journal of kufa studies center

The research aims to identify the extent of the Karbala Education Directorates interest in the core capabilities and its active role and the positive reflection of this role on the achievement of organizational agility, and in order to achieve this, the core capabilities in their dimensions (organizational learning, technology management, human capital, strategic flexibility) were adopted as an independent variable, while organizational agility with its dimensions (sensing, response speed) was adopted as a dependent variable.
The research was conducted on a sample of (142) individuals working in the Directorate of Education of the Holy of Karbala, and the size of the research population was (216) and the sample size table method of (Krejci & Morgan, 1970:608) was used to determine the sample size. In light of the above, the study tried to answer a number of questions that formed the problem of the study, the most prominent of which are the following:
- Clarifying the foundations of the intellectual debate on the concepts of intrinsic capabilities and organizational agility with the aim of contributing to reducing the overlap within the concepts of study variables and distinguishing them from other related concepts .
* Are the core capabilities of the Directorate of Education of the Holy Karbala of Karbala being applied or invested in a way that contributes to strengthening and enhancing organizational agility?
A hypothetical model was developed that reflects the nature of the relationship between the variables and was explained by a set of main and sub-hypotheses that were tested, and in testing the hypotheses was based on the (SPSS.V.23) program, some statistical methods were used for the data collected through the questionnaire form, and the data were subjected to descriptive statistical analysis using the weighted arithmetic mean, standard deviation, and the intensity of the answer, then advanced statistical analysis to determine the correlation and effect relationships between the independent and dependent variables.

This study aims to show the impact of some monetary policy variables represented by the money supply and the inflation rate in the general index of the Iraqi stock market for the period (2004-2022) by studying the reality of the Iraqi monetary policy based on the data of the Central Bank on the variables of monetary policy and the Iraqi stock market through the analysis of five indicators of the total index of stock prices. The index of trading volume, market capitalization, stock turnover and the number of companies, and standard methods were used to determine the extent of the impact of monetary policy on the Stock Market Index during the Study Period (2004 - 2022). The hypothesis of the study shows that monetary policy has an impact on the indices of the Iraqi stock market and that this effect varies according to the level of economic and social development. The impact it leaves behind varies depending on the type of policy. Second, the implementation of expansionary policies will stimulate the economy and reflect positively on market indicators. This can affect all aspects of the economy, as the impact depends on the amount of liquidity. Domestic and aggregate demand affect the profits of companies, and therefore in the Iraqi Stock Market Index, the study reached a set of conclusions: there is a direct relationship between monetary policy variables and the Iraqi stock market during the study period. Monetary policy indicators had a significant impact on the performance indicators of the Iraqi stock market during the study period. The study also reached a set of recommendations, the most important of which are to promote Iraqi economic growth, develop the Iraqi stock market, introduce modern technologies to the Iraqi financial market, develop plans to attract investors in the Iraqi financial markets, and increase cultural awareness among investors.

Rationality in the field of application of the criminal text is an approach that directs the judge towards rational thinking in understanding reality and the law in order to build judicial rulings based on certainty and certainty and not on suspicion, as applied rationality goes through a series of processes, starting with the judge's attempt to understand the fact presented to him in the criminal case and adapting the legal text to it, and ending with the decision of this case by issuing a judgment that includes the judge's conclusion .
Our research deals with the clarification of applied rationality as one of the stages of the implementation of rationality in criminal policy, in terms of the criminal judge's attempt to apply the rational approach to study the facts contained in the criminal case he is considering and understand the legal judgment applicable to those facts, draw conclusions, and issue a criminal verdict, whether by conviction or acquittal, as this judgment is the final result of the criminal proceedings and the truth sought from them. Therefore, in this research, we relied on the analytical method to analyze some legislations and judicial rulings related to the subject of the research in order to reach the most important conclusions and proposals.

The current century has witnessed the emergence of what is known as globalization, which has contributed to the emergence of many phenomena and variables at the level of the individual and society, foremost of which is the enormous technological development that accompanied it, thus facilitating many areas of his economic and social life for the individual and facilitating institutions of different directions to work. However, despite what we mentioned above about the positive role of globalization, what cannot be denied is that openness and actual and electronic contact in light of globalization has contributed terribly to the visit of crime on the one hand, and to the appearance of criminal patterns different from the traditional ones on the other hand, which are known as new crimes.

The purpose of the research is to identify the legal nature of the penal protection of freedom of expression, and the importance of the research in the penal protection and its legal nature of the freedom of opinion, comes through the Iraqi laws that stipulate the protection of the right to express opinion, as well as the constitution of the Republic of Iraq of 2005, as well as the importance of studying the subject to increase libraries with sources and references that dealt with the legal nature of penal protection. The problem of the research lies in the following question: What is the legal nature of the penal protection of freedom of expression? In order to reach the desired results of the research, the researcher used the descriptive-analytical method and in some cases the comparative method to find out the results .

The missile shield project is one of the most important thorny and disputed issues between the United States of America, the European Union within the scope of NATO, and even the Russian Federation, as the United States of America has followed many international methods and arrangements in order to protect its security and the security of its European allies, and the United States Missile Defense project was called the Ballistic Missile Defense Project. BMD) was at the forefront of these arrangements, which led to many disputes between the United States of America, European countries (the European Union), and the Russian Federation.

This research will be on the approach of Sheikh al-Tusi in his grammatical and semantic research in his book Al-Iddah fi Usul al-Fiqh, and it will have four demands, the first requirement: neutrality and objectivity in quoting from scholars from the people of origins and grammarians, and it will have two points, the first will be in its objectivity during its presentation of issues and supporting what is presented with rational and transmittal evidence, and the second will be in the opinions of grammarians, jurists and speakers. This approach has been followed in most of its presentations of grammatical and semantic problems.
The second requirement will be in the release of critical grammatical judgments, with his preferences and interpretations in issues, and it will be in three points, mentioning the applications to them from the book, the first is the release of grammatical critical judgments, the second is his grammatical weights, and the third is his interpretations of linguistic issues, while the third demand will be in the approach of Sheikh al-Tusi in his presentation of evidence and retrieval , where he used to refer to the previous words and mention many of the sayings without mentioning their authors.
As for the fourth requirement, it was in its approach at the beginning and end of the chapters, where at the beginning of each chapter a definition of grammatical and semantic terms is mentioned and concludes it with a phrase that is mostly similar, and it will be in two points: the first: the definition of grammatical and semantic terms before starting to classify their issues, such as the statement and the command, and the second is in the phrase with which the chapters of the chapters are usually concluded, which is the phrase (a sufficient sentence).

The study tagged The Political and National Role of the Sheikhs of the Middle Euphrates Tribes in the Modern and Contemporary History of Iraq - Sheikh Mubadr Al-Pharaoh - The Al-Fatalah Clan as a Model - 1780-1918) came to shed light on the national and national political role of an important figure of the sheikhs of the Middle Euphrates tribes, namely the personality of Mubadr Al-Pharaoh, the Sheikh of the Al-Fatla Al-Qahtaniyah clan living mainly in the Middle Euphrates, in the modern and contemporary history of Iraq. Tribal formation has been the largest part of the structure for many centuries of Iraqs contemporary history The impact of this structure on the course of events reflected the influence and direction of the tribal leadership or presidency as the main pillar in building the Iraqi clan in particular and the tribal system in general.
The social and political importance of the personality of Mubadr al-Pharaoh, the sheikh of the Al-Fatla tribe in the Middle Euphrates, emerged through his great role in internal developments, being the leader of a large, important and influential tribe in Iraq and the Middle Euphrates, especially since his sheikhdom extended for several years between 1911-1918 AD, and he was helped by his knowledge of the affairs of the tribes of the Middle Euphrates region and Iraq, which was known for backwardness and tribal conflicts under Ottoman control.
Sheikh Mubadir was able to make his way in life and obtain a plentiful part of primary education, completing all the elements of self-education, learning, and acquiring culture and knowledge after his residence in Baghdad at the beginning of 1905, and he got to know many national and national figures, intellectuals and politicians working on the Iraqi and Arab cause, and some of the enlightened men of the Ottoman authority. In addition to his interest in reading and reviewing all the publications, newspapers, magazines and Arabic publications issued in Iraq, and the arrival of Arabic publications from the Levant and Egypt. Sheikh Mubadir was able to learn Turkish and English in speech and writing with complete proficiency.
The ambition of Mubadir al-Pharaoh and the strength of his social and political personality first prompted the Ottoman authorities to deal with him with confidence, as they found in him the ability to play a supporting role in them, but he soon turned against them because he despaired of the possibilities of the desired reform for Iraq in general and the Middle Euphrates in particular. His rebellion against the ruling authority and his incitement of his tribes to oppose it, and in a more explicit and clear expression, that the Pharaohs father was a man who was not easy to understand by the other side, as the man remained bold in his opinions that were included in his sermon and his opinions on various national and national occasions and positions, which made the Ottomans and the British calculate a thousand accounts for him.
Sheikh Mubadr had a long hand in all the pages of the national and nationalist Arab-Islamic struggle against the Ottomans and the British, and if he had lived longer, he would have been one of the figures who would play a fundamental role in determining the future of Iraq, but his sudden death, which raised doubts , after he attended the ceremony held by the British army in September 1918, at the age of forty-eight, deprived Iraq of its national and national efforts at all levels and fields.

This study aims to shed light on the analysis of the types and types of commercial establishments and their distribution, and to find out through which this use is distributed in all neighborhoods of the city and according to the type, as the patterns of commercial use are characterized by the stability of its institutions represented by their commodity and service specializations, and that what is important in geography is the spatial distribution of commercial use and its patterns, including (many audited institutions) that ranked (first). Regular audit institutions ranked second, institutions with common needs ranked third, luxury institutions and luxuries ranked fourth, and all of these types of shops numbered (3517) shops distributed over 20 neighborhoods and residential localities in the city of Kufa in varying proportions from one place to another.

Linear regression is one of the important and commonly used methods in analyzing, estimating, and predicting the future values of studied phenomena in many economic, medical, psychological, and other branches. The Ordinary Least Square method is one of the most commonly used methods in estimating the equation of linear regression. To apply the Least Squares Method (OLS) A set of assumptions must be fulfilled. However, the violation of one of these assumptions leads to a set of problems, the most important of which is the problem of breaching the natural distribution, the problem of multilinear multilith, the problem of heterogeneity of variance, and the problem of self-correlation between random errors. In this study, the problem of self-correlation was emphasized due to its responsibility for breaching the important properties of ordinary least squares (OLS) estimates.The Brouch-Godfrey test is the most commonly used method for detecting self-correlation. However, recent studies have shown that this test is easily affected by high lever points. In this paper, we proposed a new method for the Brouch-Godfrey hippocampal test that is characterized by its resistance to high lever points. The performance of the proposed method was compared with existing methods using a combination of real data as well as a simulation study. The results of the study showed that the proposed Brosh-Godfrey test is very strong in detecting the problem of self-correlation with and without high lever points.

The researcher addressed the topic of (strategic leadership and its impact on the sustainability of competitive advantage), where the first independent variable, which is (strategic leadership) with only one dimension, was used, while the dependent variable (sustainability of competitive advantage) was dealt with with three dimensions, including (innovation, flexibility, and time). The research sample was represented in the Najaf Governorate Office, as the Najaf Governorate Office has been the researcher's employer for more than 25 years. The research sample was (104) Officials, through whom the questionnaire was conducted, and it is the main source of data collection for applied research in fact. The questionnaire paragraphs were divided into (21) items between strategic leadership and the dimensions of the sustainability of competitive advantage, where the data obtained from the questionnaire were used to conduct statistical analysis through the (SPSS) program. Ver.28), and the results, standard deviation, regression coefficient, and arithmetic mean were extracted through the obtained results. Through statistical analysis, the researcher concluded that there is a positive and strong relationship and effect between strategic leadership and the sustainability of competitive advantage, and the researcher reached a set of recommendations, the most prominent of which

The study relied on descriptive analysis as a tool to measure the variables of the study, and a sample of (120) investors in the Iraq Stock Exchange was selected. Statistical methods and programs (SPSS V.24, SmartPLS) were relied upon.The research reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which is the existence of an interactive relationship for risk management and financial sustainability, and the research reached a set of recommendations, the most important of which is financial risk management requires the need to develop a culture of risk perception among investors and the readiness and ability to bear various conditions to face them, i.e. instilling a culture of risk management for the investor, as well as investors' use of sustainability.Finance has become essential for sustainable growth.

The present research sought to study the possibility of applying digital twinning in the research company and its role in improving organizational performance. Based on the stratified random sampling method, the opinions of a sample of employees at Maysan Oil Company were surveyed.
The research adopted the descriptive analytical method by providing an intellectual explanation of the two research variables, and then a questionnaire form was designed to collect the necessary information about the main and subsidiary research variables, the size of the study population was (5930) employees in all the formations of the research company, and in light of this, (375) questionnaires were distributed, and after sorting and auditing the forms, the number of (365) questionnaires was retrieved, showing that the number of questionnaires valid for statistical analysis is (362) forms. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using two software programs (Smart PLS v.3.3.2 and SPSS v.26). Due to the limited studies that have tried to identify and know the nature of the relationship between the two variables (digital twinning and organizational performance), it is possible that this research can address a problem that directly affects the oil sector and leads to its multiplication in improving the economic situation of the country. The results showed that there are two correlation and impact relationships between the two variables of the study (digital twinning and organizational performance), with the need to consider the impact of these variables when developing the strategic plans of the oil companies under study. In order to improve its reality and catch up with the global oil sector, with the possibility of generalizing the results to the organizational structure of other organizations, with the need to take into account the specificity of the organizations. Therefore, he recommended the need to form a structure capable of advancing the reality of Iraqi oil companies that suffer from poor organizational performance, and this is manifested by supporting digital twinning in all its dimensions in order to improve and develop organizational performance.

The role of smart digital technologies has increased over the past two decades as a strategy for urban planning and development. This article addresses the problem of not using digital technologies that enhance urban resilience in economic fields, including the tourism field. It aims to work on the use of smart digital details, including GIS technologies, as it provides a wide range of technical services, and works on the efficiency and effectiveness of the administrative system. Through a methodology based on the collection of spatial data related to tourist hotels in the city of Najaf. Supervising and working on building databases linked to the site and uploading them through the ArcGIS online application and the analytical infrastructure, provides this data that enhances the tourists choices, provides easy access to the destination that meets his desires, and enhances the citys resilience in this aspect. Within the framework of enabling and employing information and communication technology in the framework of digitizing tourist cities, which leads to reducing the pressure on the city to keep pace with the number of tourists through the use of geographic information systems (GIS) software., through which spatial information relevant to tourist hotels can be provided.

Democracy is defined as the rule of the people, a political system in which sovereignty is for all citizens, not for an individual or a class. It is based on three pillars: freedom, equality and justice, which are characterized by complementarity and solidarity. Democracy, a Western term associated with the historical development of European society, is almost inseparable from the philosophy of European thought.
Mr. Sadr proved through his political theory that he is against capitalism and Marxist socialism because they do not represent the true politics of the democratic system , as the capitalist system was characterized by problems and corruptions, and the socialist Marxist system adopted by Marx and the communists is a system that worked to confiscate wealth in favor of the state as the legitimate agent of the people, and these policies in Mr. Sadrs eyes are failed policies. An Islamic alternative had to be devised, Western trends in general had to be rejected, and the current representative of democracy in most countries is dictatorial and arbitrary governments that do not conform to the requirements of Islam.

Urban greening is the establishment, protection or maintenance of green infrastructure, including trees and plants in and around urban areas, whose benefits are reflected on people, the economy, the environment, soil and water, this concept has gone through different stages over time, but these stages were not clear, this research tries to know the characteristics of urban greening by referring to the history of the concept The problem of the research was the lack of clarity of the historical sequence of the concept of greening and its role in knowing the characteristics of the concept, To solve the research problem, the research adopted a hypothesis that states that knowledge of historical development helps to know the characteristics of urban greening and promoting sustainability, and to achieve the research goal represented in clarifying the historical sequence of the emergence of the concept and benefiting from previous experiences in supporting sustainability, the methodology consisting of several stages was determined, first: building the comprehensive conceptual framework of the historical development of the concept of urban greening, and secondly extracting the vocabulary received throughout history that helps to know the characteristics of urban greening, and then the research concludes in conclusion to a set of conclusions and recommendations.

My study in the selection of free poetry and its great importance, which occupied many studies of researchers and critics, especially since it includes an issue that has taken wide horizons, namely the issue of separating who is most deserving of pioneering in free poetry according to both Badr Shaker Al-Sayyab and Nazek Al-Malaika, as well as the desire to investigate the truths of their free poetry, prompted Al-Hurr poetry to give a new form to the Arabic poem, as if it was the most appropriate for the development of the poem according to the perspective of the pioneers of the early pioneers, Nazek Al-Malaika and Badr Shaker Al-Sayyab, and knowing the form and geometric structure of the poem The New Arabic and the aspect of comparison between the two poets with regard to the development of the poem and the presentation of the importance of free poetry in giving a picture of choice without restrictions or symptoms according to Al-Sayyab and Nazek, and this color of free poetry is the most appropriate by choice in creating this creativity and knowing the poetic elements that represent the prosodic rhythmic image, its multiplicity, the definition of rhythm, its multiplicity and mentioning its goals, and what is the type of rhyme, the features of musical formation, the multiplicity of activations, and the cutting of the prosodic seas in the poem, the multiplicity of activations and their calculation in the poem and he talked about Poetry that includes symbols and legends in order to be more interesting to the reader and the multiplicity of ideas, and these are the most important findings that I reached in Badr Shaker and Nazik Al-Malaika who mentioned above.

The research aims to study the renewal of Islamic thought in the thinker Muhammad Shahrour to renew, focusing on his critical methodology, the research discusses the main axes of Muhammad Shahroors intellectual project, such as the contemporary reading of the Holy Quran, the critique of the jurisprudential heritage, the redefinition of Islamic terms, and the research is based on the reading of his basic works
Besides, the research highlights how Shahrour employs the linguistic and historical approach to understand religious texts in a way that suits the requirements of the modern era, and the research also highlights the importance of the concepts of freedom and rationality in his vision as central tools to overcome the intellectual rigidity experienced by religious discourse.
The research also examines Shahrours critique of traditional interpretations that he believes have been subjected to ancient historical and social determinants that are no longer relevant to the reality of Muslims today, and also reviews his efforts to propose epistemological alternatives that present religious texts as a flexible framework that can be interpreted that serves human beings.
(1938-2019) is a Syrian intellectual of Palestinian origin and a prominent researcher in contemporary Islamic thought, a professor of civil engineering at Damascus University, famous for his renewal reading of the Holy Quran and his critique of the religious heritage, where he presented new visions related to the limits and divine commands in Islam, his writings provoked a wide debate among his supporters and opponents, he dedicated his life to rethinking religious texts in line with the modern era, calling for the separation of religion from the domination of heritage and rigid traditions.

This research is a discussion on the issues mentioned in the interpretation of Abu Al-Jazairi tagged The easiest interpretation of the words of the Almighty, in which the jurists differed, and the research aims to find out the differences in the issues of sale from this Tafsir, and to highlight the most correct view in these issues. The research was divided into an introduction and a preface with two topics:
The preamble is concerned with presenting the concept of sale in language and terminology. The first topic is related to the life of the author and the presumptions, and it has two demands: the first demand: forbidden sales, and it included: the sale of deposits, and the sale at the Friday adhan. The second demand: choices in the sale, and it included issues namely: correspondence with the slave, the ruling on the choice of the council in the sale, and the testimony of the sale. This starts with the choices of Abu Bakr al-Jazairi in these topics. Then, by referring to the approved jurisprudential books that are mentioned in them, concluding by presenting the researcher's opinion towards this difference and explaining its reasons, relying on the comparative method.

Effective protection of the environment cannot be provided without a proper understanding of the current and future risks of environmental damage, the resulting humanitarian crises and political instability.
After the 1972 Stockholm Conference, the seriousness of environmental threats became clear through the increasing and exacerbation of international environmental conflicts, and this type of conflict is new and complex at the same time, due to the specificity of environmental damages, which has had a negative impact on sustainable development.
To this end, this study aims to develop risk assessment by avoiding international environmental disputes, as the majority of international environmental studies and conventions have emphasized the need to work to avoid international environmental disputes, instead of paying attention to settling environmental disputes after their occurrence and the tension they cause in international relations.