Allah in times of hardship. Finally, the research addresses the role of supplication and glorification, emphasizing that only Allah—possessor of sovereignty and treasures of the heavens and earth—is worthy of invocation and praise. The findings conclude that supplication and glorification are among the noblest forms of worship that draw a believer closer to Allah, provided they are offered with sincerity, proper conditions, and at virtuous times and places. Such practices are among the most effective means for the acceptance of prayers, leading to success and prosperity in both this world and the Hereafter. The study ultimately affirms that submission to the Divine Decree, along with supplication and glorification, cultivates patience and strengthens the believer’s resilience.

Main Research Idea: This study aims to clarify the objectives that can reveal dealing with the components of the environment and those objectives inferred from the texts related to the questions. The importance of the research lies in revealing the habitat on which behavior lives for harsh behaviors intended to achieve an interest, and those behaviors have undesirable consequences, so those behaviors need to be viewed through the window of objectives; for the current situation and the future. The research problem that is committed to answering is represented in clarifying the registered and legal limits in dealing with small components, through the spring of texts, with the intention of reaching their objective dimensions and their observed rules, to apply them to contemporary realities. The research aims to attempt to reach the objectives in dealing with the fine components, and then establish legal controls, legally legally, to apply them to the proactive and research methodology that draws, according to the study, between description, readers and analysis. Among the most prominent results reached by the study: Every right is sufficient in its state or its outcome to destroy a component of the environment or redeem something from it because it is forbidden by Sharia. Among the most prominent elements emphasized by the study: Every right upon the rich, whether countries or individuals, to develop land with what is beneficial to them and indispensable, such as houses, walls, mosques, hospitals, and educational forums.

This study examines the issue of withholding the salaries of public employees in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq during the period 2015–2021, a measure adopted in response to monetary policy crises. Under the label of “mandatory savings,” a portion of employees’ salaries was deducted compulsorily and redirected for specific purposes. The research investigates the jurisprudential and legal characterization of this measure: is it considered an unlawful usurpation (ghaṣb) or a legitimate debt? The study concludes that deducting salaries without the employee’s consent and without valid legal or Sharīʿa justification constitutes ghaṣb, obligating the government to return or repay the withheld funds to their rightful owners. However, if the deduction occurs with the employee’s consent and with a guaranteed repayment, it may be classified as a legitimate debt in Islamic law. From a legal standpoint, mandatory savings are inconsistent with Iraqi legislation, particularly the Labor Law and the Civil Service Law, as they were imposed without statutory basis or employee approval. This constitutes a violation of employees’ financial rights and welfare. Indeed, some administrative courts have annulled such decisions on the grounds of procedural and substantive irregularities. The study ultimately emphasizes that deducting salaries without employee consent or explicit legal authorization is impermissible both in Islamic jurisprudence and in Iraqi law, and it places full responsibility for the withheld amounts on the government. It concludes with a call for safeguarding employees’ financial rights and ensuring governmental compliance with them.

The word "bahr; sea" is mentioned in numerous places in the Holy Quran, singularly, dually, and plural. It appears in the dual form, "al-bahrain" (the two seas), in four places, other than the one mentioned in Surat Al-Kahf, in the story of Moses and Al-Khidr. Some commentators, when interpreting this word, have stated that it refers to the sea of the sky and the sea of the earth. This research aims to uncover the interpretations of commentators regarding the meaning of the word "Bahrain" in the aforementioned places, and to clarify which of them is more plausible. It also aims to answer this question: Does the sea of the sky exist or not? The researcher has relied on two types of methods in this research. The inductive and analytical approaches are used. The most prominent results are: The seas are among the cosmic signs, demonstrating precision, creativity, and amazing coordination, demonstrating the existence of the Creator and Planner God, as well as His tremendous power and dazzling greatness. Among the manifestations of this power in the creation of seas and rivers are the invisible barriers that separate the two salty seas, or the salty and fresh, so that one does not overwhelm the other. The question of the existence of the heavenly sea or its nonexistence is a matter of controversy among commentators, some of whom have affirmed and favored its existence, while others have denied it. It is impossible to determine the truth of this issue due to the lack of an explicit text on it in the Qur'an or authentic Sunnah.

This study aims to shed light on the cultural patterns reflected in the poetry of Ibn Shuhayd al-Andalusī. Cultural patterns are among the modern critical concepts that seek to elicit meanings from poetic texts in order to uncover broader cultural contents within the poetic context. This theory assumes that the creative text encompasses a number of patterns, both explicit and implicit, which arise from a general cultural reservoir deeply rooted in collective consciousness and shaped by the accumulated cultures of previous generations up to the generation that produced the text.

The Qur’an is the final divine revelation sent down to the Prophet Muḥammad as guidance for all humanity, a source of legislation, a constitution for life, and an everlasting miracle immune to distortion or alteration. It is distinguished by its eloquence, linguistic, legal, and scientific inimitability, combining spiritual guidance and moral values with legislation that regulates the affairs of both the individual and society