Journal of Engineering and Sustainable Development (JEASD)

The research provides a concise overview of numerous biomedical and biomechanics uses for polymer-based materials in medical applications. Polymer-based materials are used to repair or enhance the functionality of tissues or organs damaged or disjointed in the context of implants and medical equipment, thereby enhancing patients’ wellbeing. The critical criterion for selecting the biomaterial is its appropriateness to the body. Polymer-based material must have certain essential characteristics to enable a lengthy-term use. This family of materials, which may execute stimuli-induced active motions, includes shape-changing and shape-memory polymers as examples. Significant interest in the area of biomedicine has developed for these materials over the last 20 years, especially in minimally invasive surgeries. In this regard, the development of novel antimicrobial technologies for biomedical implementations depends heavily on polymeric biomaterials and would continue to do so. This review article focuses on the properties and applications of smart polymers application, biomolecule conjugates of smart polymers on surfaces, and Forms of amart polymeric biomaterials. This article presents an overview of scope of application of the three types of polymeric based materials.

A polarization curve model is developed for carbon steel in an aqueous carbonated solution of piperazine (PZ). This model has been used to generate the polarization curve and control the parameters relevant to the corrosion rate of carbon steel in the PZ-CO2-H2O system. Electrochemical experiments are carried out for carbon steel corrosion measurements at 40 °C and different carbon dioxide partial pressure using potentiodynamic polarization technique. The Vapor-liquid Equilibrium and the electrochemical corrosion models are the two main models used in this study. The electrolyte-NRTL equilibrium model was utilized to calculate the chemical species concentration at the carbon steel-solution interface in the PZ-CO2-H2O system. The findings of speciation were then applied to the generation of polarization curves and the prediction of the corrosion rate of the carbon steel surface. The results of the polarization curves modeling were compared to the experimental curves developed in MatLab software 2013a. Comparing experimental and modeled polarization curves and corrosion rate reveals excellent agreement.

Training a surgeon to be skilled and competent to perform a given surgical procedure is essential in providing a high quality of care and reducing the risk of complications. However, existing training techniques limit us from conducting in-depth analyses of surgical motions to evaluate these skills accurately. We develop a method to identify the gestures by applying unsupervised methods to cluster the surgical activities learned directly from raw kinematic data. We design an unsupervised method to determine the surgical motions in a Suturing procedure based on predefined surgical gestures. The first step is to find the prototypes by clustering the surgemes of the expert surgeon from all the same expert trials. Then, we map the other surgeons surgemes to the nearest representative of the prototypes and report the clustering accuracy by employing the rand index technique. We utilize four techniques in our proposed unsupervised approach for gesture clustering based on Hierarchical and FCM algorithms. In addition, we highlight the advantages of representing time series data before clustering in terms of computation time saving and system complexity reduction, respectively.

Constructed wetlands attracted the attention of researchers as a sustainable, economic and efficient wastewater treatment technique. Many papers showed the efficient performance of constructed wetlands to treat municipal, industrial, livestock, petroleum and other types of wastewater, effectively removing organic matters, phosphate, nitrogen and contaminants of emerging concern such as pharmaceuticals and antibiotics. There have been numerous reviews in the literature that studied nitrogen removal in constructed wetlands from different perspectives. However, the majority are concerned about the conventional nitrification process. It is worth mentioning that some biological nitrogen pathways other than the conventional nitrification process were implemented in constructed wetlands efficiently such as partial nitrification and denitrification, simultaneous nitrification and denitrification, anaerobic ammonium oxidation and completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite which have been reviewed in this study. The outcomes of this study showed that anaerobic ammonium oxidation is the most common pathway applied in constructed wetlands. Moreover, this review showed that the efficient performance of these novel pathways is constrained by the difficulty of controlling the operating parameters such as dissolved oxygen, temperature and pH.

Hybrid photovoltaic/thermal systems have emerged as a key energy technology as a result of the photovoltaic thermal PV/capacity T's to simultaneously produce electrical and thermal energy. Over the last couple of decades, much attention has been paid to photovoltaic–thermal systems due to their benefits over solar thermal and photovoltaic applications. This paper will concentrate on direct contact systems in order to demonstrate the various electrical and thermal features of photovoltaic–thermal systems. The main objective of researchers and manufacturers is to improve photovoltaic/thermal collector efficiency by employing state-of-the-art materials and design concepts and appropriately integrating them into solar modules and thermal absorbers. Additionally, it is important to lower the cost of these systems and increase their market competitiveness. As well as, PV/T systems are critical for supplying electricity in a clean and ecologically beneficial manner.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the direct effect of using a blowing agent of siloxane (1, 1, 3, 3-tetramethydisiloxane) on the thermo-physical properties of the foamed epoxy. These properties are: density, glass-transition temperature, thermal conductivity and thermal expansion. The work has been conducted experimentally by manufacturing several specimens with different siloxane contents as: 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 wt%. The properties of the specimens have tested under suitable conditions using different reliable instruments: differential scanning calorimetry, Lee-discs apparatus, and push rod dilatometer. Scanning electron microscope was used as well to analysis the morphological characteristics of the epoxy with respect to the pores generated by the blowing agent. In general, the foamed epoxy has shown different sizes of pores and extra crosslinking which leads to increase the glass-transition temperature of the material. Results show that the addition of 20% siloxane to the neat epoxy (as maximum) leads to: decreasing by 50% in bulk density, increasing by 20% in glass-transition temperature, decreasing by 30% in thermal conductivity, and decreasing by 75% in thermal expansion.

This work describes a low-cost, extremely sensitive microwave sensor that may be used to distinguish between different liquid samples by measuring the variation in S21 magnitude. An interdigital capacitor (IDC) in series with a circular spiral inductor (CSI) and linked directly to a light dependent resistor (LDR) is used to do this and been installed minkowski farctal on end both stub. The suggested sensor operates at a frequency of 1.47 GHz. Using Computer Simulation Technology (CST) Microwave studio, the impacts of modifying the proposed LDR's value are evaluated parametrically. However, When the LDR value changes in relation to the light of incidence, a considerable change in the resonance band is observed. Many recent wireless technologies that use optical-based interface systems have found that such technology is an excellent candidate. The same model is developed for validation using a High-Frequency Simulator Structure (HFSS). The suggested sensor is built on an FR4 substrate with a 40×60 mm2 surface area. As a ground plane, a copper layer is applied to the rear panel. The results obtained by the two software systems are in perfect agreement.

This research aims to determine the areas and locations of agricultural lands served by irrigation water in the Al-Khora region, northwest of Basra city. As the irrigation water flows to the agricultural lands in Al-khora area through the irrigation channels branching from the Al-Saraji and Al-Khora rivers, which branch from the Shatt Al-Arab, and are designed to irrigate the surrounding agricultural lands depending on the tide’s phenomenon. Since the tidal water level in the Shatt al-Arab is variable throughout the day, which leads to an irregular distribution of water between one region and another throughout the days of the year, and it is difficult to determine the areas served by irrigation water whenever we move away from the Shatt al-Arab. Therefore, this study focused on building a hydraulic simulation model in the HEC-RAS program to simulate the flow in the rivers of the study area and to know the extent of its spread in the surrounding areas. The areas of agricultural uses reached by the tidal water were determined in the periods of the lowest tide in November, the volumes of water used in the irrigation process and the ranges of their impact on the neighboring areas were also calculated. The study concluded that the agricultural areas confined between the Sarraji and Al-Khora rivers can increase from 1298 to 1698 acres (equivalent to 31% of its original area), if the areas of land that can be irrigated by the side canals branching from the two rivers are taken into consideration.

Flexible electronics and optoelectronics devices attract further attention in recent years. In this paper, we present the fabrication and photodetection properties of a flexible metal-semiconductor-metal UV photodetector based on a thin ZnO film with Pd Schottky electrodes. The active ZnO layer was created using a hydrothermal method on ITO/PET flexible substrates. Palladium employed as back-to-back Schottky contacts. Metal masks are designed and used to deposit palladium via thermal evaporation. To demonstrate the impact of ZnO on flexible substrates, the structural, optical, and electrical characteristics of the produced films were examined and assessed. I-V characteristics under dark and illumination conditions for a device were measured using a voltage range of -2.8 V to 2.8 V. The measured data was used to calculate device parameters and photodetection properties. Such as ideality factor, barrier height, saturation current, detectivity, responsivity, contrast-ratio, and efficiency. The proposed device exhibited a gain (efficiency of 200%} caused by trapping hole carrier at ZnO-Pd interface

Self-consolidating concrete (SCC) is increasingly used in a number of concrete applications, some of which are highly susceptible to attack by sulfuric acid. This work aimed to study the resistance of a wide range of different SCCs to sulfuric attack. The main variables studied included binder material type (highly reactive materials), limestone powder and hybrid fibers in this work, compaction, L-box and V-hopper were performed for the new mixtures. In this study, the specimens were immersed in a solution of sulfuric acid at a concentration (0.5%) for up to 289 days after normal curing for 28 days. Laboratory results show that concrete containing pozzolanic material has reduced mechanical properties compared to a mixture containing only limestone powder. The study also showed that there was an improvement in the resistance of concrete to acid solutions when hybrid fibers were added to the concrete mix. From the stress graph, the strain at a given axial stress will be less than once the failure becomes more severe, it will become less rigid than immersing the specimen for six months.

E-Learning has become an essential teaching approach during COVID-19 pandemic. All over the world, various internet-based learning management systems (Google classroom, Moodle, etc.) were adopted to convey knowledge and enhance learning outcomes. However, measuring learning outcomes and knowledge acquisition in E-Learning environment is a controversial issue. To this end, this paper aims to predict learning outcomes using data mining techniques. Student data are collected and analyzed to construct the prediction model. The collected data covered students from various undergraduate studies. Cross-Industry Standard Process for Data Mining is used as a research model. The obtained result shows the significant of some attributes in predicting learning outcomes. Four correlation-based attributes selection schemas are applied. The selected attributes are examined using four data mining algorithms: random forest, k-nearest neighbors, Decision Tree and neural network. The overall performance of the constructed mining models is evaluated using various performance measures: Accuracy, Precision, Recall and F1-score are calculated. Overall, an 86% accuracy is secured.

Jar examination was applied to treat dairy water by using alum as a coagulant. Synthetic samples similar to actual wastewater were prepared from real dairy products to achieve the work. All tests of characteristics have been performed according to American Public Health Association (APHA), American Water Works Association (AWWA), and Water Environment Federation (WEF). The apparatus used in this study is the Jar test model JLT 6 Leaching test VELP Scientifica, with all kits and tools that could complete the work. The results showed the ability of aluminum sulfate to remove phosphorous from dairy wastewater by up to 95%. This resulted in an optimum aluminum dose equal to 0.5 mg / l at 20 ° C, and a gradient speed of 1076.915 seconds. -1. These results correspond to the role of the sodium ion in removing contaminants as a catalyst; the sodium ion concentration that contributed to this activity was 60 mg per liter, representing 23.07% of the initial concentration. The main goal of this article, it’s how can exploit the factors and circumstances adjacent to reducing pollutants without increasing aluminum dosages.