Misan Journal of Academic Studies

This comparative cross-sectional research aims to evaluate the salivary heat shock protein association with dental caries experience in primary school students living in humid Iraqi Marshlands area compared to their peers in Al-Nasiriyah city. 400 students (6–9 years old) were volunteered in the study. A significant difference in salivary factors and prevalence of dental caries among the two groups were noticed. Also, Marshland’s students showed a significantly lower dental caries in comparison to those from Al-Nasiriyah. It reflects the effect of dietary and environmental features on oral health. As well, Marshlands group shows a higher level of salivary pH demonstrating a more alkaline salivary environment which may contribute to caries risk reduction. The outcomes highlight the importance of understanding the interaction between dietary, environmental, and oral health factors. Further research exploring the relationships between salivary indicators and dental caries experience as well as potential interventions to enhance oral health in at-risk populations are recommended.

This research analyzes the influence of deontic modality as one of the linguistic world-building tools of the dystopian text world in George Orwell's 1984 (1949) within the framework of cognitive stylistics. Based on Simpson (1993) on modality framework, the research examines how the linguistic expressions of obligation, prohibition, and permissions serve as a control and ideological justification mechanism in the novel. The analysis shows how Orwell's use of deontic modality goes beyond actions and encompasses thoughts, feelings, and perceptions, forcing the thorough internalization of the obedience. Through the analysis of the passages of 1984, the research shows the use of modal verbs like must, should, and was to be as a means of encoding ideological imperatives, move control to self-preoccupation as well as blur the distinction between external and internal control. The research concludes that the deontic modality impacts the cognitive framework of the reader concerning the presentation of authority, control, and resistance, so that, illustrating how language constructs and maintains a totalitarian grip on Orwell’s dystopian world.

The study investigates the concept of “Political Closure,” of post 2021 Iraqi elections. The study explores the verbal, pictorial, and multimodal metaphors of “Political Closure” representation in Iraqi newspaper headlines and cartoons. The data are collected from the Iraqi daily newspapers. The headlines and cartoons are analyzed based on Lakoff & Johnson’s (1980) Conceptual Metaphor theory (CMT). To elicit the pictorial or multimodal metaphors from the cartoons concerning “Political Closure” Forceville’s (1996, 2008) pictorial metaphor is adopted and to determine their kinds. The study revealed that the concept of “political closure” is conceptualized in different source domains; physical object, machine, economic activity, software, code container, building, and illness. The study also revealed that the more frequently kind used to conceive the concept of “Political Closure” is multimodal metaphor since if the textual part is eliminated from the cartoons will result in the disappearance of the metaphorical meaning. Whereas the pictorial metaphor is less used to portray the concept of political closure.

Landslides are recognized as one of the most dangerous and often occurring natural catastrophes worldwide. Quarrying activities can dramatically enhance the danger of landslides by destabilizing slopes through drilling and heavy machinery movements. The digging process disrupts natural drainage patterns, resulting in water retention that damages soil and rock structures. The main justification of the present work is producing a landslide susceptibility model for quarries sites in northeastern Misan. This means an evaluated mixture of different indices. By applying the fuzzy logic method to remote sensing and GIS techniques. The study used spectral indices derived from multispectral Landsat. The thematic layers (indices) are: "Clay Minerals Ratio (CMR), Iron Oxide Ratio (IOR), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), Normalized Difference Moisture Index (NDMI), Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), Bare Soil Index (BSI), and Normalized Difference Soil Index (NDSI)". The final landslide susceptibility map identified three risk zones: low, moderate, and high. The majority of quarries in northern areas are in a high-susceptibility zone, which indicates that quarry operations are a significant source of landslide danger, with northern quarries being high risk and northeastern quarries being moderate to low risk.

Urinary tract infections represent a major expensive, a global common public health issue owing to their high prevalence and the struggling associated with their management. The current investigation aimed to identify the phenotypic and molecular characteristics of biofilm formation of E. cloacae isolates from UTIs by investigated the rate of distribution for two important genes namely: csgA and csgD. The current investigation demonstrated that the studied isolates of E. cloacae isolated from UTIs had a biofilm production rate at 80%. The statistical analysis outcomes indicate significant differences at 0.01 probability level. The outcomes of PCR for (20) E. cloacae isolates showed that the prevalence rates of the three studied genes were 70% and 65% for: csgA and csgD, respectively. The results of statistical analysis indicated that numbers of positive isolates was significantly higher (p<0.05) than negative samples for studied genes (csgA and csgD). Conclusion: The results of the current study confirm the clinical challenge posed by biofilm-forming E. cloacae strains, which have the ability to evade host defenses and classical antimicrobial treatments. The ability of E. cloacae to form biofilms was enhanced by 80%, which reinforced its virulence and survival, particularly in hospital settings where biofilms-related infections implicated to chronic disease and treatment failure.

This study aims to analyze the general French language exams for third grade in Iraq. To fulfill this, two checklists were prepared. The first one is concerned with general shape criteria while the other one concerned with the six levels of the cognitive domain of revised Bloom's taxonomy. The validity and reliability of two checklists were ensured. The results showed that the question setters have paid attention to layout and general shape criteria. Moreover, they revealed a balance within the distribution of questions across the lower levels of the cognitive domain. Also, it was found that the ratio of objective to subjective questions was suitable for this age grade. Furthermore, the abundance of understanding level question gave the students an advantage of lack of accreditation on rote memorization of the study material. Further works were suggested for future research.

Prostatitis is one of the most common conditions presented to urologists. Prostatitis is divided clinically into acute bacterial prostatitis, chronic prostatitis, chronic pelvic pain syndrome, and asymptomatic prostatitis. The acute variant is characterized by a rapid or abrupt onset of infection and leads to fever, pelvic pain, difficulty emptying the bladder, and pain in the penis, testicles, or between the scrotum and anus. In very severe cases, it may cause sepsis. The chronic variant has a symptom-based basis and is defined by persistent or recurrent manifestations of infection. Recurrent urinary tract infections, transurethral catheterization of the bladder, anatomical or functional abnormalities of the urinary tract, and systemic diseases are the primary factors contributing to the transmission of microorganisms and the development of bacterial prostatitis. Among 80 patients with acute and chronic prostatitis, the results showed that E. coli (35.0%) was the most isolated, followed by Staphylococcus aureus (17.0%), Enterococcus faecalis (17.0%), Klebsiella, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (7.50%), respectively, while other species, such as Proteus and Enterobacter cloacae, were less common.

Arsenic bioremediation using microorganisms is an effective environmental solution for reducing heavy metal pollution, due to its high efficiency and low cost compared to traditional methods. In this study, we focused on analyzing the expression of the arsC gene, known for its vital role in reducing the highly toxic trivalent arsenic [As(III)] to its less toxic pentavalent form [As(V)], in two bacterial strains: Pseudomonas stutzeri and Pseudomonas putida. These strains were treated with escalating concentrations of sodium meta-arsenate (NaAsO₂) at 25, 50, 100, 150, and 200 ppm. Gene expression levels were measured using RT-qPCR using the ∆CT and ∆∆CT methods. The results showed that arsC gene expression gradually increased with increasing arsenic concentration in the culture medium, indicating that the strains responded to toxic stress in a regulated manner. In P. putida, fold change values ranged from 9.63 at the lowest concentration to 57.47 at the highest concentration, while P. stutzeri showed a higher response, ranging from 15.71 to 85.91, respectively. Statistical analyses (ANOVA) revealed significant differences between the different concentrations (p < 0.0001), reinforcing the hypothesis that arsC gene activation is related to the severity of arsenic exposure.
These results highlight the effective role of both P. putida and P. stutzeri in resisting arsenic through precise gene regulatory mechanisms. This makes them promising strains for use in bioremediation techniques for arsenic-contaminated environments and opens new avenues for employing molecular analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of microorganisms in environmental remediation.

This study examines the application of implicature to create humor in Tik Tok and how the pragmatic model of Grice (1975) may be applied in the study. As Tik Tok has become a popular site of disseminating comic content in the short format, the transparency of the practical processes that govern humorous communication is only more beneficial to the researchers as well as the representatives of linguistics and digital media. The paper shows that the implicature or the claim that something is inferred on what has been verbalized is one of the key contributors to the production of humor on Tik Tok videos through the prism of Grice. By examining a varied range of humor sources, including skits, punchlines, and short acts, the study is sure to identify the pragmatic strategies employed by the creators in order to trigger laughter and entertainment. The evaluation of the validity of the implicature of creating humor is done using the combination of the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the Grice (1975) model approach on the individual examples and the general trends of the approach used throughout all the platform. The findings reveal the creative tools, developed by TikTok creators to appeal to audiences that underscore the importance of the practical principles in shaping the way funny content is produced, consumed, and shared. The study will also enable us to know more about humor as a challenging social and linguistic phenomenon along with its contribution to the theoretical debates within the field of pragmatics in online communication. Moreover, the lessons learned have practical implications to digital marketing, media creation, and social media content creation that will provide advice on how to maximize humor techniques and improve interactions with the audience.

This paper examines the dynamic relationship between syntax and semantics in modern English prose, and centers on digital media genres in particular: online news articles, blogs, and social media posts. Building on a balanced corpus of 700 texts, we investigate syntactic complexity (such as clause embedding, T-unit ratios) and semantic framing strategies, foregrounding how genre and platform influence patterns of communication. Results uncover separate complexity hierarchies—news > blogs > social media—but also cross-genre hybridity propelled by platform affordances. Semantic framing is also systematically different across genres, a phenomenon that has been influenced by differences in the type of stance, authority, and multimodality. The paper argues that in digital spaces meaning is becoming more distributed across the linguistic and non-linguistic resource, and it is also becoming less centred on large corpus data, with consequences for corpus design, language teaching and models of the syntax–semantics interface.

This research is an attempt to reveal the artistic appreciation aspect of the Saggar technique in terms of conceptual perception in artistic work, regarding what the artist Mariwan Jalal has explored through the Saggar technique using various methods, which led to the emergence of multiple results that differ from one another.
The research addressed the general framework, which consists of the research problem, which poses the following question: What is the artistic appreciation of the Saggar technique in the works of artist Mariwan Jalal? The research significance, research objective, research limitations, and definition of terms.
While the theoretical framework addressed two sections: the first: artistic appreciation, and the second: the Saggar technique, then the research procedures were discussed, which consist of the research population, research sample, research methodology, and sample analysis.
Then the results and conclusions, recommendations and suggestions, followed by a list of sources and references.

Islamic philosophy is considered one of the most important philosophies that influenced human thought during the Middle Ages. Islamic philosophy has always been an important bridge for the transmission and development of human knowledge, effectively contributing to the formation of Western thought during the Middle Ages and beyond. This research aims to shed light on the pivotal role Islamic philosophy played in shaping and building European thought during the Middle Ages. To achieve the research objective, the analytical approach was employed to identify the influence of Islamic philosophy on European thought in the Middle Ages. The study concluded that translation played a significant role in transmitting Islamic philosophy to Europe during the Middle Ages. Muslim scholars translated Greek, Roman, Persian, and Indian philosophical works into Arabic. Europeans benefited from Arab philosophers and their divisions of the sciences, and subsequently reconsidered their divisions. It is also evident that Muslim philosophers established an original approach to the study of Islamic philosophy, which was effectively reflected in European thought.

Despite the importance of style in generating and shaping meaning in theatrical works, and in influencing how performances are received and interpreted by school students, issues related to its significance and function have often received insufficient scholarly attention. School theatre, however, represents an important medium for conveying artistic and intellectual messages to young audiences.
Accordingly, this study investigates educational encoding in the plays of Ahmed Kamel that were presented to pupils in schools affiliated with the Third Rusafa Directorate of Education in Baghdad between 2014 and 2024.
To achieve this aim, the researcher adopted the descriptive–analytical method. The theoretical framework of the study consists of two sections: the first addresses the concept of style, while the second examines educational encoding in Ahmed Kamel’s theatrical works. Based on indicators derived from the theoretical framework, an analytical table consisting of specific criteria was developed to identify the functions and meanings of the educational codes. This table was employed as a research instrument for analyzing the selected sample, namely the play Fatin’s Journey in the City of Rules.
The findings indicate that the play deviates from a conventional dramatic plot. Instead, the events follow a linear structure unified by a single central idea, with dramatic conflict among the characters shaping the narrative. Through this structure, the play presents a series of situations inspired by the nature and grammatical rules of the Arabic language. These elements were carefully selected to facilitate students’ learning of the parts of speech in Arabic, including nouns, verbs of various types, and particles.
The characters in the play possess equal dramatic significance. Although the play includes both principal and secondary characters, each performs a specific role related to the Arabic language. The text also incorporates several educational codes, including self-affirmation, critical thinking, participation in problem-solving, inductive reasoning, constructive dialogue, and questioning.
The findings lead to the following conclusions:
1. The playwright employs educational encoding to encourage thinking, questioning, self-affirmation, and understanding one’s role in the learning process, while also promoting effective delivery techniques and correct pronunciation. These elements contribute to shaping the child’s personality during the basic stages of education.
2. The play also incorporates songs and poetic passages performed by the characters, combining educational and moral dimensions while enhancing the entertaining aspect of the theatrical performance.
The study therefore recommends increasing the attention of educators and children’s playwrights to educational theatre that emphasizes the theatricalization of curricula, promotes cultural awareness, and conveys noble values through symbolic educational encoding, given its positive influence on students.

This study seeks to ascertain the possibility of deriving, through juristic analysis, the Sunni fiqh perspective on political wilayah-its locus and the party entitled to its conferral-and to assess the extent of its coherence with the theoretical premises of Imami jurisprudence concerning the nature of the political authority vested in the jurist (al-faqih). The inquiry therefore concentrates on the foundational bases, legitimacy, and qualifications of the ruler, posing the question: Does Sunni fiqh articulate a juristic conception of the Islamic ruler comparable to that formulated in Imami legal thought? Employing a comparative method in examining the evidentiary texts and analyzing the doctrinal underpinnings of both traditions, the study concludes that wilayah in Imami jurisprudence rests upon divine designation (al-nasb al-ilahi) and delegated authority (al-niyabah), whereas in Sunni legal theory it is grounded in consultation (al-shura) and the pledge of allegiance (al-bay'ah). In Imami doctrine, knowledge, justice, and ijtihad constitute conditions of validity (shurut al-sihhah), while in the majority of Sunni schools they are regarded as conditions of perfection (shurut al-kamal). Hence, the Imamiyyah stipulate juristic qualification as a requirement for rulership, whereas most Sunnis do not, although certain leading Sunni authorities have advanced positions approximating the substance of wilayah, albeit under a different designation.

This study investigates the promotional intentionality embedded in pre-Islamic poetry through a selected examination of al-Muthaqqib al-ʿAbdī’s Nooniyyah. It analyzes how the poet deploys discourse structures and rhetorical–stylistic mechanisms to foreground the poetic self and construct a persuasive image. The study traces manifestations of symbolic promotion within the poem, whether through celebrating achievements, shaping the image of the group, or reinforcing the moral and social values prevalent in pre-Islamic society especially in passages concerning the beloved, the women of the caravan, the she-camel, and ʿAmr ibn Hind. A central existential truth is voiced through the she-camel: life is governed by the dialectic of settlement and departure. In settlement, the poet’s pleasure and gratification emerge through human closeness and familiarity with family and friends; in departure, his pain and sorrow intensify because it entails grievous separation and the severing of bonds of kinship and intimacy. The poet relies on suggestion and affective projection by transferring his emotions onto the she-camel, so that she becomes an inner voice articulating his psychological state; her moans and suffering serve as an authentic symbolic enactment of the bitterness and grief within him. Consequently, the poem performs a powerful communicative function, using emotionally charged symbolism to attract the recipient and secure engagement. Methodologically, the study adopts an analytical approach that combines stylistic and semantic perspectives to demonstrate the effectiveness of promotion within the poem’s structure and to clarify the mechanisms through which poetic discourse is oriented toward influencing and winning over the audience.

The study aimed to identify the effectiveness of the Active Recall Strategy and the Unique Path Strategy in acquiring social concepts and developing vivid memory among fifth-grade female pupils. The researcher adopted a quasi-experimental design with partial control, employing two post-tests. The research sample consisted of (102) female pupils from Al-Yara’ Primary School for Girls, who were randomly assigned into three groups: two experimental groups and one control group. The researcher taught the three groups herself according to the prescribed curriculum for the first semester of the academic year (2025–2026). Two instruments were prepared: a social concepts acquisition test and a vivid memory test, whose validity and reliability were verified. The results revealed the superiority of the two experimental groups over the control group, leading to a set of educational recommendations and suggestions presented in Chapter Four.

This research aims to clarify and affirm the reality of Rajʿa (return to life) in Islamic belief, particularly from the perspective of Twelver Shia theology, through evidence drawn from the Qur’anic texts and narrations (hadiths). Rajʿa is an Islamic concept that refers to the return of certain deceased individuals to worldly life before the Day of Judgment. It is closely linked to the appearance of Imam al-Mahdi (may Allah hasten his reappearance) and signifies God's act of bringing some of the dead back to life so that He may honor a group and humiliate another, distinguishing between the truthful and the false. This is based on Qur’anic evidence, prophetic traditions, and rational arguments.
Belief in God’s power to resurrect the dead is an essential part of belief in the Hereafter, which is one of the core pillars of Islamic creed. Both textual and rational proofs confirm the possibility of Rajʿa. The Qur’an contains references to resurrection in this world, such as the stories of the Israelites and ʿUzayr (or Jeremiah), indicating its occurrence. Likewise, various narrations and historical reports mention that Rajʿa happened among past nations, further supporting its potential future occurrence. From a rational standpoint, Rajʿa poses no impossibility; it resembles bodily resurrection and return but occurs in this world prior to the Final Day. This is supported by God's absolute power to resurrect the dead, as affirmed in both the Qur’an and the Sunnah. Shia scholars have cited Qur’anic verses and prophetic narrations as evidence for the possibility

The current study addresses the phenomenon of children's eulogy in the poetry of Al-Utbi Al-Qurashi, who is one of the poets who mourned their children and expressed their deep sorrow over the loss of their beloved ones. The poet excelled in this kind of poetry. He having lost six of his children. His poems embodied the tragedy of loss, laden with sadness and grief.
The poet expressed his inner devastation at the loss of all his children. The loss of a son is unlike any other loss. For this reason, his poems became a distinct artistic and humanistic model for expressing loss. Grief appeared as a dominant value in the texts, along with a tragic depiction of the loss of a son. Al-Utbi resorted to simple words and sincere expressions in embodying scenes of loss and grief. His verses were an extension of sincere humanistic emotion, avoiding affectation and complexity. He focused in his poetry on the pain of a father in losing his son. It is an extraordinary pain because it is irreplaceable and unforgettable.

The present study investigates the notion of the visual stimulus in global ceramics during the modernist era, with particular emphasis on the transformations of form and aesthetic signification that emerged within ceramic practice under the influence of the artistic and intellectual movements accompanying modernity. It has become evident that the developments in ceramics during this period were not confined to technical or formal innovations; rather, they embodied profound shifts in visual and aesthetic conceptualization. Ceramics evolved from a functional and decorative medium into a visual and philosophical discourse, undergoing transformations that extended beyond the external configuration to encompass the deeper layers of meaning inherent in the art form. This entailed an interplay between the visual and the sensory, wherein the ceramic composition was no longer a mere traditional arrangement but was reconstituted as an aesthetic and visual statement. Such transformations were facilitated by the engagement of ceramic practice with diverse modernist artistic and intellectual schools, including abstraction, cubism, conceptual art, and Dadaism. These tendencies engendered a new visual language within ceramics, one that addresses the viewer on multiple cognitive and perceptual levels, inviting a reconsideration of the dynamic relationship between form and content.
The research is structured into four chapters. The first chapter outlines the general framework, presenting the research problem which culminates in the central inquiry: In what ways did the visual stimulus in global ceramics during the modernist era contribute to transformations in form and aesthetic signification? This is followed by the significance of the study, its objectives aimed at identifying the visual stimulus in global ceramics during modernity in relation to formal and aesthetic transformations, together with the delimitation of the study (thematic, temporal, and spatial), and the definition of key terms. The second chapter, the theoretical framework, comprises two sections: the first examines the concept of the stimulus, while the second explores ceramics through the lens of modernist art movements: focusing on the transformations of form and aesthetic signification. This chapter further identifies the indicators derived from the theoretical framework and reviews relevant prior studies. The third chapter is devoted to methodological procedures and the analysis of selected samples, while the fourth chapter presents the results, their discussion, conclusions, recommendations, and suggestions, followed by the list of references.

the poet Mohammad Mahdi Al-Jawahiri toward leading figures of modern Arabic poetry and prose, considering them a methodological entry point to uncover his aesthetic vision and intellectual and cultural project. The research seeks to analyze the nature of his critical and creative relationships with a number of Arab poets and writers, such as Ahmed Shawqi, Hafiz Ibrahim, Al-Mazni, Omar Al-Fakhouri, Elias Abu Shabaki, Bishara Al-Khouri, and Samih Al-Qasim, in addition to Ameen Rihani and Taha Hussein. The study demonstrates that Al-Jawahiri did not approach these literary figures as isolated individuals detached from their social context, but rather as cultural symbols embodying the dialectic between freedom and authority, and between creativity and commitment. It concludes that Al-Jawahiri’s stances represent an integrated cultural project that connects literature to the collective consciousness of the nation and affirms the role of the intellectual in questioning reality and formulating a critical position toward it.

The aim of this study is to examine the aesthetics of movement in contemporary sculpture, focusing on its artistic, historical, and cultural dimensions. Movement in art particularly in kinetic sculpture is deeply connected to philosophical thought and lived experience, serving as a significant expressive medium shaped by the artist’s conceptual vision. The research examines the fundamental question: What is the expressive significance of the aesthetics of movement in contemporary sculpture?
The study is broken up into four chapters, which cover the methodological framework for the research, philosophy of beauty and movement, and an analytical examination of the aesthetics of movement in contemporary sculpture. The research explains key theoretical concepts through this framework and ends by identifying critical indicators that demonstrate the significance of movement as a dynamic and influential artistic language in contemporary sculpture practice.

This study verifies whether the partner reading and text-based discussion has any impact on developing Iraqi EFL students' literary skills. The study focuses on comprehension, interpretation, and critical analysis skills . The study adopted a mixed-methods quasi-experimental design applied to 120 high school students. The study experimental groups include partner reading, text-based discussion, and their combination, and a control group taught by traditional instruction. Quantitative findings revealed the superiority of the experimental groups in all targeted literary skills. Remarkably, the combined approach attained the greatest improvements. Moreover, qualitative findings revealed that the experimental groups showed less language anxiety and more engagement. Furthermore , they suggested the importance of role-based management and teacher training for successful implementation in limited-resource classrooms. L1 use and large class sizes were major issues in implementing partner reading and text-based discussion instruction . The study highlights the importance of cooperative and collaborative strategies in developing literary skill acquisition in similar educational contexts and this suggests modernizing EFL pedagogy in Iraq.