Journal Of Wassit For Science & Medicine

Bottled water is a key alternative of tap water with great attention over past decades due to the direct link with human health. Twelve bottled water brands available in Kut markets were collected during the winter season of 2022. Tests included physical properties color, taste, and odor. Besides chemical properties pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), and microbial analyses by using standard culture media. Iraqi standard specifications were used as a basis for evaluation in addition to a comparison between test results and the package. Physical tests indicated that all bottled water samples were acceptable in terms of taste and smell, according to specifications. Most microbial test results complied with the Iraqi standards and WHO guidelines except for type D which recorded the presence of coliform bacteria. Chemical results showed pH values tended toward acidity and do not always match samples label and do not complying with the Iraqi standards. While total dissolved salts and turbidity values varied among samples most complied with the standard specifications.

Urinary tract infection (UTI) refers to every part of urinary system infection caused by the presence and growing of microorganisms everywhere in the urinary tract. Women were frequently affected by the diseases. Urinary tract infections can be caused by Staphylococcus aureus. The current study aimed to determine the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus in urine among students of Wasit University from December 2021 to March 2022. A total of 100 midstream urine specimens were taken from symptomatic Wasit University students. Fifty were male samples, and fifty female samples aged from 18 to 22. Patients had symptoms such as polyuria, pelvic and back pain, and dysuria. Patients did not receive any antimicrobial treatment. Out of 100 students 21 (21%) were infected with Staphylococcus aureus. Females had a slightly higher prevalence than males 12 (24%) were females, and 9 (18%) were males. There are significant differences (P value = 0.0343) between males and females for Staphylococcus aureus and high temperature. The statistical analysis showed significant (P. value = 0.0374) association between Staphylococcus aureus infection and dyuria in male and female. A statistically significant association was observed between Staphylococcus aureus infection and flank pain.

This current study measured calcium ion concentration in three commercial milk types (whole, semi-skimmed, skimmed) using complexometric titration with EDTA and Eriochrome Black T indicator at pH 10. The mean calcium concentrations were 1.25 ± 0.05 mg/mL, 1.28 ± 0.04 mg/mL, and 1.32 ± 0.06 mg/mL, respectively. Statistical analysis (one-way ANOVA) showed no significant difference (p > 0.05) between the milk types. This indicates that the fat removal process does not deplete ionic calcium content. The validated method proved to be a simple, economical, and precise technique for the quality assurance of calcium in milk products.

Spinetoram is the management of insect pests that affect vegetable crops growing in greenhouses and outdoors. It was produced first in 2007 by fermentation product of Saccharopolyspora spinose (C42H69NO10). The current study describes the effectiveness of bacterial isolated from Iraqi environments, to remove spinetoram. Genetic analysis (16S rRNA) revealed that these strains are Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus pumilus. Four temperatures (25, 30, 35, 40) oC and pH values (5,7,9) were chosen for this study, and three concentrations of spinetoram (400, 800, 1200) mg/L were used. The spinetoram showed that the best biodegradation by consortium of Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus pumilus was at a temperature of 35 oC and pH 9 while the removal percentages were 99%, at 400 mg/L of spinetoram. The study's findings demonstrated the potential and importance of using aerobic biodegradation to remove spinetoram pesticides from agricultural soils. This consortium's capacity to break down pesticides makes it a valuable bioremediation tool.

Widespread misuse of ciprofloxacin (CIP) threatens ecosystems and human health by fostering antibiotic resistance. This work develops an electrochemical sensor with high sensitivity for CIP detection by altering an electrode made of glassy carbon with a cobalt phthalocyanine-functionalized graphene oxide (CoPc/GO) nanocomposite. The CoPc/GO synergy significantly improved the electroactive area, electron transfer, and CIP adsorption. Using square-wave voltammetry, the sensor achieved a broad linear range (0.01–10.0 μM) with a 2.1 nM detection limit. It demonstrated excellent repeatability (RSD < 3.5%), reproducibility (RSD < 4.8%), stability over four weeks, and strong resistance to interferences (<5% signal change). Successful application in spiked wastewater and river water samples, with recoveries of 97.2–103.5%, confirms its practicality for environmental monitoring of antibiotic residues

Viruses pose a serious threat to human health by hijacking host cellular machinery and altering immune responses. Understanding virus–immune system interactions is crucial for controlling viral diseases. This study focuses on the roles of innate and adaptive immunity in antiviral defense. Innate immunity provides the first barrier through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and type I interferon signaling, whereas adaptive immunity mediates antigen-specific responses and immune memory. However, many viruses evade immunity through mechanisms such as interferon inhibition, antigenic variation, latency, and T-cell exhaustion, especially in chronic infections like HIV, HBV, and HCV. These strategies promote immune dysfunction and viral persistence. Recent therapeutic advances, including mRNA vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and nanotechnology-based delivery systems, offer promising approaches to enhance antiviral immunity and limit viral replication.

The study investigates ascorbic acid prevents mild steel from corroding in a 1 M HCl solution. Weight loss and electrochemical methods (Potentiodynamic Polarization) were used to assess the inhibition's effectiveness. Results indicated that ascorbic acid is an appropriate mixed-type inhibitor, its strength depends on the concentration. It showed a maximum inhibition found at 94 % with concentration 500 ppm. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm was found to describe the adsorption of the ascorbic acid molecules that occurred on the surface of the steel. SEM (scanning electron microscopy) was used to analyze the surface of the metal which is covered with protective layer which acts as inhibitor. Among the studies that can be cited is that ascorbic acid has high potential to become a low-cost, non-toxic yet effective corrosion inhibitor in the industrial cleaning of the acidic environments.

This paper describes a detailed simulation of CMOS device manufacturing using Silvaco TCAD software. The simulated CMOS devices reached the final source/drain doping density of about 7x1019 cm-3 in both NMOS and PMOS devices, and the threshold voltage of about ±1 V, which can be used in many logic applications. N-well and P-well pre-annealing concentrations were 2x1017 cm-3 and 6x1017 cm-3 respectively with post drive-in diffusion depths of 2-3 μm. The LOCOS process was able to generate 0.5 μm field oxide to isolate devices. This paper offers specific information on process parameter selection and optimization and shows that process simulation is valuable in exhibiting fabrication-device characteristic relations. Moreover, the paper explains the CMOS fabrication infrastructure in biomedical sensor applications, in which CMOS technology has demonstrated notable potential biosensors, point-of-care diagnostics, and implantable medical devices.

One of the major aspects in terms of cost and security of both industrial and marine environments is corrosion. This paper is an experimental study of the corrosion behavior of mild steel in sodium chloride at various concentrations (0.5 -10 wt. %) after 168 hours. The methods used were in visual analysis and microscopy. It was established that corrosion rate increased with concentration of NaCl but deviated at higher concentrations. The mass loss versus time was almost linear in a graphical representation and the rate of corrosion versus concentration exhibited a maximum level. These findings are related to the electrochemical concepts of oxygen diffusion and formation of corrosion products, which are explained. Highest corrosion risk is determined and recommendations made concerning the best concentration which presents maximum corrosion risks and protective measures are recommended to the marine structures.

This study adhered to international ethical standards for animal research and investigated acute and sub chronic liver injury in rodents induced by acetaminophen (APAP) or carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). A total of 120 male rodents (60 Wistar rats, 60 C57BL/6 mice) were divided into eight groups (n=15). Hepatotoxicity was induced via single or repeated intraperitoneal injections (APAP: 300 mg/kg; CCl4: 2.0 mL/kg), with euthanasia at 12 hours, 24 hours, 72 hours, 7 days, and 28 days. Serum biomarkers (ALT, AST, GLDH, HA, MDA) and histopathology (H&E, Masson’s trichrome, α-SMA) were assessed. Histological scoring (0-4) showed high inter-rater reliability (κ > 0.85). Results revealed early oxidative stress (MDA ↑ at 12 hours), peak necrosis (ALT/GLDH ↑ at 24-72 hours), and bridging fibrosis in CCl4-treated rats by Day 28 (HA ↑ 7-fold, p < 0.001). APAP caused more severe acute necrosis in mice; CCl4 induced pronounced fibrogenesis in rats. GLDH strongly correlated with necrosis (r = 0.84), and HA best predicted fibrosis stage (R² = 0.79, p < 0.001).

Wheat allergy has become increasingly prevalent worldwide, although the mechanisms of wheat protein allergenicity remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the immune response to wheat allergy in Wasit Province by measuring serum levels of total IgA, IgG, tTG-IgA, and tTG-IgG. Samples were collected from clinically and laboratory-confirmed patients at Kut Hospital between January 2024 and April 2025. Antibody concentrations were assessed using the ELISA technique. The concentration of IgA ranged from 0.7-32.3 U/ml. The concentration range of IgG ranged from 4.2-48 U/ml. Range of serum concentrations of antibodies to transglutaminase tTG-IgA and tTG-IgG were 0.7-32.3 and 4.2-48 U/ml respectively. Serum concentration of studied antibodies (except tTG-IgA) does not statistically effect by aging. Also, all antibodies not significantly affected by patients, all these immune markers increased in females compared to males. Linear positive correlation appeared among studied antibodies. Moreover, the strongest positive relationship is determined between IgA/ tTG-IgA, followed by IgA/IgG, IgA/ tTG-IgG.

Urinary tract infections caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci have increased, accompanied by raising antibiotic resistance particularly during pregnancy. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of mecA, mecC, blaZ, and vanA genes in Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus haemolyticus isolates from young female outpatients with acute UTI. Hence, 26 S. epidermidis and 22 S. haemolyticus isolates were surveyed in this study. mecA gene was identified in both S. epidermidis 88.4% and S. haemolyticus 86.3% isolates, with no significant difference between the two species. The blaZ gene was present in 96.3% and 81.8% of S. epidermidis and S. haemolyticus isolates, also the difference was not significant. All mecA-positive S. epidermidis isolates and 84.2% of mecA-positive S. haemolyticus isolates co-carried blaZ gene. The vanA and mecC genes were absent from all isolates. These findings highlight the emergence of β-lactams' resistance among CoNS isolated from young women outpatients with acute UTI in the study area.

The study investigates the antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus and its ability to form biofilm formation. In addition to the identification of causative agents Streptococcus pyogenes and other bacteria in tonsillitis patients at Al-Numaniya, and Al-Zahra Teaching Hospitals between September 2024 and May 2025. A total of 130 tonsil specimens (swabs and tissue samples) were collected, of which showed positive microbial growth 110. The identification of these isolates was done based on cultural, microscopic tests, biochemical tests and the VITEK 2 system identification kits. Results indicate that 38 isolates (34.5%) were positive for S. aureus with the high prevalence observed in recurrent tonsillitis, accounting for 65.7%. Moreover, Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was identified in 44.7% of cases. Additionally, Streptococcus pyogenes was detected in (20.9%) of the cases. Findings underscore the significance of S. aureus as a major pathogen in Tonsillitis and highlight the need for effective monitoring and treatment strategies to combat antibiotic resistance.