AL-Yarmouk Journal

The Abbasid era، particularly in the third century AH، witnessed the peak of Islamic civilization\'s prosperity in various fields of knowledge. The translation and authorship movement flourished، intellectual schools flourished، and research and educational methods developed. The importance of research became apparent through shedding light on the neglected contributions of women to the scientific and cultural history of Islamic civilization، and by revealing the positive interaction of women with the intellectual environment in the Abbasid era، particularly in the third century AH، while presenting a critical analytical reading of heritage sources from the perspective of women\'s scientific and cultural presence

Al-sharif Al-Radhi is one of the prominent poets of the Abbasid era. His poem ((O,Dhabiat Alban)) has received widespread admiration and is considered one of the master pieces of chaste love poetry. This distinction encouraged me to select it as the subject of this study aiming to explore the effectiveness of the imagery crafted by the poet.
The research studies the above poem according to the stylistic approach which helps in analyzing literary texts, and study it and rev its beauty secrets the poet presented the meaning in a prominent poetic image-pick it up from his physical surroundings, and re-compose these elements and components to become an image of his own poetic world with all its poetic, psychological components , The study applies the stylistic method according to Saussure approach , which is concerned with studying the poetic image within the frame work of structural displacement which arises from the relationships between lexical units . And the automatic displacement that performs the borrowing as a replacement, this approach also stems from procedural tools and methodological mechanisms it helps in examining the poetic image to extract the aesthetic meaning in it , And reveal the dimensions of these text , And the extent of the poets success in employing it, proper recruitment , the researcher hopes that this study will lead to a set of results, Including the effectiveness of the western stylistic approach In the analysis of poetic texts in the poem ( o gazelle of the ban) the subject of the research , Then stand on the places where photography is effective , And insightful student and cautious analyst stands , To make this analysis a stylistic analysis the interactive flexibility by injecting its renewed spirit into the poetic environment .
Hence, our study was an extension of previous studies in terms of adding western methodological attempt and betting on the effectiveness of this attempt and achieve its results in revealing the secrets of that image similes, metaphors, sounds, exits, different poetic structures and their dimensions, and investing ate its sources and circumstances, and extent of its impact within the poetic environment.

Historical studies on the economic side are important topics, as they give us a clear picture of the economic conditions in Baghdad. Baghdad was the capital of the Abbasid Caliphate, whose location helped it become a first-class commercial center, with trade coming to it from all over the world, even from distant countries. Therefore, Baghdad was under the patronage of the Abbasid Caliphs, who worked on the advancement of industry and the availability of various raw materials, in addition to the commercial activity that provided the raw materials needed by the industry. The Abbasid Caliphs were also interested in developing the industries that existed in Baghdad, and worked to establish new industries. Specialization in industries emerged, and the cities of Baghdad became famous for many industries. Therefore, that period witnessed many economic conditions, with the developments introduced by the Caliphs in industry, agriculture, and trade. They also cared about minting coins, and this had a far-reaching impact on the development of the economic conditions in Baghdad. The nature of its division into an introduction and four axes required that the first axis deal with industry in Baghdad, while the second axis dealt with the importance of minting coins in the economic conditions and their development. The third axis only discussed the conditions of agricultural activity during The fifth and sixth centuries AH. The fourth section was devoted to studying trade in Baghdad. The study concluded with a conclusion that included the most important results.

Perhaps one of the requirements for the application of a living and effective democratic system within the country is that the internal constitution includes the basic principles of separating the state authorities, and perhaps the most prominent of which is the legislative and executive authorities and that every authority has tasks and actions that cost them legally in the face of the other authority, and that members of these authorities bear legal responsibility in the event that corruption or legal violations are achieved due to the actions they carry out.
Within the framework of combating administrative corruption, the legislative authority possesses legal means in which corruption behaviors may be committed by the president or members of the executive, and that these legal means of the parliamentary question, investigation and interrogation and what these means lead to, have included constitutional texts and internal laws as legal means to account the president or members of the government, and that the problem of our research is to stand on what the possibility of these means to reduce corruption the administrative of the government and the role of the legislative authority in imposing these means, and which means are stronger in holding the president or members of the government and the extent of its application without restriction or condition to the legislative authority.
And the excitement of the research problem is to determine a goal in the extent of the legislative authority in possessing the control means to the executive authority and the extent of its application to reduce administrative corruption and legal violations, the extent of the application of these powers on the ground and the extent of its activation such as question, interrogation and investigation and then withdrawing confidence, in order to resort to the constitution and laws and achieve public interests, especially since the limit of administrative corruption leads to the progress and prosperity of the country and achieve a high level of development and achieve a high level of development
And development in various areas of life, as well as the proper legal application of the principle of legitimacy in resorting to the constitution and legal texts and not violating it, and therefore we dealt with those means that the legislative authority possesses in the face of the executive authority within the framework of combating administrative corruption and on two topics, and we find that political consensus between the parties participating in the government may stand an obstacle towards the government\\\\'s accountability or one of its members, and a firm position must be taken by the authority legislative in activating these legal means away from the political and partisan and partisan favoritism.

Diyala River is an important naturai resource, and one of the greatest blessings that God Almighty has bestowed upon his servants. It is a vital resource, as it is indispensable for all living beings and represents the lifeline, development and growth for Diyala Governorate and even for other governorates, including Baghdad, its south and Kut to its mouth in the Tigris River. These governorates have begun to take practical steps to preserve water resources, but this natural resource may be exposed to great danger due to pollution, which affects the suitability of the water, making it unfit for drinking or irrigating crops. The Iraqi legislator has become aware of the damage that may affect the waters of the Diyala River, and has enacted several laws to protect these waters from crimes that affect the waters through the texts included in the internal legislation represented in the Iraqi Constitution, the Penal Code or special laws in order to ensure the protection of water resources and ensure their suitability and development and not to be exposed to violations that affect their suitability for human use or other uses that benefit humans.

The current study was conducted at the General Company for Medical Supplies Industry in Samarra, the study aimed to assess the quality of the Tigris River water prior to treatment and its delivery to consumers, as well as to evaluate the operational efficiency of the Unified Yathrib Water Treatment Plant in Salah Al-Din Governorate. It also aimed to determine the suitability of the treated water and observe monthly and spatial variations during the six-month study period, which extended from August 2024 to the end of January 2025.
The study in cluded the measurement of several physical parameters such as water temperature, turbidity, electrical conductivity, and total dissolved solids (TDS). It also encompassed various chemical properties including pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD), total hardness, calcium Chardness, magnesium hardness, chloride concentration.
The results showed that that water temperature ranged between (14.3-30) degrees Celsius, while turbidity values ranged from (0-24) NTU,electrical conductivity ranged between (390-590) micros/cm, and the dissolved solids levels ranged from (242-280) mg/L. The pH values ranged from (7.8-8.5), The dissolved oxygen concentrations were between (7.5-20) mg/L. and BOD values ranged from (1.7-5.8) mg/L.
Total hardness values were between (95-120) mg/L, calcium hardness between (40-80) mg/L, and magnesium hardness between 15.25 42.7 mg/L. chloride concentrations ranged from (16-30) mg/L.

This study was conducted in the Plant Laboratory of the Department of Biology – College of Education, University of Samarra, beginning in October 2024, to study the effect of light stress on the vegetative and chemo-biological traits of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) under varying intensities of light stress. The experiment was designed based on the One-Factor Experimental Design with three replicates per treatment unit. The control group was exposed to a light intensity of 55 µE, while the four other experimental groups were subjected to light intensities of 5 µE, 370 µE, 780 µE, and 1600 µE, respectively. The plants were exposed to a photoperiod of 16 hours of light and 8 hours of darkness at a temperature of 25 °C, with irrigation applied using the bottom watering method to avoid root fungal infections.
The results of the vegetative characteristics showed that the highest values for leaf area, fresh weight, stem length, stem diameter were recorded at the 780 µE light intensity treatment, with values of 16.233 cm², 6.433 g, 17.266 cm, 3.0 mm,. The highest root length (13.566 cm) was observed at the 370 µE treatment, while the highest dry weight (0.773 g) was recorded at the 1600 µE treatment. These findings suggest that moderate to high light intensities promote optimal vegetative growth in Capsicum annuum L., which may have practical implications for controlled environment agriculture.

This research addresses the expiration of disciplinary sanctions imposed on employees. Employees represent the backbone of the state, tasked with achieving the objectives of the public service. The research problem revolves around the extent to which the expiration of the sanction decision impacts the employee\'s legal status and career future.
The research aims to shed light on the administration\'s authority to withdraw or cancel the sanction decision after its conditions are met, and to clarify aspects of judicial oversight over the cancellation of the sanction decision in accordance with the general rules of judicial appeal to achieve a balance between justice and maintaining order.
The research highlights the importance of the employee\'s understanding of the methods, techniques, and legal periods required for the expiration of disciplinary sanctions, given their vital and practical importance, as they improve job conditions after the expiration of the sanction decision. The research adopts a descriptive and analytical approach to derive the rules for the expiration of disciplinary sanctions and highlight their strengths and weaknesses.
The research is expected to contribute to a better understanding of the role of the expiration of the sanction decision in improving job performance and reforming the administrative apparatus.

An experiment was conducted in the spring season of 2023 in the field of the College of Agriculture/University of Diyala to evaluate the performance of twenty-two genotypic of sugar corn, which are six pure lines (parents): (CH 11(1), TN 9(2), Nab 9(3), Wz6s(4), Wz 1(5) and RL(6)) (and fifteen individual hybrids resulting from them, in addition to the variety approved by the Ministry of Agriculture (Sama Baghdad), under the influence of boron spraying. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design and a split-plot system, where boron levels were placed in the main plots: Treatment B0 without boron spraying (spraying distilled water) and Treatment B1 spraying at a concentration of 200 ppm (boric acid H3BO3) with three sprays, the first a week before male flowering, the second at the beginning of male flowering, and the third at the beginning of female flowering. The genetic combinations were placed in the secondary plots, and each factorial treatment was repeated three times. Times, and data were recorded on the following traits: number of ear(s) per plant, number of grains per ear, weight of 100 grains, weight of grains per ear, percentage of set and plant yield (g). The results showed that the genotypes differed significantly in all traits and some parents such as TN 9 (2), Wz 1 (5) and RL (6) and some hybrids such as RL×Wz 1, RL×TN 9, TN 9×CH 11 and Wz 1×Wz6s were superior in most traits. Boron spraying had a significant effect on all studied traits except for the number of ears per plant.

This research aims to examine the correlation among server leadership with strategically change in a extremely challenge security environment, through a surveyed of the views of a appointed of members of the Iraqi National Security Service. The significance of the researching originates from the having to get the impact of servant command in enhancing the agency\'s flexibility and responsiveness to environmental variables, in a volatile and complex environment. The research relied on a descriptive analytical approach, using a questionnaire distributed to (190) members, and data analysis using simple and multiple linear regression models.
The results indicated a strong significant impact of servant leadership, with its dimensions (empowerment, standing back, humility, courage, and accountability) in promoting strategic change, represented by (activity reengineering, restructuring, creativity, and modernization). Statistical analysis revealed that the dimensions of standing back, humility, courage, and accountability were the most influential, while empowerment did not demonstrate a significant impact when combined with the other dimensions. Accordingly, the study recommends embracing servant leadership as a strategic approach, enhancing transparency and accountability, and supporting engagement with the environment through the development of early warning systems and continuous environmental analysis.

This study aims to investigate the role of strategic planning in enhancing the quality of university performance within higher education institutions. The research examines the relationship between the dimensions of strategic planning (vision, mission, values, and goals & objectives) and the dimensions of university performance (academic, administrative, and societal performance). A descriptive-analytical approach supported by statistical techniques was employed to test the hypotheses, using field data collected from a sample of academic and administrative staff members.
The findings indicate a significant correlation and impact between strategic planning and university performance quality. Clear vision, mission, and values were found to effectively direct resources towards achieving institutional goals. Moreover, well-defined strategic objectives contributed to strengthening academic performance, developing research and teaching capabilities, improving administrative operations with more flexible and effective systems, and reinforcing the university’s societal role through participation in developmental projects and community services.
The study concludes that the adoption of strategic planning mechanisms is essential for higher education institutions to strengthen their competitive position and respond to environmental challenges. It recommends fostering an organizational culture supportive of strategic planning, enhancing the skills of faculty and administrative staff, and adopting continuous monitoring and evaluation systems to ensure sustainable quality in university performance.

The development of playing performance is achieved by teaching students the basic skills of football using an educational model for the skill through direct play, which constitutes a series of exercises similar to playing situations, which are skillful and tactical during the performance of the exercise within a single educational unit. Direct play determines the relationship between the concept of work and how to perform it , choose the response and implementation. When the student becomes familiar with the nature of the work, it will help him and enable him to control and make the appropriate decision during learning. This leads to the development of playing performance as well as learning and mastering motor skills. The study aimed to identify the effect of exercises similar to playing on the accuracy of performing the skills of passing and scoring in football. The research was conducted on a sample of (30) students who were divided into two groups, a control group of (15) students, with whom the method followed in training was used, and an experimental group of (15) students with whom training was used through exercises similar to playing. The most important conclusions that the researcher reached were that adopting exercises similar to playing works to develop the accuracy of passing and scoring skills in football.

The research paper investigates the use of cognitive strategies employed by Iraqi secondary school sixth grade students and how they correlates with their reading performance. The study sample are (100) students at the sixth grade preparatory. The study makes use of the Strategy Inventory For Language Learning (SILL) of Oxford (1989) , a Likert scale questionnaire, to probe the cognitive strategies used by the participants. Also, the second tool is a reading comprehension test which is administered to have an insight into the reflection of the cognitive strategies on the reading performance of the sample subjects. Data collection of the comprehension test results and understanding strategy data are performed sequentially over the same day. Research data are described and analyzed by product moment correlation technique.
The research found that students\' scores in cloze tests ranged from A to D. This score indicates that students have varying abilities in reading comprehension. The research findings also showed that students used various cognitive strategies in understanding text reading. The results of the correlation analysis did not find a negative correlation; it found varying strengths of positive correlations.

Emphasizing how the book portrays the complexity of Arab identity and culture through an allegorical voyage, this study critically investigates how Arabian civilization is portrayed in Naguib Mahfouz\'s The Voyage of Ibn Fattouma. The novel centres on Ibn Fattouma. A young man, his path across several fictitious civilizations reflects the historical development of Arabian culture and its changing interactions with modernism, tradition, and outside influences. Using the protagonist\'s journey, Mahfouz questions the idealization of former civilizations—especially the so-called \"golden age\" of Arabian culture—while simultaneously exploring the difficulties of modern Arab nations. The study looks at the symbols, metaphors, and cultural allusions Mahfouz used to craft a story challenging the idea of a single Arab identity and the demands it encounters in contemporary society. The study also examines Mahfouz\'s subdued critique of modern society concerns and historical romanticism. Ibn Fattouma journey reflects the Arab world’s post-colonial struggle to reconcile its past with modernity. This study clarifies the several representations of Arabian civilization in Mahfouz\'s works and their relevance in modern literary and cultural debate using this examination. Finally, this study provides a thorough analysis of The Journey of Ibn Fattouma as a critical book that reflects the inconsistencies in the portrayal of Arabian civilization and provides a great understanding of the continuous intellectual and cultural discussions inside the Arab world.

Background: Depleted water levels and water pollution pose a risk to public health and contribute to the spread of diseases and epidemics among the population.
Objective: To evaluate the impression of insignificant drinking water quality provided to households and the perceptions of urban and rural communities concerning drinking water safety and its impact on public health in Diyala Governorate, Iraq.
Methodology: This survey assessed the obtainability and quality of safe drinking water and its related effects on the health of local populaces in urban and rural areas of Diyala Governorate, Iraq. The primary questionnaire was accomplished with (91) household heads. The additional questionnaire, a community insight survey, was completed with (285) household heads. The merged instruments in together questionnaires yielded a collective sample of (376) respondents, providing near-representative coverage of the governorate with a margin of error of (±5%) at a (95%) confidence interval.
Results: Mutually questionnaires, with a whole of (376) respondents, offer a comprehensive picture of the water state in urban and rural parts of Diyala Governorate. (74%) of households rely on the local water system. (15%) dependance on artesian wells, while approximately (10%) dependance on tanks and other water supplies. Recurrent water interruptions (66%) of households reported regular water interruptions, while (25%) reported infrequent interruptions. Only (8%) of surveyed households described any water interruptions at totally. Concerning household water treatment methods, (81%) of households used filters or further water treatment devices.
Conclusion: Greatest households receive imperfect water flow, i.e., less than four hours each day. Consequently, the collected evidence points to a fragile, poorly active, dilapidated, and unsanitary water system, which undermines public health and community trust.

محتويات المجلد 23 العدد 2