AL-Qadisiyah Journal For Administrative and Economic sciences

Abstract :The Current Research Aims To Determine The Relationship Between Artificial Intelligence Applications And Experiential Marketing Practices By Analyzing The Opinions Of A Sample Of (120) Employees Working In Luxury Hotels In Baghdad. The Research Stems From A Fundamental Problem: The Weak Use Of Artificial Intelligence Applications By The Surveyed Sample, Which Is Reflected In Their Experiential Marketing Practices. In Light Of This Problem, A Set Of Hypotheses Was Formulated. To Prove The Hypotheses And Address The Problem, A Questionnaire Was Used As The Primary Tool For Collecting Information And Data, And The Statistical Software (SPSS.Var23a Number Of Results Were Reached, The Most Important Of Which Is That There Is A Statistically Significant Relationship Between Artificial Intelligence Applications And Experiential Marketing Practices Of The Sample Studied.

Abstract : Recycling constitutes a pivotal pillar in advancing sustainability pathways, contributing effectively to mitigating environmental degradation, conserving natural resources, and optimizing energy consumption. This study examines the multidimensional impacts of recycling on sustainable performance within the education sector, using Future University as a case study.
Through an analysis of specialized literature and case studies, the research highlights the positive effects of recycling across environmental, economic, and social dimensions. It also addresses the challenges and barriers hindering the implementation of recycling initiatives, proposing a set of strategies aimed at enhancing their efficiency and effectiveness.
The study underscores the importance of integrating recycling into core policies and business models, given its critical role in resource rationalization, waste reduction, and the achievement of long-term sustainability goals. Ultimately, the research concludes that recycling should be adopted as a strategic entry point for sustainable development, due to its transformative capacity to enable the construction of a circular economy and to strengthen community resilience in the face of environmental and societal challenges.

Abstract : AI is being deployed to transform digital banking, allowing us to move beyond just predictive analytics and fraud detection. But when they implement AI on a scale, they expose sensitive financial information to privacy, security, and compliance breaches. This paper introduces a Secure Intelligence Architecture (SIA). 1 HE, SMPC, DP, and TEE-Based Conceptual Framework Our conceptual framework is a combination of Homomorphic Encryption (HE), Secure Multi-Party Computation (SMPC), Differential Privacy (DP), and Trusted Execution Environments that are used to guarantee end-to-end confidentiality and privacy compliance. Composed of four interdependent fractal layers (Data Governance, Privacy & Cryptography, AI Intelligence, and Compliance & Monitoring), the Academy Framework establishes trust as a continuous, flowing process throughout the entire data lifecycle. According to the theory, the SIA reduces exposure risk and enhances compliance through automated RegTech auditing. A model based on a ‘fake algorithm’ and its formal arithmetic establishes that we can have secure computation without compromising the usability. The research presents an example for building scalable, trustworthy AI in financial ecosystems .

Abstract : This study aims to analyze the impact of technological innovation on the development of digital entrepreneurship through an applied investigation conducted at Asia Cell Telecommunications Company, one of the leading organizations operating in the telecommunications and information technology sector in Iraq. The company represents a fertile environment for implementing concepts of innovation and digital entrepreneurship, particularly in light of the accelerated digital transformation. The significance of this study stems from the increasing need for companies to enhance their competitive capabilities by investing in technological innovation as a strategic tool to support the transition toward sustainable digital entrepreneurship.The research employed the descriptive–analytical approach and utilized a field survey distributed to a sample of Asia Cell employees working in both technical and administrative departments. The instrument was designed to measure the dimensions of technological innovation—namely service innovation, process innovation, research and development expenditures, and patents—and to assess their impact on the development of digital entrepreneurship dimensions, which include digital knowledge, digital business environment, digital financing, and digital leadership.
The statistical analysis, conducted using SPSS, revealed a strong and significant correlation and impact between technological innovation in its various dimensions and the development of digital entrepreneurship. This indicates that innovative practices in services and processes, along with an emphasis on research and development, represent fundamental pillars in supporting the digital business environment at Asia Cell. The results further showed that fostering digital knowledge and digital leadership within the organization contributes to transforming technological innovation into tangible entrepreneurial outcomes, thereby enhancing the company’s ability to innovate and respond to market changes. The study concludes with several recommendations, most notably the need to strengthen a culture of innovation within the work environment at Asia Cell, increase investment in research and development and patent activities, and empower digital leaders capable of directing work teams toward achieving excellence in digital services. Such efforts are essential for ensuring the sustainability of the company’s competitive advantage within the Iraqi telecommunications sector.

Abstract : The aim of this research is to examine the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in improving the digital accounting process and improving the quality of financial reporting in Iraqi government, semi-governmental and commercial institutions. The study uses descriptive analytical methods, which are distributed by questionnaire to 145 selected employees. The results indicate that AI is associated with better efficiency in the accounting supply chain process. They also showed that the speed and accuracy of operations had increased significantly. Compliance with rules, regulations and guidelines that recognise compliance and make things more transparent can help improve the accuracy and quality of financial statements. The study also found that there were technical, human, and legal problems that prevented the best use of artificial intelligence. For example, because there are not enough qualified people, it is difficult to connect to the old system. Based on these results, we recommend companies build their IT systems, train employees, make data secure, open and comply with accounting rules. The results demonstrate the importance of AI as a key solution for improving the financial and accounting performance of digital workplaces.

Abstract: This exploration aims to unveil the role of worth achievement capabilities oblique its dimensions (relational market assets and intellectual market assets) in digital transformation eagerness athwart its dimensions (digital infrastructure, digital human resources, digital organizational culture, and digital security requirements). The study working a questionnaire to expanse the availability of value procurement capabilities and digital revolution gameness among capacity associates in sequestered universities and academies in central Iraqi boondocks. The research problematic was straddling by the central interrogation: To what series do value achievement capabilities endorse to digital transformation enthusiasm? The model size involved of 472 faculty followers. The exploration adopted a descriptive-analytical approach, functioning the statistical posts SPSS version 29 and AMOS version 29. Results were gained for normal spreading, structural equation modeling, reliability coefficient, arithmetic means, standard eccentricities, relative standing, correlation matrix, and regression constant. The results indicated that worth acquisition capabilities represent a pivotal element in enhancing digital transformation enthusiasm. Digital transformation readiness within private academies: It has been publicized that educational establishments that possess the volume to engage, adapt, and exploit digital knowledge in evolving their hypothetical and directorial processes are better equipped to keep pace with digital transformation effectually.

Abstract : In light of the significant and rapid developments and the increasing intensity of competition among institutions to gain a competitive advantage, and knowing how to manage their institutions in a sound strategic manner, to keep pace with major institutions, exploit the opportunities available to them, avoid risks, and achieve excellence and superiority in their performance, this study aimed to identify the impact of strategic thinking patterns on institutional performance through the mediating role of capability flexibility in that relationship in Iraqi private universities. The relationship was built, the study model and its hypotheses were based on the literature of the study, as well as utilizing previous studies in developing the study measures. A questionnaire was designed to collect data, and (237) questionnaires were distributed, of which (231) were returned, with a response rate of (97.46%). To ensure the degree of reliability of the data, Cronbach's alpha test was used, and the path analysis method and structural equation modeling were used to test the hypotheses. The study reached a number of results, the most important of which is: the existence of a significant positive relationship with an impact between strategic thinking patterns and financial performance, and that capability flexibility mediates the relationship between strategic thinking patterns and financial performance.

Abstract: This study investigates the persistent influence of green technology dimensions (climate and environmental) on the facets of sustainable organizational behavior (harmony, discipline, and conscientiousness). The research specifically examines the impact of climate and environmental changes on the target sample of employees at the University of Babylon, Iraq. A total of 238 employees were targeted, with 228 valid responses obtained for analysis. The researchers utilized the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) to analyze the collected data.
The study formulated six hypotheses, all of which were empirically supported. Drawing on relevant scholarly sources, the findings underscore the importance of implementing this study's framework to enhance the performance of all employees at the University of Babylon. This should be coupled with providing comprehensive and sustainable improvements to their living conditions. Such an integrated approach is posited to foster a positive work environment, thereby motivating employees to perform at their best. Ultimately, this cultivates lasting cooperation among staff and with the institution itself, effectively channeling employee conscientiousness into a positive and sustained contribution towards achieving established programs and strategic plans.

Abstract: The study aimed to test the impact of emotional intelligence of administrative leaders on organizational commitment and job performance, and to reveal the mediating role of organizational commitment in this relationship. The study adopted the descriptive analytical approach, and a questionnaire consisting of (32) items was applied to a stratified random sample of (320) individuals from leaders and employees in service sector organizations.
The results revealed a statistically significant impact of emotional intelligence with its five components (self-awareness, self-regulation, motivation, empathy, social skills) on organizational commitment with its dimensions (affective, continuity, normative), as well as a significant impact of emotional intelligence on job performance (task, contextual). The results also confirmed the partial mediating role of organizational commitment in the relationship between emotional intelligence and job performance.
The study concluded with a set of recommendations, most notably: designing specialized training programs to develop emotional intelligence for leaders, adopting emotional intelligence standards in leader selection and promotion processes, and integrating emotional intelligence indicators into performance evaluation systems.

Abstract: The current research aims to identify the relationship between digital transformation through its dimensions (leadership support, infrastructure, digital security, and resource mobilization) and the digital customer experience through its dimensions (functional cues, mechanical cues, and human cues). The research problem is represented by several questions aimed at understanding the conceptual frameworks of its variables and diagnosing the level of interest in them in the field. Additionally, it seeks to identify the appropriate actions by the company. Two main hypotheses were proposed, branching into several sub-hypotheses to measure the level of correlation and impact by analyzing the relationship between these variables. The study was conducted on the customers of Asiacell in Al-Diwaniyah province as the research field to test its hypotheses. A questionnaire was used as the method for data collection with regards to the field part of the study, with an expected sample size of 150 people. The study drew various conclusions, the most significant one being that digital transformation has a significant relation and impact on digital customer experience.

Abstract: In recent decades, the world has witnessed a sweeping digital revolution leading to the widespread adoption of modern technologies across various life domains. Among the most prominent of these is barcode technology, which has become a fundamental tool for organizing supply chains, controlling products, and improving service efficiency. However, despite its benefits, this technological advancement raises ethical questions concerning the extent to which institutions and societies adhere to principles of honesty, transparency, privacy protection, and ethical responsibility when implementing this technology.
While barcode systems contribute to enhancing reliability and preventing commercial fraud, they may conversely be exploited to collect user data without consent or to entrench disparities between entities capable of using the technology and those deprived of it. Hence arises the need to study the relationship between technological innovation and ethical responsibility in this field.
Within the context of production and marketing processes in business organizations, particularly manufacturing entities, a fundamental relationship emerges involving the consumer as a key party in the market equation, being the most influential variable in determining supply and demand trends. Although many countries, including Iraq, have taken legislative steps to protect consumer rights through enacting clear laws, this legal protection does not absolve the producer or marketer from bearing ethical responsibility towards the consumer, especially concerning transparency and credibility in presenting product-related information.

Abstract: The research aims to analyze the role of bank liquidity in supporting credit granted to the private sector in the Iraqi economy during the period (2010-2024). This is achieved by studying the time trends of both variables and analyzing the nature of the relationship between them in light of the economic and financial developments witnessed in Iraq during that period. The importance of this stems from the vital role bank liquidity plays in enabling banks to perform their credit functions, in addition to the fact that directing credit towards the private sector is one of the most important requirements for achieving sustainable economic growth. The research relied on a descriptive analytical approach, drawing on official data issued by the Central Bank of Iraq and analyzing indicators of banking liquidity and credit granted to the private sector over a period of fifteen years. This allowed for an extrapolation of the relationship between liquidity availability and the level of lending in the Iraqi banking system. The results showed that banking liquidity levels in Iraq were relatively high in most years of the research period, reflecting the abundance of financial resources available to banks. However, this did not translate into a parallel expansion in credit granting to the private sector. Furthermore, the relationship between the two variables was positive but weak.

Abstract: This study examines how Artificial Intelligence (AI) has dual functions of enhancing cyber security and also poses new life-threatening cyber attacks in the US banking industry. The paper will focus on the fundamental AI technologies such as machine learning, predictive analytics, intelligent detection systems, and automated threat monitoring and will assess the effectiveness of AI technology in enhancing fraud detection, minimizing response time and improving the detection of anomalies. The research employs a mixed-method design, a structured literature review, and quantitative hypothesis testing (paired t-tests and regression analysis) to analyze the secondary data of the main US banks, including JPMorgan Chase and Bank of America. These results support statistically significant results, which assert that the AI-based systems can dramatically improve the performance of cyber security but may also be associated with the emergence of novel AI-related threats, such as deepfakes, AI-created phishing, and adversarial attacks.
The findings emphasize that despite the fact that AI significantly enhances the accuracy of detection and the speed of mitigation, its dual-use functionality puts the banks at a risk of new risks. The advent of algorithm manipulation, synthetic identity fraud, and self-learning malware highlights the necessity to monitor it at all times. The most essential recommendation of the study is the implementation of Explainable AI (XAI) backed by well-developed governance systems, compliance with regulations, adversarial robustness verification, and increased employee education. These actions will guarantee the responsible use of AI so that banks can reap the maximum benefits of security and minimize the risks to vulnerabilities related to the misuse of advanced AI.

Abstract: The research deals with two important variables in business organizations, namely knowledge leadership and strategic flexibility. The aim of this research is to test the relationship of association and influence between the two variables in the colleges at Thi Qar University. The choice fell on the senior and middle leaderships represented by the deans of colleges and their assistants and heads of departments and branches for all of these colleges under study. The intentional random sample was used and amounted to (120) people, which is the actual total of the selected colleges in the university under study. One of the most important results was the existence of an interactive relationship between the study variables. The most prominent recommendations were the necessity of inviting the colleges under the research at the university to follow up on the developments taking place in the field of knowledge management to achieve the organization's goals.

Abstract: This study investigates the crucial role of Sustainable Leadership (SL) in fostering Green Organizational Behavior (GOB) within the context of Iraqi universities. Against a backdrop of global environmental challenges and local reconstruction efforts, universities are positioned as key drivers for sustainable development. The research examines the extent to which leadership practices—characterized by long-term vision, ethical responsibility, and empowerment—can incentivize and institutionalize eco-friendly practices among academic and administrative staff.
A quantitative research design was employed, utilizing a structured questionnaire distributed to a sample of faculty and staff from various public Iraqi universities. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods via SPSS.
The findings reveal a significant positive relationship between sustainable leadership and green organizational behavior. Key dimensions of SL, such as visionary strategic planning and ethical decision-making, were found to be strong predictors of GOB, leading to practices like energy conservation, waste reduction, and increased recycling initiatives. The results confirm that sustainable leadership is not a supplementary function but a fundamental pillar for cultivating an organizational culture of environmental responsibility.
The study concludes that integrating sustainable leadership principles is imperative for transforming Iraqi universities into green campuses. It provides a strategic framework for university administrators and policymakers to develop leadership training programs and institutional policies that embed sustainability as a core value, thereby contributing to both environmental preservation and the development of a socially conscious generation.

Abstract: This research aims to measure the impact of the expansion of the “digital economy” (internet connectivity, digital payments, electronic accounts, e-commerce) on the income inequality index in Iraq during the recent period (2015–2024). The study employs national and international datasets and econometric analysis (OLS, panel-time models, or standard time-series techniques) to test whether digital transformation reduces or increases inequality, with detailed sectoral and geographical (urban/rural, governorate-level) effects.
The findings indicate that the shift toward a digital economy in Iraq has real potential to reduce income inequality; however, it also presents several challenges related to infrastructure, digital education, and regional disparities. Thus, integrating digital transformation into comprehensive development policies constitutes a strategic pathway for steering the Iraqi economy toward equity and sustainability