Mustansiriyah Journal of Arts

Religious sacredness is considered one of the most prominent phenomena in human life, and it constitutes a noticeable presence in religious and secular thought. The sacred rituals and the accompanying values are an embodiment of religious sacredness, as religious rituals inherently carry a tendency towards sanctification in their practical reality. Iraqi short stories have been rich with examples that dealt with religious sacredness in all its forms. In this research, we focused on the sacred religious rituals and values that are a reflection or explicit expression of the supreme value of the sacred in short story creation and, before that, in human thought.

There is an intimate connection between poetry and vision in pre-Islamic Arabic poetry; for a poem cannot be a great achievement unless it carries the human vision and its quest to dismantle the existing reality in favor of a possible one. Vision can be considered an act of transcendence in pre-Islamic poetry beyond what is collectively perceived, through the self's revelation of the invisible relationships between the scenery and the subjective vision carried by the poem. On the other hand, poetic vision in pre-Islamic poetry attempts to question reality according to the self's perceptions and intellectual beliefs that define the nature of these relationships with beings and things. Existence becomes a stage for the creative interaction between the self and poetic utterance, making the poem a parallel world that the poet inhabits to fulfill his self within the poetic structure. This is what makes pre-Islamic poetry a timeless and spaceless poetic text, shaping the collective unconscious.

In the history of literature, there are many creators who have provided, through the human literary method, various types of creativity. Only poets are the most prominent of those creators, and their poetic productions have been a source of admiration and amazement. These people have achieved fame and knowledge, which has made their names and achievements the headlines of many good studies. However, at the same time, there are some of those... Creative people have been forgotten by history and have not received their due fame. The ongoing studies of this work are an attempt to revive the memory of a forgotten poet, the poet Khaddar Al-Take.

Phonology is a branch of phonetic research devoted primarily to the study of phonemes and their problems. Phonological study deals with the phonetic phenomena of linguistic sounds in different contexts (syntactic phonetic changes), such as assimilation, inversion, concealment, contrast, and substitution. The field of phonological study includes performance phenomena such as stress, intonation, phonetic coloring, pause, rhythm, and others. The importance of the research lies in confirming the fact that Arab scholars know phonological phonetic studies and their awareness of their impact on linguistic research. The views of Orientalists differed regarding the reality of phonological research in the linguistic study of ancient Arabs. Some Orientalists denied the existence of this type of study in the writings of ancient Arab scholars, while others confirmed the knowledge of Arab scholars of phonological studies, such as stress, syllable, intonation, and others within the field of phonology.

The manifestations of grammatical industry were present among Arabic grammarians since its first emergence, and they are still valid in the same method. Al-Rassas was very keen on interpreting texts and expressing meanings in a precise manner that is consistent with the grammatical rule. In view of this phenomenon and its status among Arab grammarians, the research sheds light on one of its most important aspects, which is grammatical reasoning. Al-Rassas combined the causes of grammatical issues, providing many of them with explanations and clarifications.

This research aims to reveal Quṭrub's (d. after 214 AH) interpretation of the phenomenon of Masculinity and Femininity (Tadhkīr wa Ta'nīth) in the Arabic language as represented in the Holy Qur'an, its various Quranic readings (Qirā'āt), and Arabic dialects. It seeks to clarify the rationales (Ta'līlāt) and justifications he provided for this phenomenon, and to identify the criteria and controls he adopted in his explanations and interpretations. Furthermore, the study compares his rationales and justifications with those proposed by other Arab linguists, to determine if he agreed or disagreed with them, and whether he was a precursor or a follower in his explanations.
The study employed the Inductive-Analytical Methodology, achieved by surveying this phenomenon among Arab linguists in general and Quṭrub in particular, collecting their statements, and analyzing them with the linguistic tools available. The study is divided into an introduction and two chapters:
The Introduction discusses the extent of attention given by Arab linguists to the phenomenon of Masculinity and Femininity, which of the two (Masculinity or Femininity) is the origin, whether they have distinguishing signs, the concept of Masculinity and the concept of Femininity, and whether they This research aims to reveal Quṭrub's (d. after 214 AH) interpretation of the phenomenon of Masculinity and Femininity (Tadhkīr wa Ta'nīth) in the Arabic language as represented in the Holy Qur'an, its various Quranic readings (Qirā'āt), and Arabic dialects. It seeks to clarify the rationales (Ta'līlāt) and justifications he provided for this phenomenon, and to identify the criteria and controls he adopted in his explanations and interpretations. Furthermore, the study compares his rationales and justifications with those proposed by other Arab linguists, to determine if he agreed or disagreed with them, and whether he was a precursor or a follower in his explanations.
The study employed the Inductive-Analytical Methodology, achieved by surveying this phenomenon among Arab linguists in general and Quṭrub in particular, collecting their statements, and analyzing them with the linguistic tools available. The study is divided into an introduction and two chapters:
The Introduction discusses the extent of attention given by Arab linguists to the phenomenon of Masculinity and Femininity, which of the two (Masculinity or Femininity) is the origin, whether they have distinguishing signs, the concept of Masculinity and the concept of Femininity, and whether they have classifications.
The First Chapter focuses on the masculinization of certain terms in the Holy Qur'an, tracing the rationales provided by Arab linguists, especially Quṭrub, for this masculinization.
The Second Chapter focuses on the feminization of certain terms in the Holy Qur'an and its readings, tracing the rationales provided by Arab linguists, particularly Quṭrub, for this feminization.
The research concludes with the most prominent findings and sources.

Friendship is one of the themes that has received wide attention in Arabic poetry. Al-Sharif al-Murtada (355 AH – 436 AH) is regarded as one of the prominent scholars, philosophers, and literary figures of the Abbasid era. He was known for his vast knowledge and high standing in jurisprudence, theology, and literature. Friendship occupied a significant space in his poetry, reflecting its importance in both his personal life and intellectual worldview. Al-Sharif al-Murtada presents a philosophical and rational view of friendship, portraying it as a relationship grounded in pure affection and free from self-interest and ego. He was able to distinguish between a true friend and a pretender, asserting that genuine friendship is rare and can only be tested in times of hardship and crisis. This perspective reflects his life experience and intellectual depth. At times, he expresses disappointment at the shrinking circle of loyal friends; at other times, he views friendship as an honest human bond based on loyalty, truthfulness, and sincerity. Through the above, Kprofound understanding of the value of friendship and female friendship, observing its transformations in light of personal experience and social context. He has been able to give these concepts a human and philosophical dimension that transcends the familiar in traditional poetry. This made him one of the most distinguished voices in this field. In addition, the language and style of his poetry in this area were characterized by emotional honesty, high eloquence, and the occasional use of symbolism. His style was also characterized by wisdom and admonition, with a sad or critical tone.

tushakil almawruth liltawasul 'iilaa tanawue dilalatih waikhtilaf masadirih msdanraan 'ilhamyaan wmhwraan likathir min almaeani walmadamin almushtarak bayn alnaas aladhin aistawhaha alshaaeir almueasir linafadh alnafadh eabraha litaswir mueanaatih waltaebir ean qadayah wakhatawatih waeamiqat, wyeud alnasu alquraniu masdar hamaan min masadir altaebir ean alshery watakthif aldalalat watharayiha bialrumuz alkhumasiati, faqad tama alhusul ealaa shueara' aljiraan alkarim, 'iidh aistathmarat alshueara' thaqafatahum. aleaqidat bshshta alturuq alati takhusuhum waruyatihim