journal of kufa studies center

The present research seeks to reveal the impact of servant leadership in its dimensions (emotional feelings, empowerment, vision, humility, trust) in the private colleges in the governorates of the Middle Euphrates (Karbala, Najaf, Babil, and Al-Qadisiyah), on organizational commitment in its dimensions (commitment to the teaching profession, commitment to teaching, commitment to the work team, commitment to the university) and in order to achieve the goal of the research, it was applied to a sample of faculty members in the private colleges of the Middle Euphrates governorates, and (300) forms were distributed and retrieved. The number of colleges researched reached (13) colleges, and the researchers used a set of statistical methods within the (SPSS) program, including the statistical ones, the most prominent of which are represented by arithmetic mean, standard deviation, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, simple linear regression equation and multiple regression equation. The research found that there is a statistically significant correlation and impact relationship between servant leadership and organizational commitment. Conclusions and recommendations.

The research sought to study issues related to verbs and prepositions in Ibn Malik's book Evidence of Clarification and Correction, and these issues are: the association of a news that is almost with (that), the negation of the verb "and", the procedure of (counting) the course of conjecture, the procedure of the visual (see) of the course of the heart in combining the pronouns of the subject and the object into one name, the procedure of saying the course of conjecture, the contradiction of two common things in the action and the implementation of the second of them, the coming of the object with it after the pronoun that is adjective, and the occurrence of the excluded with (except) instead of the excluded with the difference of their sexes. The issues of this The section was the subject of agreement between the grammarians and Ibn Malik .

We should be careful not to circumvent Allah (swt), as the people of the Sabbath did, for their apparent actions are halal until the inside of it is haraam, so circumvention by analyzing what Allah has forbidden and forbidding what Allah (swt) has permitted is more severe than just committing haraam, because this will become Sunnah and some of the people who are weak in souls will follow them in what they have done, and they will bear burdens with their burdens. The existence of a group that enjoins the good and forbids the evil is a gain for every society, as it is with them that innovations die, the conditions are reformed, and the sanctity is protected, but the group that refuses to advise and reform the affairs of others, believing that they will not be able to reform the universe or change the condition of people, and that advice will not work with the aggressor group, because this group, although they are good in themselves, are negative towards others.

Iraq lived through harsh and painful decades under the rule of the Baath Party led by Saddam Hussein, and there were no features of any democratic or even semi-democratic system, as the monopoly of power and unilateralism represented the main sign of what Saddam rule was, with the confiscation of the rights and freedoms of the people under the dictatorship that Saddam followed during his rule, and with the succession of years and the wars at the level of human, material and psychological resources, the state seemed to be collapsing socially, so the era of the 1990s constituted a major setback at the level of the decline of science, the saturation of corruption and the increase in poverty In a very big way, people no longer think about anything political or freedoms, and the biggest concern for Iraqi society was how to live its day in light of the lack of opportunities for life, scholars and intellectuals emigrated and clerics and political opponents were executed, but after 2003 came the man who became the role model (Sayyid Ali al-Husseini al-Sistani).

This study aimed to identify (the attitudes of art education teachers towards the method of information processing among students) and the research sample included (15) teachers of theatrical acting, with (13) teachers (2) female teachers, and to achieve the objectives of the research, the researchers built a scale for the attitude of teachers towards higher mental programs, and the honesty and consistency of (the tool) was verified, and its final form consisted of (50) paragraphs that were applied to the research sample, and after collecting and processing the information statistically using the T-test For one sample and Pearson's correlation coefficient , the researchers concluded: The tendencies of theater acting teachers towards the use of information processing method have a high positive level, it was found that the arithmetic average of the sample scores is greater than the standard average of the tool. The researchers came out with a number of recommendations and suggestions.

The issue of proving the marriage contract is one of the important issues at all levels, due to the very important effects it entails in the form of rights and obligations that must be respected, and it is noted that the issue of the necessity of proof at the beginning of the matter lies with one party and not the other, because at the beginning of every dispute or dispute, there is an allegation of contravention of the principle that stipulates the innocence of the person and on those who claim otherwise against him with evidence. We will examine the role of evidence in proving the marriage contract by dividing the research into two topics, the first of which deals with the role of written evidence in proving the marriage contract. The second includes the role of non-written evidence in proving the marriage contract, and a conclusion in which we summarize the most important findings and suggestions.

It is known that the characters carry out the task of moving events in the novel, and they have the greatest impact on the narrative structure because it is one of its main foundations, so (Hassan Faleh) takes care of the selection of the characters of his novels from the womb of society, to work on addressing the issues of society through those characters and their representation of the societal reality, it was evident in the novel (Taxi Crown) and the role of the journalist (Alaa) in it, as he took over the task of investigating a crime committed by the Baath regime in Iraq at the end of the last century by executing a large number of students The universities are called (Sabah), because the security services suspect a person named (Sabah), and in the novel (The Clay Reader), the events centered around (Mohsen Farqah), through which the writer was able to embody the suffering of the people of the south in Iraq, and the Jews in Baghdad, while in the novel (Cameras and Angels), the events revolved around (Mary) in a wonderful world that rises to the sky to see what is behind the events. In "Choban Al-Sadriyah", the events revolved around the musician "Ashur", as he highlighted the suffering of musicians in Iraq, and the collapse of the security situation, and thus the novels of "Hassan Faleh" start from society to society.

Martyr Sayyid Muhammad Baqir Al-Sadr was known for his fiery intellectual model towards the processes of international construction, as he put forward political and economic theories that are consistent with the nature of the critical stage of the Islamic Ummah, as he called for the inspection of the civilizational compound capable of guiding the nation and mobilizing its energies in the battle of general civilizational backwardness and the value system, especially economic backwardness The intellectual advancement, where the Holy Qur'an and the Sunnah were used away from empirical and dialectical doctrines through good governance in the management of the affairs of the parish, and the affirmation of man's ties with his fellow man, and the relationship of man with the earth and nature, its manifestations and results, and the ways that make Islam able to contribute to economic advancement. This is the same crisis that has struck the Iraqi economic reality , as the phenomena of financial and administrative corruption in economic institutions have been strengthened As a result of quotas and foreign dependence, misperception and practical planning, which were reflected in economic structures, causing a collapse in the system of social structures, and the loss of national resources, the unilateral economy failed in the face of the lack of means of production, poor distribution of resources, class inequality, and social competition.

The industry is of great importance in the requirements it provides for daily life, and the various industrial products it provides, as the economic development and urban growth of any region, including the study area, are fundamentally related to industrial development, which is based on the type and nature of the distribution of the industry and its projects. The study focused on showing the most important environmental impacts that accompanied them and what they could accompany in the future, and also focused on determining the center of the problem that the study area suffers from, and to reach this, the adopted criteria were relied on in determining the type of polluting industries and how they can be distributed geographically. It will be uncertain to answer the questions of the research problem, as it is (a large number of large, medium, and small industries are distributed in the study area for the brick industry, some of which have polluting effects on the environment), according to the goal that the study seeks, which includes detecting polluting industries, identifying them geographically, and developing solutions and treatments for them, and in order to achieve this goal of the study, it has been divided into four chapters: The first topic dealt with the theoretical framework of the study based on the foundations adopted in geographical studies in identifying the problem, the hypothesis of the study and its importance, while the second topic consists of the concept of industry and a summary of industrial theories, while the third topic consists firstly of the geographical components of the brick industry in the province, the second is the manufacture of bricks and the third is the geographical distribution of the brick industry, and the fourth topic is dedicated to the study of the environmental effects of the brick industry in Najaf province and its effects on human health and the environment.

Puberty is one of the most important stages of a person's life, and his puberty coincides with the fundamental changes in the body and then the soul, which build his personality in his adulthood. From a medical and psychological point of view, this period of a person's life is the starting point for a person's physical and mental development, which severs his relationship with childhood and leads him to adulthood. In this period, law as a science aims to regulate the social relations of individuals in society. It pays particular attention to legal support and care for adolescents and tries to manage the lives of adolescents in the community in a safe and correct manner through the establishment of preventive systems. For this reason, in the laws of all countries, a certain age is considered as the age of puberty, and individuals can reach this age as long as they have two other conditions, which are mind and majority, and can act independently in society. According to Article 1210 of the Civil Code and Article 81 of the Islamic Penal Code, this age is 9 years for girls and 15 years for boys. This age does not correspond to the social realities of the present time, and the medical results in the current time strongly reject this age for the beginning of puberty, so it is necessary to use the scientific opinions of doctors and psychologists to consider the appropriate age for puberty. The preceding conclusion is that jurists do not agree on a certain age of puberty, and what is on their mind is the appearance of physical and sexual signs and changes. Reaching a certain age is only a sign and a sign of puberty, and it can be proven that the opposite can be proven by evidence.

This study aims to identify the importance of strategic architecture and its impact on promoting organizational health, as a serious attempt to bridge or reduce the knowledge gap in explaining the nature of the relationship between these variables, by surveying the opinions of the target sample in the center of the Najaf Health Department, as this organization is a major artery and one of the most important organizations concerned with community health.
In order to achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher used the descriptive-analytical method to obtain information and relying on the method of field survey through the interview in the format of distributing the study questionnaire, which was distributed to a sample of (52) managers working in the center of the Najaf Health Department. The study population was (60) managers with a response rate of (100%), and the number of questionnaires valid for statistical analysis was (52) questionnaires. The analysis process was conducted based on a number of statistical methods such as SPSS v26 and SPSS programs. (SMART PLS. The study then reached a set of statistical results represented by the existence of a correlation and significant (positive) effect between strategic architecture and organizational health.

These are the free sketches that pupils use as a language that they express by holding a pen or the like on any surface. As for the stage of perception in children's drawings, they communicate the meanings that are mixed in their souls and experiences to those around them, and it means the child's ability to communicate with others. Children use these drawings as a means of adapting to the environment in which they live, and their drawings are a language that expresses emotions about what they like or dislike, and what they yearn for or fear, so we must look at Their drawings are from the perspective of their imagined world in their minds, not from our world, and we accept the child's logic in painting as we accept his ordinary language, his comments, and his games behind him.

The current research aims to identify the extent to which biology teachers in the middle stage have productive thinking, and to identify the differences in their productive thinking according to the variables of gender and experience, the research community was represented by biology teachers in middle schools affiliated to the Directorate of Education of Al-Qadisiyah for the academic year 2020-2021, and the size of the research sample reached (150) teachers of biology and they were randomly selected.
The researchers adopted the descriptive method, and to achieve the objectives of the research, the researchers prepared the research tool, which is represented in the productive thinking test, which in its final form consisted of (26) positions, including (20) positions for the axis of critical thinking, distributed over five main skills, which were classified by (Watson & Glaser: 1981), with (4) positions to know assumptions or axioms, (4) positions for interpretation, (4) positions for evaluating arguments, and (4) attitudes for evaluating arguments, and (4) Positions for deduction and (4) positions for deduction, as for the creative thinking axis, its skills were determined based on the test of Torrance and Sayed Khairallah, which are (fluency, flexibility and originality), where it consists of (6) situations, i.e. for each skill, two attitudes or two phrases to measure the ability to think creatively, and the apparent honesty and constructive honesty of the test were verified, and the discriminating power of the test paragraphs was calculated and the value of the stability coefficient was calculated using the Fackronbach coefficient, which was (0.898). The researchers applied the test in the second semester of the year 2020-2021, and the data was statistically processed and the results showed:
- Having biology teachers in the middle stage for productive thinking .
- Teachers (males) excelled in productive thinking according to the gender variable .
- Excellence of teachers who have service (from 5-10 years) according to the experience variable .
- The interaction of sex with experience was in favor of (male) teachers who had service (from 10-15 years).

Faris Haram is a ninety-ninety Iraqi poet born in 1972 who has two collections: (once) published by the Sharjah Department of Culture and Media in 2004, and the second (To Flip the Idea) published by Dar Al-Rafidain Beirut in (2019), he studied philosophy and obtained a master's degree from the University of Kufa. This research tries to shed light on some abstract phenomena in his poetry and the way of thinking abstractly in the poem, and to reveal some philosophical reflections in the texts. The research is organized on a preface and three axes: The preface was entitled (Thought, Abstraction, Poetry and the Relationship between Them), then the first axis was entitled: (From the Transient Daily to Philosophical Reflection), and the second axis was entitled: (Self and Existence: Adapting Individual to Collective Consciousness), and the third axis was entitled: (Identification with the Unknown).

The city of Granada gave birth to a large number of scientists and poets who contributed to the enrichment of cultural and scientific life, and the activation of the intellectual and creative movement in the countries of Andalusia, the most prominent of whom was Ibn al-Fars al-Granati, as Granada in the sixth century AH was a spacious space for his scientific activity in the fields of jurisprudence, origins, language and interpretation, and a witness to his poetic giving, as most of those who translated his life considered him a printed poet with the ability to act in the arts of poetic speech. Therefore, in this research, we sought to Studying the biography of Ibn al-Fars from his birth until his death, especially with regard to his sheikhs, students, the sources of his culture and his authorial output, and to stand on the most prominent trends in his poetry and his artistic structures. In addition to collecting his poetry that has been mentioned in the books of translations, classes, history, and literature.

The social structure of Rome witnessed a class division among its social groups, this division that depended heavily and on what each category possessed of economic wealth that determines its position in Rome, and the social environment and the stages that the Romans went through determined the character and composition of this society, which went astray to form a unified state and a developed society despite the circumstances it went through, hence the study of this place came to identify the most important features and characteristics that distinguished the Roman society from others. And to identify the most important stages that helped to crystallize his personality and the most important elements that make up that society.
Therefore, the need for the research necessitated the division of it into three topics, the first part of which dealt with a geographical overview of the environment and geographical nature of Rome, as well as the most important inhabitants who settled the Italian peninsula and formed the first building block of it, as well as the most important classes that prevailed in Roman society.
The second part revolves around the importance of the family and its role in Rome, the classes that prevailed in Rome and other cities, and we dealt with general aspects of the life of each class, what are the most important criteria on which the social division in Rome is based, and the role of father, mother, and child in building the social structure. The focus of our study in the third section is the nature of the Roman family day, the nature of daily life, and the most important daily practices that the family lived in Rome.

The research dealt with Quine's theory of logical honesty, which relied in its formulation on grammatical construction and logical construction, investing logical concepts in grammatical construction such as logical connections, variables, and the concept of compensation or gratification, and reaching the realization of truthfulness, while logical honesty is what happens when the logical structure based on the grammatical structure includes the same logical links, and using the concept of substitution without the concept of gratification or compensation, by which a sentence is exchanged for a sentence. The necessity is the product of an honest proposition from an honest proposition necessarily to produce an integrated logical system, in which each proposition is truthful, and the whole system is described as logical truthfulness, and this is the logic for him .

Natural gas has occupied a great importance in the global energy market, since the 1970s, after the occurrence of a series of oil crises, which resulted in a rise in crude oil prices, as well as growing concerns in the oil supply of consuming countries, especially industrial countries, which led most of the countries of the world to move towards the gas industry as one of the sources of fossil energy, as well as the decrease in the volume of gases emitted from it, which reduces the environmental risks resulting from its use, whether in the In the field of energy manufacturing, or in the field of industry, such as the fertilizer industry. Iraq has a huge reserve of natural gas amounting to (3820) billion cubic meters, which constituted about (1.86%) of the global reserves, which gives an opportunity for Iraq to be one of the main players in the natural gas trade, however, we note that the exploitation of natural gas and the degree of its manufacture in Iraq is still below the required level, as the amount of gas burned reached more than 50% of the gas produced for reasons related to technological progress and the policy followed by the Iraqi government, as well as the destruction of infrastructure generated by the wars for the natural gas industry in Iraq.

The policy of the Baathist regime in Iraq had a great impact on the emergence and expansion of the parties and movements opposed to the regime, especially after the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait, the uprising of the Sha'bani uprising, and the repressive methods it practiced with the opposing Iraqi people. The opposition was weak internally, and it was not united, but there were different trends, which weakened its position at home, and at the international level, as well as the Iraqi regime's rejection of any form of opposition, so it treated the opposition parties and movements harshly and brutally, which It has weakened it significantly, not to mention the interference of the role of the neighbor and the international community in the affairs of the opposition.

When dealing with research in the law of armed conflict and international criminal law, it may come to mind at first glance that there is no fundamental difference between them, but when we delve deeper into them, we notice that there is a vast difference between them in terms of their scope, sources, the persons addressed to them, and the rules of their jurisdiction, but this does not prevent the existence of interdependence between them and the influence of one on the other from several answers, so that one develops the rules of the other from this interdependence between them.