Journal Of Al-Imam University Collage

There is no doubt that anyone who follows the literary heritage of the pre-Islamic era will clearly notice the connection of individuals to the tribal system prevailing at that time. Anyone who reads the Lamiyat al-Arab will immediately see that Shanfara is disconnected from society and transcends any tribal affiliation, especially if the reader takes with him the historical data that stipulates that the vagabonds rebel against tribal systems in all their forms. However, a close examination of the poem and a careful reading of its depths reveals that the poet - like any Arab in that era - sees affiliation as one of the components of his existence. This study has taken it upon itself to uncover the aspects of that affiliation, and then concluded with the most important results that the research yielded. It became clear to us through this approach that the poet’s sense of belonging manifested itself in multiple forms: sometimes in his people (his nation’s people), sometimes in the world of ferocious beasts, sometimes in the war gear he possesses, and fourthly through creative participation in his poetic text. In all of this, we find him arrogant and unique among his peers in any social relationship he practices or behavioral value he possesses, and he does not accept any belonging unless it is based on his own conditions. What distinguishes him from noble qualities prevents him from accepting any conditions imposed on him by the social institution.

This paper investigates the role of lexical choices in Arthur Miller’s dramatic language, focusing on how vocabulary constructs characterization, conveys psychological depth, and reflects ideological concerns. Drawing on stylistic frameworks by Leech and Short (2007), Culpeper (2001), Simpson (2004), Wales (2014), and Bakhtin (1981), the study examines selected plays, primarily Death of a Salesman and The Crucible, to demonstrate how Miller differentiates characters through register, repetition, semantic fields, and metaphorical lexis. The analysis reveals that neutral vocabulary in authorial remarks provides a contextual framework, while character dialogue—ranging from colloquial and idiomatic to formal and elevated—encodes social position, internal conflict, and relational dynamics. Repetition and semantic clustering highlight cognitive and emotional patterns, whereas metaphorical language intensifies thematic resonance and ideological critique. The findings underscore that Miller’s lexical strategy is not merely ornamental but constitutive of meaning, shaping character identity and audience perception. The paper contributes to literary stylistics by illustrating the intricate interplay between lexis, character, and ideology in modern drama and offers implications for both textual and performance-based interpretations.

The present study aims to investigate the effect of the S.N.I.P.S strategy on the academic achievement of second-grade intermediate students in social studies and on the development of their inferential thinking. To achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher adopted the experimental method as it is appropriate for identifying the impact of the proposed strategy. Accordingly, a set of research hypotheses consistent with the nature of the study was formulated.
The study was limited to second-grade intermediate students enrolled in boys’ secondary schools under the General Directorate of Education in Salah al-Din Governorate during the academic year (2024–2025). An experimental design with two groups (experimental and control) was employed. The research sample consisted of (63) students from Yathrib Secondary School, with (32) students assigned to the experimental group and (31) students to the control group. Equivalence between the two groups was established with respect to the relevant variables.The researcher constructed an achievement test comprising (35) items, which was administered at the end of the experiment. In addition, an inferential thinking test consisting of (60) items was developed and administered both before and after the experimental treatment. The validity, reliability, and psychometric properties of both tests were verified. The results revealed a statistically significant superiority of the experimental group students, who were taught according to the S.N.I.P.S strategy, over the control group students, who were taught using the traditional method, in both academic achievement and inferential thinking.

The text discusses the book ʿAqd al-Jawāhir fī Sharḥ al-Fiqh al-Akbar by Shaykh Sulaymān ibn Ṭālib al-Salāḥī. This work is an important instructional commentary on al-Fiqh al-Akbar by Imām Abū Ḥanīfah, one of the earliest foundational texts on creed (ʿaqīdah) within Sunni Islam. The commentary aims to simplify the original text and clarify its expressions while maintaining scholarly precision.
The author is distinguished by clarity and systematic organization: he explains key terminology, then addresses major theological issues such as faith, divine attributes, predestination, and prophethood. He relies on the Qur’an, the Sunnah, and accessible rational arguments, while also responding to doubts and presenting the Sunni position without resorting to later complex scholastic disputation.
The significance of this commentary lies in its role as a vital link between the heritage of the second Islamic century and later readers. It also offers a practical model for reviving theological heritage and highlights the educational role of such commentaries in preserving doctrinal identity and transmitting it across generations.

Orientalist studies, with their diverse aims and objectives, have taken upon themselves the task of studying the Arab-Islamic city.
No fair researcher can deny the merits and scholarly efforts of Orientalist studies.
My task in this research is to compile what the Orientalist Streik wrote about Iraqi cities (Baghdad, Wasit) in the Encyclopedia of Islam, discuss the historical facts they mentioned, and identify the cities and figures mentioned in the study.
The Orientalist Streik sometimes agreed with historians in their mention of the plans and historical events mentioned in his writings, and at other times he disagreed with them.

This research presents an analytical academic study of the personality of the scholar Ala al-Din Ali ibn Ahmad al-Mahaimi (may Allah have mercy on him), as one of the most prominent scholars of India in the eighth century AH, who made a clear contribution to consolidating Islamic creed and spreading the sciences of Qur’anic exegesis, theology, and Sufism. The study focuses on highlighting his doctrinal views as presented in his book Ajillat al-Ta’yid fi Sharh Adillat al-Tawhid, with special attention to the manuscript Ajillat al-Ta’yid fi Sharh Adillat al-Tawhid, which is considered one of his most important works on the issues of monotheism.

The research discusses al-Mahaimi’s personal and scholarly biography, as well as his upbringing in a scholarly and spiritual environment that helped him excel in the Islamic sciences, particularly Qur’anic interpretation and creed. It also examines the political, social, and cultural context of the era in which he lived and its influence on the formation of his intellectual thought. Furthermore, the study highlights al-Mahaimi’s methodology in addressing doctrinal issues through his reliance on the Qur’an, rational evidence, and his comparative analysis of the views of Islamic sects—especially between the people of Sunnah and the Muʿtazilites—while clarifying points of agreement and disagreement.

The research concludes that al-Mahaimi’s interpretive approach represents a scholarly model that combines depth of thought with clarity of expression, which enabled him to convey the principles of correct Islamic creed to a wide audience of Muslims.

The hadith scholar Al Khattabi is one of the prominent figures of hadith scholarship. He rendered great service to the Prophetic hadith and authored a number of works in this field. He was among the first to compose books on the explanation of hadith collections, and those who came after him benefited from his contributions in this area. Among these works is his book Maʿalim al Sunan, a commentary on Sunan Abi Dawud, which is considered the first commentary written on this collection.

Al Khattabi also issued judgments on hadiths, particularly in this book. Among these judgments is his description of eight hadiths as having a good chain of transmission. These hadiths have been collected and studied after presenting an introduction to Al Khattabi and his book Maʿalim al Sunan, as well as discussing the statement of hadith scholars regarding the phrase (its chain of transmission is good)

Gender-based discrimination represents one of the most prominent manifestations of structural inequality within societies. In the United States of America, these policies have been escalating at an increasing pace in recent years, Historically, politics has always been biased in favor of men at the expense of women, ignoring their specific needs and concerns. This reality propelled efforts to establish feminist movements and associations advocating for women's rights and entitlements, aiming to address gender disparities. Through decades of struggle and perseverance, women have managed to wrest recognition for their demand and work towards equality with men, via constitutional amendments and civil rights legislation. This has achieved significant gains towards their aspirations, although full demands have not its Western counterparts, particularly regarding women's representation in senior political offices. Despite this abstention, the Mamluks did not abandon their role as guardians of the Two Holy Mosques. They used other rituals, such as sending the Holy Mahmal, to enhance their religious legitimacy. This strategy demonstrated a deep awareness of the importance of employing religion to serve political power, compensating for their personal absence from the pilgrimage. In the end, the Circassian Mamluks\' abstention from Hajj was a complex decision with deep political and religious implications. It was not a purely religious choice but a reflection of a constant struggle between religious duty and political necessity, revealing the Mamluk system\'s nature, which prioritized political security above all else.

The research entitled: "The Connection of the Plural Mim According to the Reciters Ibn Kathir and Nafi' - Surah Al-Mutaffifin as a Model" sheds light on the seven reciters and their narrators who connected the plural Mim, and how they pronounce it. This study aims to clarify the true differences between the reciters, which are differences of diversity due to differences of opposition or conflict, as opposition is impossible in the Book of God Almighty. This is a chapter of the utmost miraculousness of this blessed Book, as it is one of the correct readings with which the revelation was revealed. It includes a practical comparison with the reading of Ibn Kathir Al-Makki and the narrators of Nafi' (Qalun and Warsh), and an understanding of their differences in connection with the rest of the seven imams and their narrators, specifically in one of the surahs of the Holy Quran, Surah Al-Mutaffifin, due to the presence of more than one example of the plural Mim in this surah. All of this serves the Book of God Almighty through its study and careful recitation.

This research examines the idea of Arab unity as one of the most significant intellectual and political issues in modern Arab history during the period 1950–1970. It aims to explore the discrepancy between the Arab nationalist ideological discourse, which promoted unity as the historical destiny of the Arab nation, and the political reality characterized by fragmentation and competing state interests. The study adopts a historical-analytical methodology, tracing the evolution of the concept within its chronological context and analyzing the internal and external factors that influenced its trajectory. The findings reveal that unity experiments, notably the United Arab Republic (1958–1961), encountered structural challenges that prevented their sustainability, including conflicting national agendas and the inconsistency between ideology and political realities. The research concludes that the idea of Arab unity remained more ideological than practical, yet it significantly contributed to shaping Arab national consciousness and the broader discourse of Arab political identity.

The current research seeks to identify the effectiveness of reinforcement in developing human resource management strategies, a field study at the University of Baghdad. To achieve the objectives of the current research, the researcher followed the steps of the case study approach at the University of Baghdad by using a questionnaire as a means of collecting data and information from a sample of (150) employees at the University of Baghdad, according to a set of demographic variables (gender, age, academic qualifications, and work experience). The researcher was careful to verify the validity and reliability of the questionnaire. After applying it, the research concluded that:
1. The relative weight of reinforcement was (77%), with an arithmetic mean of (3.89) and a standard deviation of (0.55). According to the classification criteria, the employment of reinforcement among employees at the University of Baghdad was at a very good level. Task Reengineering came in first place with a relative weight of 78%, followed by Context Reengineering with a relative weight of 77%.
2. The relative weight of human resource management strategies was 79%, with a mean of 3.95 and a standard deviation of 0.57, indicating that the University of Baghdad's adoption of human resource management strategies was at a very good level. After recruitment, performance evaluation came in first place with a relative weight of 82%, followed by incentives and rewards with a relative weight of 78%. Human resource planning came in third place with a weight of 77%, followed by training and development with a weight of 74%.
3. There is a statistically significant relationship between the use of task reengineering and the development of human resource management strategies.
4. There is a statistically significant relationship between the use of context reengineering and the development of human resource management strategies.