Al-Missbah journal

The end of the last Hijri century witnessed a major intellectual development and Qur’anic transformation in the Islamic world between Sunnis and Shiites. Among the leaders of this movement in the Shiite world was the scholar Dr. Muhammad al-Sadiqi al-Tahrani, who was born, raised and nurtured at the table of the Qur’an. He devoted all his energies to his seminary and academic studies, focusing on his centrality, until he attained the level of high ijtihad in both. He left behind dozens of Quranic works, both small and large, for the Islamic world. He also tried to establish a Quranic renaissance in the seminaries. We discovered that His Eminence's intellectual origins consisted of four elements, and Quranic thought was rooted in his being based on general intellectual principles. The intellectual foundations of interpretation, and our influence on his intellectual approach, which consists of nine points, then we present some examples of his Quranic views, and we arrive at proving that Sheikh al-Tehrani is one of the most prominent Quranic thinkers of the present era

Praise be to God، Lord of the worlds، and prayers and peace be upon Muhammad and the good and pure God.
And after: Divine wisdom required the creation of a person to worship God، glory be to him، and not participate in it، and his creation in this life is based on the principle of reward and punishment after having guided the right path and deposited what guides him to that، he is in the test station since his creation. Here lies the importance of studying the issue of [affliction] The cosmic Sunnah in the Holy Quran.

caliphate occupies a very important place in Islam until it is counted in the ranks of the message and prophethood, and many verses have referred to that, and the most explicit of which is what we are in the verse of completion The Shiite scholars have agreed that it will be revealed in verse 3 of Surat Al-Ma’idah, and its celebration of matters not related to the state raised some suspicions and doubts among some scholars of the majority
Our scholars answered these suspicions and objections with elaborate evidence. In this article we have referred to a sentence of them, and we have made this article in two axes. The answer to those interpretations.

The contemplator in the world of existence arrives with complete conviction, that everything that God created applies according to a precise system and law that God created in his creation, and this is what the Holy Qur’an and many of its verses have mentioned, with all of it, man delays or doubts his creation because of his ideological tendency or premeditation on Lack of understanding of the Book of God, and since man seeks perfection in himself, he had many ways and means to change his condition: supplication, charity, kinship ties, seeking forgiveness and others, are things that God authorized to change the human condition, as indicated by the Holy Qur’an and Sunnah. purified.
This topic can answer several problems, including the origin of the law of attic and that it does not contradict the concept of supplication that the Qur’an utters.

Competition and human racing are desirable, but this competition may intensify, escalate and evolve into a conflict and wars that result in many victims and losses.
Wars have many reasons, most of which are aggressive, with no right and a valid justification, so the great powers devised many methods to control and enslave the resources of small States and peoples, The Islamic religion came to free peoples from oppression, injustice and widespread corruption, and took measures to confront them, including addressing the aggressors and their constant readiness and others.

Intertextuality is one of the terms that has been devoted in recent centuries to the study of many researchers, because the poet finds in it a rich artistic and literary tender that serves him in expressing his poetic and psychological purposes. Religious intertextuality is one of the forms that formed a mainstay for many contemporary poets to express what they are facing from the various political, social and religious crises that occurred in their era. And Muhammad Reza al-Shabibi is a great Iraqi poet who mocked his pen for the Iraqi cause, and he became a resounding voice that did not calm down due to the diseases and pains that exist in his society. His poetry contains many examples of religious intertextualities, especially the Qur’anic ones, which he inspired in expressing the issues of Iraqi society. This research seeks to reveal the most important aesthetics of religious intertextuality in its various forms, taking the descriptive analytical approach. Among the most important findings of the article is that Al-Shabibi’s poems are replete with different types of religious intertextuality and that the Qur’anic intertextuality is the main source of its uses and that the intertextualities used all came in order to arbitrate the meaning, significance and suggestion in the interaction of the absent text with the present text while preserving its deep structure in depicting His feelings, feelings and thoughts.

In this research, we shed light on my book by some of those affiliated with the visions of renewal and modernity with a feminist tint, calling for a re-reading of the Qur’anic text away from the origins and controls of correct Qur’anic interpretation, such as the product of the Tunisian writer (Olfah Youssef), where she addressed some topics related to Arab women. There were notes on the topic of the research.
We present the research with a critical vision by calibrating what the eminent scholars of the two groups have mentioned, and we take as a model the most prominent of them, which is Allama al-Tabatabaei and al-Razi, we infer from them the controls of correct interpretation after we devote a topic to the definition of the modernist writer who is located in Moore. Our research is in her intellectual product and hermeneutic interpretation of the issue of inheritance and her disregard for the disciplined interpretive heritage and her call to read the individual text and reproduce its meanings in isolation from the tribes and the interpretive and novelist heritage and renew the readers of the Qur’anic text by excluding the role of the legislator sacred in it.
The research concludes to show that this undisciplined reading, the criticism directed at her, as the writer does not meet the conditions of the interpreter, let alone the jurist, to diagnose for Muslims the amount of inheritance and its provisions. I looked at the mutawaatir among the infallible and those among whom the conditions of the jurist and the interpreter existed to solve many problems.

Pragmatics takes care of the communication process, the parties to the dialogue and its objectives, as it represents a driver of the communication process between the producer and the receiver, and takes into account the listener\'s state during the speech, as well as the environment and external conditions surrounding the communication process, in order to ensure the achievement of the communication process on the one hand,On the other hand, pragmatics is a science of communication that aims to address and interpret many linguistic phenomena. In a climate conducive to solving communication problems by broadening its perspective to include various scientific fields such as sociology and psychology,
Cognitive linguistics, communication sciences, analytical philosophy, and other sciences, and pragmatics is based on many different gains of human knowledge, and this is what gave it a character of expansion and richness in its different treatments of language.

The research dealt with the theoretical principles that Dr. Mahmoud Al-Bustani relied on in his constructive approach to the literary text in general and the Qur’an in particular, and evaluated them. He intended to present the most prominent things that could come from them or support them, and shed light on the most important of those principles, which had an apparent role in Al-Bustani’s inclination towards the method. The constructivist in his approach to literary texts, with the Holy Qur’an at the forefront of it, noting, by presentation, the effect of mental laws in drawing the features of (reception) and rearranging the form of rhetoric as a basis for criticism. Referring to Dr. Al-Bustani’s position on the outcomes of modern culture and using them to understand the religious text and reveal its aesthetic and semantic secrets, the research presented this by explaining Al-Bustani’s perception of the literary text and the qualities that the text must have; In order for it to be an exemplary text, it illustrated the general lines of the constructivist vision that Al-Bustani called for and applied in his original productions, especially the Qur’anic ones. To conclude that the origins of the gardener It remains of objective value even if it is assumed that certainty is removed from it, and that it can be berelied upon from an applied standpoint, as it opens doors that the researcher can enter and see what is behind it, and this is what we believe that Dr. Mahmoud Al-Bustani did, when he entered this path and presented an interpretive encyclopedia on the basis of His structural approach represents a distinct creative value, and unambiguously reveals the presence of (structural unity) in the cherished Qur’anic text.

The research dealt with the name and character of Nasr Hamid Abu Zeid and his stages of study until he became a author and well-known where he addressed the conferences in which he received the awards with regard to his writings, the research presented his writings in the concept of Qur’an text and his study in the science of the Qur 'an. The research ensured that his writings were answered in the concept of the text and thus the most important motives for writing his book and the benefits derived from its composition. The researcher came up with a series of fruits, including:
Dr. Nasr Hamid Abu Zeid, through his presentation to Quranic and Revelatory scholars, tipped the scales on what is known to researchers in this field, so most of his research is reasonably unacceptable.
The research examined, discussed and responded to the book "The Concept of Text" (Study in Qur 'an Sciences) because it is not in a proper axis.
Dr. Nasr Hamid Abu Zeid has received many awards. This is what is mentioned in the folders of the research. This indicates his mental superiority.

I found that the historical political reality، with its persecution and oppression of the Ahl al-Bayt، had a great impact on the interpretation of some Islamic sects، such as the Shiite front، which diverges from objectivity in directing the Qur’anic text by relying on effects that were mostly about contradictions in its body، in what was spoken as well and narrations that have not been proven. The effects of political oppression in the modern era are evident in one of the most important contemporary interpretations، which is the interpretation of Sayyid Qutb، may God have mercy on him، which in some of its contexts departs from the truth of the Qur’anic significance when it is cut off from other indications to rational assumptions resulting from psychological exhaustion that the interpreter lived under a tyrannical political regime and from that His reliance on differentiating between the indications of faith and disbelief that the criterion in proving the first and denying the second is the action that he deems more important than saying about that. In belief، this is what many texts from the Qur’an and Sunnah testifyt

This article belongs to the studies concerned with defending the Islamic heritage and refuting the doubts directed at it in understanding religious texts, especially the Holy Qur’an, as well as within modernist studies and contemporary reading. The attention was focused on presenting the doubt about the historicity of the text in a way that suits it by clarifying the truth of the doubt and the possibility of accepting and rejecting it. The article also presented the problem of contemporary readers, specifically Dr. Muhammad Shahrour, with Islamic jurisprudence, and explained his crisis in this regard, and presented it within the context of comparing one of the provisions of Sharia law in Islam, which is polygamy, with the results of his idea and discussing it in a scientific discussion.
After explaining the foundations upon which Shahrour relies in rejecting the religious heritage, as well as the foundations upon which he relies in his conviction to explain his opinions, which rely on dialectical logic and materialist philosophy, the researcher has reached several results, the most important of which is that the crisis of thought among the modernists with Muslims is confined within the colloquial school that it represents. The four schools of thought, to which Salafi thought belongs, and it was also shown that the claims of Dr. Shahrour is based on special preferences, tastes, and cultures that were greatly influenced by Marxist materialist thought, and his approval of the interpretation of the verse about polygamy is false and far from the truth.

Reincarnation is one of the important topics emphasized by theologians and commentators، and we must differentiate between reincarnation، solution، and return. Reincarnation is the return of a person after his death to earthly life through sperm and going through the stages of human formation again to become a human again، or it is the transfer of the soul from one body to another body. Separate from the first. Then those who believe in reincarnation are people of exaggeration، as they deny the resurrection and the afterlife، and they say that there is neither a resurrection nor an afterlife، but rather they are souls in forms. So whoever is benevolent may be permitted to transfer his soul to a body in which no harm or pain will befall him، and whoever is abusive may be permitted to transfer his soul to bodies. Being in it causes harm and pain to the soul، and nothing else The Imami and the majority agreed on the invalidity and abstention of reincarnation، because in reincarnation the paradise and hell are nullified. The importance of the research lies in highlighting the opinions of theologians and commentators. The research included five sections as follows: The first topic: the concept of reincarnation linguistically and terminologically. The second topic: The emergence of the idea of reincarnation among the speakers and interpreters The third topic: The doctrine of reincarnation among theologians and interpreters The fourth topic: The position of the Holy Qur’an on the invalidity of the doctrine of reincarnation in light of the books of interpretation Section Five: The difference between reincarnation and return in light of the books of interpretation

The study dealt with the most important rules and reasons that scholars rely on in giving preference between narrations in the event of conflict, as scholars have established precise scientific rules for this matter, in order to reach the correct narration that is relied upon in the issue under study, especially in the interpretation in which we find a multiplicity of narrations in the interpretation. One verse, and we mentioned a summary of the school’s opinion on the issue of weighting between the narrations.
Then, I reviewed some of the narrations that Al-Mudarris mentioned in his interpretation and how he preferred them among them. It appeared that most of these narrations were trying to combine them, as his opinion is that it is possible for multiple explanatory narrations in one narration.

The researcher attempts to shed light on Dr. Al-Saghir’s approach in dealing with Qur’anic readings, and this matter contributes to clarifying the opinion of the Ahl al-Bayt school, peace be upon them, which stipulates the distinction between the Holy Qur’an, “the divine text,” and Qur’anic readings, “the human text.”
This study attempts to answer a group of cognitive problems that together constitute the research hypotheses, the most important of which are:
1- What is Dr. Al-Saghir’s opinion on the issue of the seven letters?
2- How did he deal with the Orientalists’ critical studies of readings?
3- Did he employ Qur’anic readings in directing the interpretive meaning?
4- What approach do you follow in dealing with the readings?
For this purpose, the research adopted the analytical method by reviewing opinions, discussing them, and weighting what is correct according to the evidence necessary for weighting.

The most prominent results of the research can be summarized in the following points:
1- The research observed that Dr. Al-Saghir attributes a large part of the differences in readings to the old Qur’anic script, as it is possible to pronounce it in multiple ways.
2- The research revealed that Dr. Al-Saghir did not accept the opinion that the seven letters are linked to Qur’anic readings.
3- The research revealed that the doctor’s method in presenting the readings is to start with the agreement and disagreement of the seven, then mention the irregular reading if any, and then mention the Imami scholars’ preference for one of the readings - if available -.
4- The research revealed that he states his opinion and preference for the reading in what he thinks is preferable, and he stops stating his opinion if the evidence for that does not appear to him.

This research examines the attitude of Orientalism to the descent of Revelation,focusing on how they appear to understand and interpret the phenomenon of Muhammad's revelation. The researcher begins by clarifying the linguistic and technical meaning of revelation as a subtle and rapid communication between Allah and His prophets. He then illustrates the various forms of revelation in the prophetic message, such as true visions, revelation through the angel Gabriel, and direct revelation from Allah.
Then he moves on to presenting the different Orientalist positions on revelation, starting from the Middle Ages, which were characterized by distortion and accusations of deception, passing through the modern era, which tried to interpret revelation in a material or psychological way; Some considered it to be epileptic seizures, cases of mania, or self-intuition. The researcher also presented the views of some the Just Orientalists such as William Muir and Thomas Carlyle, who rejected those claims and affirmed the truthfulness of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family).
The research concludes by stating that Orientalist studies of the Qur’an and revelation were mostly driven by religious and political motives aimed at challenging the divine source of the Qur’an, while calling for confronting these arguments with sound scientific research based on accurate knowledge of the Orientalists’ heritage and methodology.