iklil for Humanity Studies

The first beginnings of binding were since the advent of Islam, and the sources have mentioned to us that the first book of binding is the Holy Qur’an, and that was during the time of Abu Bakr Al-Siddiq, may God be pleased with him. The art of binding developed through the use of papyrus in the process of binding small books and the use of wood in binding large books. To give it more aesthetics, and this thing was found in the Abbasid era when the art of binding reached sophistication and development. Many panels in the Abbasid era showed us the extent of the mastery of the Muslim artist in the art of binding. The art of binding is of particular importance in preserving the Islamic manuscript. Binding craftsmanship and its art are a major pillar of The pillars of the book-making process (the manuscript)
One of the most important results of the research is that the art of Islamic binding not only took care of the design and decoration of the book covers, but also took care of other elements; Like the inner linings of the covers, a feature associated with Islamic cladding, as well as other elements.

The Attitude of the United States of America to the Political Secession of some Hungarian Diplomats from Hungarian Government, 20 March 1944- 12 April 1944.
Abstract : The Continuing of the alliance with Nazi Germany became a costly and risky matter for many Hungarian politicians, especially after the apparent retreat of the Germans on the Eastern and Mediterranean fronts in 1942-1943. Therefore, it became necessary for these politicians to seek ways to get rid of that alliance, but the German occupation of Hungary in March 1944 prompted some of its diplomatic officials in certain European countries to act in another way in order to draw the attention of the United States of America to pay greater attention to Hungary\\'s aspiration to exit the war and avoid what its circumstances will lead to in the following months. .