AL ARBA'IN

This research aims to understand the concept of religious tourism in Iraq
(the Arbaeen pilgrimage as a model), and to present recent proposals for a
tourist resident (Arbaeen visitor) fee project and its effectiveness in achieving development. This is due to the Arbaeen pilgrimage's effective role in attracting numerous tourists and visitors. The pilgrimage strengthens the spiritual relationship between the individual and God. The impact of the blessed pilgrimage is not limited to the economic, social, educational, and cultural spheres; it is also an important source of hard currency, which improves and increases national income while enhancing production and employment. The researchers used descriptive and analytical methods, relying on data and information from the Ministry of
Planning/Central Statistical Organization, the General Tax Administration, the General Administration of Tourism, data from the holy shrines of Imam Hussein and al-Abbas, and relevant laws and directives. The research concluded that if tourism fees are implemented, a dedicated department for tourism taxes should be established immediately and given significant importance within the General Directorate of Taxes. A qualified and competent cadre should be selected to successfully implement the tourism tax.

The aim of this research is to demonstrate and diagnose the role of
multilingual marketing in the Arbaeen pilgrimage، with the aim of enhancing
awareness of the dimensions or implications of the Arbaeen pilgrimage to
visitors، attracting tourists to the country، and working to attract the largest
possible number of visitors. The research problem is to deliver content in a
common language to promote or introduce the dimensions of the Arbaeen
pilgrimage. This is achieved by presenting messages with content that
most visitors can understand، adopting clear and easy-to-understand
language، or using video clips، panels، phrases، drawings، and posters.
This will accurately identify and explain the implications or implications
of the Arbaeen pilgrimage، free from manipulation by its opponents. The
researchers relied on various references and research sources related to
the topic، and reached a set of conclusions، the most important of which is
that the Arbaeen pilgrimage is a process rooted in the Battle of Karbala in
(61 AH) and continues to grow despite all the efforts of those who accuse
it of takfir. It also represents a resounding cry for freedom، with blood
triumphing over the sword، not only for Shiites، but for all free people of
knowledge and of all religions. and sects and denominations.

The words ,expressions ,and phrases of Imam al-Husayn (peace be
upon him), whether in prose or verse, hold great significance—particularly
in our present age and society. In recent decades, various European
intellectual currents and theories have emerged claiming concern for
human refinement, moral discipline, and the clarification of values. Yet,
the Husayni discourse stands out as an inherently pedagogical message,
carrying within it linguistic and rhetorical meanings of enduring relevance.
It can be said that today’s Islamic society faces profound doctrinal,
intellectual, and educational challenges, all of which call for a return to the
pedagogical concepts embedded in Husayni discourse. From a semanticeducational perspective, one finds that Imam al-Husayn’s expressions
emphasize the building of human conduct—both outward behavior and
inward emotions—paying close attention to their regulation, cultivation,
and orientation toward the interests of the individual, the family, the
community, and the wider ummah.
This study is organized into three sections. The first explores the life
of Imam al-Husayn (peace be upon him), his influence, and his virtues.
The second examines the semantic value of his spoken words and their
impact on shaping human conduct. The third analyzes the semantic
value of his poetic expressions and their role in nurturing educational
and moral values. The choice of this topic stems from a desire to offer a
comprehensive vision of Husayni discourse and its role in moral education
and the cultivation of human behavior.

The research aims to determine the impact of accounting
for donations and aid during the Arbaeen pilgrimage to Imam
Hussein (peace be upon him). Millions of pilgrims from around
the world head to the holy city of Karbala in an unprecedented
million-person march. This pilgrimage has witnessed a remarkable
increase in recent years. Extensive preparations for this pilgrimage
begin well before the pilgrimage, and numerous organizations
work voluntarily to provide all the pilgrims› needs during the
pilgrimage. Voluntary campaigns also operate continuously to
provide all necessary requirements, including food, water, shelters
for pilgrims, and healthcare services.Everything required by the
Husseini processions is prepared through donations and aid from
various sources. The research highlights the methods used to
document and collect donations and in-kind and cash aid to cover
the requirements of the A lziyara alarbieinia. The research relied on
a questionnaire designed to test the research hypothesis. (250) valid
questionnaires were distributed for analysis according to SPSS-23.
The research concluded with a number of conclusions. Conclusions,
the most prominent of which were that spending through donations
and aid is voluntary and largely lacks documentation, even though
the amounts spent by processions and individuals increase from
year to year, according to the survey results.

Religious centers have two important dimensions, the first is social
and the second is material (physical), which is closely linked to the first
dimension. The social dimension influences and motivates the preservation
and development of religious buildings. Furthermore, religious buildings
have a direct impact on society because they carry historical events and
facts that can be communicated to the recipient across different eras.
The city is one of the most important religious cities in Iraq because its
center contains shrines and religious sites, foremost among which are the
shrines of Imam Hussein and his brother Abbas, peace be upon them. This
religious center witnesses the arrival of millions of visitors, especially
during religious pilgrimage seasons, most notably the Arbaeen pilgrimage.The research focuses on the cultural heritage of the religious center
of Karbala, due to its historical, aesthetic, and spiritual values, as well
as its economic and social values. The research problem can thus be
formulated as to what conservation policies are being adopted to revive
cultural heritage and what their impact is on users during religious
pilgrimages, particularly the Arbaeen pilgrimage. The research aims to
identify appropriate policies for preserving cultural heritage to enhance
its role during the Arbaeen pilgrimage. The research assumes the city
contains numerous buildings with a cultural heritage that can contribute
to achieving social, aesthetic, and economic benefits.
The practical aspect depends on collecting data using Geographic
Information Systems (GIS) and field surveys of buildings with cultural
heritage. Analyzing the number of visitors during religious pilgrimage
seasons and the Arbaeen pilgrimage, and conducting field analysis
according to three main factors (heritage structures and buildings, urban
fabric, and land uses - cultural and religious activities of users). The
research paper is based on analyzing the reality and proposing planning
treatments that help decision-makers develop the city’s religious center, as
this contributes to providing better services to visitors.

The Arbaeen pilgrimage to Imam al-Husayn (peace be upon him) is
considered one of the most important visitations and religious occasions
for the Shi’a. Its legitimacy is based on several jurisprudential texts and
narrations from the Imams (peace be upon them), which emphasize the
great merit of visiting Imam al-Husayn on this day and regard it as one of
the signs of a believer.
The pilgrimage represents a prominent religious, spiritual, and cultural
event in the Shi’a and broader Islamic consciousness. It reflects the
principle of steadfastness upon the truth, commemorates the tragedy of
Karbala, and reaffirms the status of Imam al-Husayn in the collective
conscience of the believers.
In this humble research, we have examined the narrative (jurisprudential
and hadith-based) and historical texts related to this visitation from various
dimensions, highlighting the necessity of studying it within an academic
framework to understand its roots, development, and civilizational impac

This study addresses the concept of“ abandoning the preferable act”
within the context of the Arbaeen pilgrimage ,considering it as a subtle
element of the Islamic ethical system .It does not amount to sin ,yet it
reveals a profound dimension of religious consciousness and spiritual
duty .The research explores the legal and moral meaning of adhering
to the preferable act ,distinguishes it from the lawful and unlawful ,and
shows how neglecting it indicates varying degrees of closeness to God,
especially among His devoted servants.
Through Qur’anic and narrational analysis of the lives of the prophets,
it becomes evident that abandoning the preferable act—despite their
infallibility—was a cause of great trials for them .This highlights that
adhering to the preferable act serves as a precise criterion for spiritual
ascension .The study further applies this concept to the behavior of the
pilgrims ofImamHussein’s Arbaeen ,detailing the educational ,behavioral,
and social consequences of neglecting what is religiously preferable
during the pilgrimage ,such as neglecting prayer ,showing weakness in
altruism ,or prioritizing comfort over giving and active participation.
The research aimsto demonstrate how this concept ,despite its apparent
simplicity ,can distinguish between those who perform rituals merely
formally and those who approach God through them with conscious hearts
and pure souls .It also seeks to reorder priorities along the millions-strong
march of the Arbaeen pilgrimage in a way that reinforces the authentic
Husayni purpose of reform ,awareness ,and transformation.

This is a research on sustainable factors in the Arbaeen Visit, which I
started with an introduction titled: Sustainable Development and the Arbaeen
Visit, followed by three paragraphs:
- Sustainable Development Factors in the Visit
- Sustainable Economic Factors in the Visit
- The Iraqi Government’s Shortcomings in the Visit Development Projects
At the conclusion of the research, we observed the following:
1- Sustainable development is defined as the development that responds
to the needs of the present without jeopardizing the ability of future
generations to meet their needs.
2- These factors in the Arbaeen Visit can be divided into five sections:
Social factors.
Economic factors.
Personal factors.
Religious factors.
Political factors.
3- Therefore, we must monitor the most important factors and economic
benefits resulting from these religious visits so that those in charge can take care of them and develop them. This can be summarized as follows:
A-Providing job opportunities: The more the number of visitors increases, the more tourism projects increase in their various forms and colors.
Therefore, these projects need workers who create new job opportunities for
us, which leads to a decrease in the unemployment rate, thus contributing
to raising the standard of living and well-being of the individual within the
country, as any increase in the number of hotels, assuming an increase in
the number of tourists, results in an increase in demand for the number of
beds and their accessories, sanitary ware, and other services.
B- Increasing capital: We can clearly sense such money in the number
of visitors, especially during the Arbaeen visit.
T- Type of commercial goods and their development: The commercial
market develops in light of the atmosphere of public visits to the Imams of
the Household (peace be upon them) and the visit of Al-Hussain (peace be
upon him) in particular on the day of Arbaeen, according to the increase
in the number of visitors and their diversity, whether they are from inside
or outside the country. The visitor will see various types of commercial
goods coming from outside the country in various fields, which opens
the doors for visitors to choose the best and most beautiful of them at
the cheapest prices as a result of this economic competition on the one
hand, and on the other hand, there is a wide scope for marketing domestic
products in a large way, in addition to developing and improving them
in a way that is consistent with and meets the diverse requirements of
the market during this period. C- Investing in the path of the Master of
Martyrs: We must invest the marches on foot to the Master of Martyrs in
building religious foundations, scientific institutions, and service projects
to revive the marches of the Household of the Prophet (peace be upon
them) in general and the renaissance of Al-Hussain (peace be upon him)
in particular, and to spread their goals, consolidate their knowledge, and
pave their roads, and other things, so that the visitor of the Master of
Martyrs feels that he has participated and contributed to the material
and practical giving in establishing and consolidating the landmarks of
the Household of the Prophet (peace be upon them) on the ground, by
providing the establishment of a scientific university in the name of Imam
Al-Hussain (peace be upon him), or establishing charitable endowments for visitors, the poor, orphans, and the sick, or paving the roads and
streets leading to his shrine (peace be upon him), or printing useful and
purposeful books in spreading the knowledge of the Household of the
Prophet (peace be upon them) and their culture and distributing them to
the people at very reasonable prices, and other charitable and numerous
projects that serve the school of the Household of the Prophet (peace be
upon them), by placing large special boxes at the entrances. Karbala and
the streets leading to it, and inside the city, similar to zakat boxes, to put
donations from visitors and walkers to revive the path of the Master of
Martyrs, taking into account that the visitor is free to put the amount he
donates, even if it is the smallest denomination of money, and it is better
to put a title on each box, such as putting a box that says (feeding visitors),
another box (establishing an Islamic university), and a third box (printing
books to spread the sciences of the family of the Prophet), and so on, and
the donor and visitor can choose the box that meets his goal and objective,
provided that the project management is undertaken by an independent
body special from people of faith, integrity, and sincerity under the
supervision and blessing of the religious authority. 4- The research proved
the shortcomings of the Iraqi government in the projects to develop visits,
especially the Arbaeen visit, starting with the transportation problem, the
hotel problem, preparing public roads, and medical aid0

Islam is a comprehensive educational system that shapes human character
and guides behavior according to its teachings to achieve its goals at the
individual and societal levels. Through the narratives of the Ahl al-Bayt,
reform is achieved through direct guidance toward goodness or by presenting
practical models to be emulated. One of the most prominent examples of this
is Imam Hussein (peace be upon him), who is considered a model of sacrifice
and reform. The Arbaeen pilgrimage is a religious and social event that reflects
Islamic values ​​and influences the thinking and education of young people.

All praise is due to Allah, Lord of the worlds, and may peace and
blessings be upon our Prophet Muhammad and his pure, righteous
household.Morality has two dimensions, and if it vanishes, everything else
collapses. The narrower meaning pertains to interpersonal conduct—such
as greeting others, smiling, and being flexible and kind. The broader and
more significant meaning involves mastering the rational, temperamental,
and carnal forces within, which is a demanding process. We often
mistake the mere possession of the first type as full moral character,
though it represents only a small partThe impact of both meanings on
an individual’s life can be observed in three main outcomesPersonal
happiness in this world, as Imam al-Sadiq (peace be upon him) said:
“He who has bad manners torments himself.»Happiness in the Hereafter.
The foundational role of ethics in building civilizations and societies.
As poet Ahmed Shawqi said:«Nations are built upon ethics—if their
morals perish, so do they.»Despite technological and scientific progress,
Islamic societies still suffer from alternating moral crises affecting both
individuals and communities. From this standpoint, this research seeks to
highlight the behavioral values and their epistemological implications, as
reflected in the Arbaeen Pilgrimage of Imam Hussein, which is viewed
as a comprehensive ethical philosophy guaranteeing happiness for both
individuals and society.Therefore, the study emphasizes the significance
of behavior and knowledge as the core of moral development that connects
all humanity, regardless of race, gender, or ethnicity

In recent decades, the Arbaeen pilgrimage of Imam al-Husayn has
emerged as one of the most prominent religious and social phenomena
in the Islamic world, due to its vast human scale, growing symbolic and
cultural dimensions, and its gradual transformation into a phenomenon
that transcends geographical and sectarian boundaries.
This expanding reality has raised new epistemic questions regarding
the nature of this ritual and the possibility of integrating it into a project
for building a contemporary Islamic civilization.
This study stems from a central question concerning the potential
of the Arbaeen pilgrimage to transform from a popular religious ritual
into a civilizational lever that can be incorporated within the project of
a new Islamic civilization. It seeks to examine the extent to which this
pilgrimage can be integrated into a comprehensive civilizational vision
concerned with constructing a collective consciousness and fostering a
modern human renaissance.
The study’s main hypothesis is that the Arbaeen pilgrimage, with its
profound social, spiritual, and mobilizational capacities, represents one of the viable pathways for civilizational transformation—if it is activated
within a coherent intellectual and visionary framework.The study concludes that the underlying dimensions of this ritual—its mass
participation, its value-laden symbolism, and its transnational character—
contain the components of a unique civilizational project. Such a project
can contribute to shaping a mission-oriented collective consciousness and
to activating dynamics of change within Islamic societies.
However, this can only be realized through reorienting the phenomenon
within an integrated civilizational strategy—one that balances the spiritual
essence of the ritual with the requirements of civic development, thereby
transforming it from a spontaneous popular act into a purposeful, missiondriven practice with a long-term civilizational impact.

Sectarianism and ethnic conflicts have often played a significant role in
the destruction of many nations and civilizations. Over time، as the world
expanded and countries grew، including the Islamic nations، diverse ethnic
groups entered Islam، with varying previous religious backgrounds، whether
monotheistic or pagan، and from different regions such as Sind، India،
Persia، and others. Today، with the spread of Islam، the Muslim population
is estimated to exceed 2 billion، constituting 25% of the world’s population.
Given the strength and unity of Muslims، which is difficult to overcome، the
enemies of Islam have sought to incite ethnic sectarianism among Muslims
to target and destroy particularly the youth through ideological deviation.
In response، Muslims have resisted this destructive intellectual war، with
the path of the Ahl al-Bayt (A) embodied in the Arbaeen pilgrimage serving
as one of the key ways to confront this deviation. During the Arbaeen
pilgrimage، even within a single procession، Muslims are united in one
line، walking towards the symbol of resilience and sacrifice، Imam Husayn
(A). There are no sectarian divisions or grudges، but rather unity، despite
differences in language، skin color، or nationality، all aligning in a common
rhythm of slogans، reviving the Arbaeen rituals in accordance with the path
and teachings of Imam Husayn (A).
The study is divided into main topics and subtopics. The first section
discusses sectarianism and ethnicity in terms of language، definition،
and history. The second section examines the Arbaeen pilgrimage and its
impact on combating division and unifying the Muslim ranks. The third
section addresses the solution to sectarianism and the call for peaceful
coexistence as outlined in the Quran and Sunnah. The study concludes
with findings، followed by: a list of sources ،and references.