journal port science research

As technology continues to evolve at an exceptional pace, the incorporation of AI applications like Chat GPT has become increasingly influential in reshaping educational practices and guiding the trajectory of academic research. Innovations such as robots, chatbots, automated evaluation methods, and intelligent instructional platforms contribute to improving the quality of education and have led to a major transformation in how students learn and how teachers teach. This work reviews a selection of literature on the applications of artificial intelligence in education and scientific research in an attempt to understand the nature of this role and to highlight the educational and technical dimensions that accompany its use in educational settings, whether in general or university education. The methodology is based on a narrative literature review covering studies from recent years. The review identifies both the benefits and challenges of AI in education. Benefits include improved learning experiences, personalized instruction, enhanced research capabilities, real-time feedback, and access to information. However, risks such as overdependence on AI, academic dishonesty, data security concerns, algorithmic bias, and the limitations of AI’s lack of emotional understanding are discussed. Drawbacks also involve its dependence on well-structured prompts and inability to replicate human insight. Despite these challenges, Chat GPT’s future in education looks promising. With ongoing refinement, stronger ethical standards, and adequate professional development for teachers, AI can serve as a valuable instructional partner and may become a permanent part of modern education through deeper integration into curricula and adaptive learning systems.

This review focuses on the most important synthetic approaches to produce erlotinib and its derivatives, shows changes in their structure that minimized toxicity, surpassed resistance mechanisms, increased selectivity and improved therapeutic efficacy, the latest applications of green and medicinal chemistry and recent developments are covered. This review seeks to investigate the erlotinib methods of synthesis and recent trends in erlotinib chemistry and new derivatives synthesis, ranging from 2020 to 2025 including modifications on the quinazoline core, side chains, conjugates, and hybrid molecules that incorporate additional pharmacophores and provide some of views and perspectives to the future directions of EGFR targeted drug discovery and development, full texts of potentially relevant articles were reviewed, and data on synthetic routes, structural modifications, biological potency, selectivity, and any ADME/PK findings were extracted and qualitatively synthesized. Erlotinib, a type of targeted cancer drug has been widely studied and modified over the past five years., it has already available in US, EU, Japan and other 100 countries worldwide since approved for medical use in 2004. Erlotinib is a first-generation inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase. It is cleared to treat non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer and a few other cancer. Its brand name is usually Tarceva. The presented review contains the following issue: summary of references concerning the synthesis methods, structure-activity correlation ship (SAR) or biological parameters related to erlotinib family analogues (from 2020 to 2025).

A B S T R A C T . The research aims to determine the impact of organizational integrity on negative work behaviors. The research was based on a basic question (Does organizational integrity affect reducing negative work behaviors in the General Tax Authority?). The questionnaire was used as a tool for collecting data, and it included two axes. The first axis dealt with the personal data of employees, while the second axis dealt with the paragraphs of the research variables (organizational integrity, negative work behaviors) (arithmetic mean, weighted arithmetic mean, standard deviation, Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient, Pearson's correlation coefficient, simple linear regression, multiple linear regression) via the programs (SPSS V.28, Smart Pls4, Microsoft Excel 2010) to reach the results related to them . The research reached a set of results, the most important of which is that the General Tax Authority was able to adopt organizational integrity and transparency to limit negative work behaviors better than if these variables were directed separately to limit them, in addition to resorting to adopting operating controls, organizational culture, clarity in procedures, and disclosure of information in a combined manner to actually aim to limit these behaviors.

The research aims to test "the role of spiritual capital in organizational sustainability" within the health sector. It addresses the central question of how spiritual capital can be employed to enhance sustainability in the investigated hospitals. Medical City hospitals were selected as the research field, and a random sample of 223 doctors was surveyed, representing different job levels, including senior residents, rotating residents, specialist doctors, and practicing doctors. The research adopted a descriptive-analytical approach, and data were collected through a structured questionnaire. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS V.28 and AMOS V.25, employing arithmetic mean, standard deviation, Cronbach’s alpha, Pearson correlation, and simple linear regression. The findings reveal a positive and statistically significant relationship and effect between spiritual capital and organizational sustainability. The study concludes that strengthening spiritual capital across its various dimensions by hospital administrations contributes substantially to enhancing organizational sustainability in a practical and measurable manner.

Background: Myrrh is a natural plant with a long history of traditional use as analgesic, for treating inflammatory, infectious, and wound-related conditions. Recently, growing scientific interest has focused on its potential applications in dentistry and oral medicine. Objective: The objective of this narrative review is to summarize and critically evaluate published strength of evidence on the use of myrrh in dentistry and oral medicine. The review focuses on pharmacological properties, formulation methods, clinical applications, safety profile, and current research gaps Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, from July to November 2025. Relevant in vitro studies, animal experiments, clinical trials, and review articles investigating the dental and oral applications of myrrh were included. Data were analyzed qualitatively, focusing on antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, and wound-healing effects relevant to oral health. Results: The reviewed studies indicate that myrrh demonstrates analgesia for certain oral condition, antimicrobial activity against several oral pathogens, along with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects that may support oral wound healing and symptom relief. Clinically, myrrh has been formulated as gels, mouthwashes, and topical preparations, showing potential benefits in managing oral ulcers, gingivitis, and other oral mucosal conditions. However, significant variability exists in extraction methods, formulations, dosages, and study designs. Conclusion: Myrrh appears to be a promising adjunctive therapeutic agent in dentistry and oral medicine. Nevertheless, the current evidence is limited by heterogeneity and a lack of standardized protocols. Further well-designed, randomized clinical trials using standardized myrrh formulations are required to establish its efficacy, safety, and clinical applicability.

The research aims to explore the impact of soft leadership skills on innovative work behavior. The research started from a main question (Do soft leadership skills affect innovative work behavior in Iraqi private banks?). A questionnaire was used to collect data, and the sample was random, as it included (212) individuals from middle and supervisory management in the banks studied. The descriptive analytical method was used to analyze the data and extract the results. In the final result, the current research reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which is (The more management is interested in using human leadership methods such as soft skills based on understanding, motivation and positive interaction with employees, the more their enthusiasm and passion for their work increases, which leads to stimulating their innovative behavior within the work environment, which is reflected positively on the performance of banks and their competitive flexibility).

This study aims to highlight the role of auditing, in its various forms (financial, internal, performance, and environmental), in promoting sustainable development requirements within organizations. The study adopted a descriptive-analytical approach and used a questionnaire to collect data from a sample of audit and accounting professionals. The statistical results for all auditing axes were above the neutral level, indicating positive and significant attitudes toward the importance of auditing in supporting sustainable development practices. The results of the Pearson correlation coefficient also demonstrated strong, positive, and statistically significant relationships between the four audit axes and sustainable development. This confirms that a higher level of implementation of auditing activities is directly linked to an increased level of adoption of sustainable development principles. The study concluded that auditing plays a pivotal role in achieving a balance between the economic, social, and environmental dimensions of sustainable development by enhancing transparency, accountability, and resource protection, in addition to improving the efficiency of institutional performance.

This study aims to explore the role of entrepreneurial leadership in enhancing organizational innovation at the General Company for Food Products / Baghdad, one of the companies affiliated with the Ministry of Industry and Minerals. The significance of the study stems theoretically from the novelty of the examined variables and practically from the need to strengthen organizational innovation practices in order to improve institutional performance quality. Accordingly, the researcher adopted the descriptive-analytical approach and utilized the questionnaire as the primary data collection instrument. The data were statistically analyzed using modern statistical techniques after verifying the validity and reliability of the instrument in accordance with psychometric properties. To achieve the research objectives, validated measurement scales were adopted based on a five-point Likert scale and applied to a sample of (100) administrative and technical employees, in addition to conducting semi-structured interviews with a number of leaders. The findings revealed a positive and statistically significant relationship between entrepreneurial leadership and organizational innovation, as well as a significant effect of leadership on enhancing organizational creativity. The study recommended adopting supportive entrepreneurial leadership models to empower human resources, ensure innovation sustainability, and address future challenges effectively.

This research aims to demonstrate the impact of the concept and practices of green accounting on improving the level of sustainable performance in industrial companies in general, and particularly in the General Company for Food Industries / Vegetable Oils. To achieve the objective of the study, the analytical–applied methodology based on quantitative data was adopted to measure and analyze the relationship between accounting disclosure and measurement of environmental costs and the three dimensions of sustainable performance (environmental, social, and economic). Each dimension was measured and disclosed through a set of indicators in accordance with the Triple Bottom Line (TBL) model By analyzing the ratio of environmental costs to total operating costs, it was found that the expenditures on environmental activities were very low, while the costs allocated to investment in environmental assets were relatively good. The findings revealed a positive impact of the low environmental costs ratio, which led to an improvement in environmental performance and a moderate relative improvement in economic performance, along with a negative impact on social performance.The research recommends the integration of green accounting systems within the traditional accounting framework by establishing a general structure that identifies all activities with environmental implications and specifies methods for their measurement, as well as distinguishing environmental costs and benefits from other operating costs. Furthermore, it emphasizes the necessity of adopting sustainability reporting initiatives due to their crucial role in supporting sound decision-making and achieving economic, environmental, and social objectives.

The study aimed to determine the level of interest in digital transformation and operational performance, and to demonstrate the impact of digital transformation on operational performance. The study problem was manifested in the urgent need for the banking sector to adopt digital transformation technologies and mechanisms, which contributes to improving banking services and the resulting impact on operational performance, especially in light of the highly competitive environment in the Iraqi banking sector. The study was implemented at Ashur International Bank, and relied on a sample of (130) individuals, including division, department, and branch managers, unit heads, and employees, to survey their opinions according to a questionnaire prepared for this purpose. The study included two variables: the independent variable represented by digital transformation and its dimensions (digital process, technology, organizational culture, strategy, leadership), and the dependent variable represented by operational performance and its dimensions (cost, quality, flexibility, delivery). The study adopted the descriptive analytical approach and used a number of appropriate statistical methods through (SPSS v.24) , which included (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, correlation coefficient, multiple linear regression, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis). The results confirmed a relatively high level of interest in digital transformation and operational performance in the bank under study. They also showed that digital transformation has a significant impact on operational performance in the bank.الملخص هدفت الدراسة إلى تحديد مستوى الاهتمام بالتحول الرقمي والأداء التشغيلي، وبيان أثر التحول الرقمي في الأداء التشغيلي ، وتجلت مشكلة الدراسة في الحاجة الملحة للقطاع المصرفي في تبني تقنيات وآليات التحول الرقمي بما يسهم في تحسين الخدمات المصرفية وما يولده من انعكاس على الأداء التشغيلي، وخصوصاً في ظل بيئة شديدة التنافس في القطاع المصرفي العراقي ، وطبقت الدراسة في مصرف آشور الدولي ، واعتمدت على عينة مكونة من (130) فرداً من مديري الدوائر والأقسام ومسؤولي الشعب ورؤساء الوحدات والموظفين ، لاستقصاء آرائهم وفق استبانة تم اعدادها لهذا الغرض، وتضمنت الدراسة متغيرين المتغير المستقل تمثل بالتحول الرقمي وأبعاده (العملية الرقمية ، التقنية ، الثقافة التنظيمية ، الاستراتيجية ، القيادة)، والمتغير المعتمد تمثل بالأداء التشغيلي بأبعاده (الكلفة، الجودة، المرونة، التسليم ) ، اعتمدت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، واستخدمت عدداً من الأساليب الإحصائية المناسبة عبر برنامجيSPSS v.24)) وتضمنت (الوسط الحسابي، الانحراف المعياري، معامل الارتباط والانحدار الخطي المتعدد، التحليل العاملي الاستكشافي والتوكيدي) ، وأكدت النتائج وجود مستوى اهتمام مرتفع نسبياً بالتحول الرقمي والأداء التشغيلي في المصرف المبحوث ، كما أظهرت أن للتحول الرقمي أثراً معنوياً في الأداء التشغيلي في المصرف .

The research aims to measure the impact of using put options as a hedging tool to reduce losses resulting from fluctuations in crude oil prices, thru an analytical study on Brent crude contracts during the period from 2021 to 2024. The Black-Scholes model was used to price put options and estimate their theoretical value, with a comparison made between the realized returns in the presence and absence of hedging. The study relied on monthly data for futures contract prices as the execution price and spot prices, in addition to analyzing return variances and calculating the effectiveness of hedging using the variance reduction ratio as a quantitative tool. The results showed that the put option significantly contributed to reducing losses during periods of sharp price declines. Additionally, the return variance was reduced from (121.768) to (28.2781), indicating a notable improvement in the financial stability of oil sales. The effectiveness of the hedge reached (76.8%), a percentage that reflects the feasibility of this type of hedge in volatile market conditions. Accordingly, the research concluded that the put option is an effective tool in managing price risks, and its use is recommended within hedging strategies in oil markets, especially in light of sharp price fluctuations.

This research aims to study the role of Internet of Things (IoT) technology strategy in improving the quality of managerial decisions, which in turn supports the evaluation of financial performance and operational efficiency to enhance the competitive advantages of economic units. The research focuses on how IoT technology can be used as a strategic tool to support managerial decision-making and raise performance levels in economic units by connecting people, data, processes, and devices to improve operational efficiency and reduce costs. The research is based on a review of previous literature that addressed the concept of IoT technology and its impact on the digital economy, in addition to analyzing the relationship between adopting this technology and improving financial indicators and operating costs. The results showed that adopting IoT technology significantly contributes to reducing financial waste, improving the accuracy of financial forecasts, and increasing return on investment. This makes it a strategic element in supporting digital transformation and building efficient, data-driven economies by providing an ideal environment for management to make appropriate managerial decisions based on objective analysis and indicators grounded in real data

This research aims to reduce the environmental costs of the economic unit by fostering a green culture in manufacturing engineering processes using artificial intelligence for value chain activities, transforming them into environmentally friendly activities. It also aims to shift from traditional to cleaner production to achieve production efficiency and manufacture environmentally friendly green products using green engineering equipment. This contributes to recycling production waste and byproducts, reducing environmental failure costs, optimizing resource and energy utilization, and achieving financial savings through recycling products, waste, and production emissions. These savings can then be redirected towards investments that generate significant revenue, creating a green image in the eyes of environmental monitoring units and customers. The conclusions are that using artificial intelligence and green cost-effective technologies leads to reduced emissions and waste, increased production efficiency, elimination of material waste, and a reduction in environmental costs

The world has changed dramatically with the evolution and speed-up of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in the past few years – a change that impacts on many industries, and that has had a great influence on education. The traditional education system that included memorization with passive learning, minimal interaction and an attitude of “one size fits all” seems become less and less useful in digital age with new learner competences like critical thinking, creativity and adaptability. Thus, there is a growing interest in the application of AI to bring holistic transformation in education not only in the learning content and mode of delivery but also in the assessment processes resulting in the personalized learning path for each student com- prising his/her unique needs and potentials. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review targeted at AI and education through the lens of theoretical and application research, which endeavours to expose the possibilities of AI to shape the future of education. As an illustration, the review by Singh et al., 2025 states AI based personalized tutoring, intelligent learning environment, data driven knowledge is transforming traditional education techniques. Along the same vein, a 2024 study by Ayeni & Al Hamad demonstrates how the adoption of AI in education transforms traditional pedalogies by enabling customized learning and enhancing student participation. As well as all of this, these are changes which are not just pedagogical; universities and education systems are wondering how to organize curriculum, assessment and resource to harness and not be harnessed by the potential of AI technologies.

This research examines the relationship between the stages of a bank’s life cycle and their impact on financial performance and the market returns of its stocks, with a focus on banks in emerging markets. The study adopts a descriptive-analytical approach, where banks are classified into specific life cycle stages based on financial and market indicators, followed by an analysis of financial data and stock reports over a defined period،The results reveal significant differences in financial performance and market returns across the various life cycle stages, confirming that a bank\'s life cycle phase influences operational efficiency and stock market value. The research contributes a practical analytical framework to assist managerial decision-makers and investors in optimizing their financial and investment strategies. Additionally, it addresses a critical gap in banking literature, particularly in emerging market contexts