Journal of Al-qadisiya in arts and educational sciences

This research aimed to determine the effect of teaching using the "Still Thinking" rapid-fire strategy on the synchronous thinking of fifth-grade science students in biology. To achieve this aim, the following null hypothesis was formulated:
There is no statistically significant difference at the 0.05 level between the mean scores of the experimental group students who were taught using the "Still Thinking" rapid-fire strategy and the mean scores of the control group students who were taught using the traditional method on the synchronous thinking scale. The researcher adopted a quasi-experimental design with experimental and control groups, using a post-test of the synchronous thinking scale. The experimental group was taught using the "I'm still thinking" strategy, while the control group was taught using the traditional method. The research population consisted of all fifth-grade science students in the 2025-2026 academic year in secondary and preparatory schools affiliated with the First Karkh Education Directorate in Baghdad. The research sample comprised 74 students, with 37 students in each group. The researcher ensured the equivalence of the students in both groups in terms of the variables of age, intelligence, synchronous thinking, and prior achievement. The researcher also prepared 36 lesson plans for each group. The research instrument was the synchronous thinking scale, which was developed according to two dimensions: information storage capacity (16 items) and information processing speed (16 items), resulting in a final version of 32 items. Its face validity, construct validity, and discriminatory power were calculated. The reliability of the scale was extracted using the Kuder-Richardson equation (20), and the reliability coefficient reached (0.77). The experiment was implemented from (5/10/2025) until (31/12/2025). After the end of the experiment, the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (20-SPSS) and the Microsoft Excel program were used to process the data. After analyzing it statistically, the researcher concluded that the students of the experimental group were superior to the students of the control group in the simultaneous thinking scale. In light of the research results, the researcher recommended the possibility of teaching biology according to the rapid tour strategy (I am still thinking), due to its positive effect on raising the level of simultaneous thinking for students. She also suggested conducting studies similar to the current research in the specializations of chemistry and physics.

The term intertextuality is a modern critical term among Western critics. It has spread to Arab criticism, and critics have embraced it through theoretical and applied studies of poetic and prose texts from various literary eras. This research came to study religious intertextuality in the poetry of Abu Nawas, the poem (Remembrance and Supplication) as a model, in which his intertextuality with the Holy Quran and the Noble Hadith appeared direct intertextuality such as quotation, and indirect intertextuality when the writer changes the words of the religious text from its context to another context. The research aims to clarify what is meant by the term intertextuality, and to show its relationship to Western critical studies, then aims to talk about the aesthetic dimensions of religious intertextuality in the poetry of Abu Nawas, the poem (Remembrance and Supplication) as a model. We relied on the descriptive analytical approach and arrived at a set of results, namely that humility before God Almighty when requesting needs is required by Sharia through confession of sin and glorification of the Creator seeking repentance, for God is Forgiving and Forgiving, and forgives everyone who asks Him for forgiveness with the truth of the request. Likewise, eloquence in presenting the need indicates a sound heart and correct faith, and weaving verses of supplication carries within it harmony between language, Sharia, Quranic texts and commitment to divine commands. Arabic poetry also maintains Always at the forefront of his abilities in every situation.

This paper examines Samuel Beckett’s Endgame (1958) as a key work of Absurd theatre, which has its own conventions in depicting the world and the lives of people. It also has its own way of representing that world. Through language and other elements that find their place on the stage, Absurd dramatists like Samuel Beckett present plays that are characterised by this manner. His play, Endgame, is considered as the most pessimistic of his literary productions. Through an analysis that includes a textual and visual inspection, this paper employs a multimodal approach. The aim is to show how Endgame is, in fact, a play of the Absurd theatre, as it embodies themes of decay, isolation, and futility. Therefore, by applying Tadeusz Kowzan’s framework of the system of signs, adapted for this analysis, and Grice’s conversational maxims, the research investigates how Beckett deconstructs both meaning and communication. This analysis, therefore, unfolds over two stages: the first, a visual analysis focusing on the four systems of sound, decoration, design, and kinetics, followed by a second stage of text-level analysis that inspects the intrinsic features of the text. This paper demonstrates how the characters find themselves in a trapped world, with repetitive existence where life’s meanings are trivialised and reduced to "the itch of a fly" as epitomised by Hamm’s reference. Therefore, this study highlights how Beckett is actually critiquing the human communication and meaning-making process in an absurd universe, presenting Endgame as a reflective exploration of existential despair.

Ellen Johnson Sirleaf stands as a living model for women's role in the advancement and development of societies,particularly in the political sphere.She remains one of the most compelling figures in the modern history of Liberia and Africa at large. Often referred to as the "Iron Lady," her academic and political career seamlessly blended strength with stability, managing state affairs with profound wisdom. She dedicated her life to peace and women's empowerment, leading her country out of the devastation of civil wars and the conflicts that plague the African continent. Under her leadership,she steered the nation toward peace and security while championing the rights of women and children by overseeing national reforms, most notably making education free and universal.
Ellen Johnson Sirleaf assumed power in Liberia in January 2006, following decades of civil war, violence, and attempted coups. While her work was widely acclaimed both domestically and internationally, her legacy in Liberia was overshadowed by allegations of nepotism and corruption, stemming from her appointment of three of her sons to high-ranking government positions.

This research examines thematic discussion approach used for teaching John Keats’ Ode on a Grecian Urn while concentrating on the sublime aesthetic concept found in Romantic literature. The initial portion of the session supplies an introduction to sublime aesthetics, followed by historical background and the definition of respect-based group guidelines. Student learning of the poem started with solo reading, followed by group dialogues that focused on themes like beauty, truth, time, and personal meanings, until moving on to a school-wide analysis session. The assessment procedure used pre-test and post-test evaluations to measure both concept understanding of the sublime and students' analytical capabilities. The study demonstrated successful student learning outcomes because participants achieved an average test score increase from 55% in the pre-test to 80% during the post-test period while utilizing mutual discussion with reflective practices. Using this method, students gained superior comprehension of Keats’ work along with vital critical thinking abilities and emotional capacity, and advanced language skills that prepare them for academic success. The thematic study of sublime aesthetics served as an efficient educational approach because it combined literature with student reflections to create relevant content understanding and enabled students to master complex literary text analysis. The analysis points out that teaching sublime poetry in 21st-century classrooms goes beyond teaching language skills. This practice also develops creativity and reflective thinking and promotes an understanding of different cultures. This illustration strengthens the connection between the learner and their literary growth.

The research dealt with the educational trend in the contemporary Iraqi rhetorical lesson. Calls for renewal of the rhetorical lesson appeared on the basis of modern theories. The first is what aims towards the traditional rhetorical lesson and the statement of rhetorical scholars and their methods, passing through the stage of scientific maturity and terminological rooting from Al-Jahiz and Abd Al-Qaher Al-Jurjani, until Al-Sakaki received it, then I talked about the most important drawbacks to the ancient books of rhetorical heritage. (Rhetorical and Critical Studies), as well as Dr. Fadel Al-Samarrai and the study of the secrets of the Qur’anic statement, then I stood on the axes of renewing the Iraqi rhetorical lesson, then I extracted the results and indexed the referenced source.

The study aims to shed light on a problem that can be described as a recurring issue in Arabic linguistic scholarship and among Arab researchers, one that has arisen from the confusion between two key concepts in pragmatics: conversational implicature and indirect speech acts. This confusion stems from superficial readings and a lack of careful understanding of what each concept actually entails. Conversational implicature is not equivalent to indirect speech acts, and indirect speech acts do not mirror conversational implicature, each has its own distinct definition, scope, and functions. After reviewing Arabic linguistic studies in this area, the confusion among researchers became strikingly clear, and that is precisely what sparked the idea for this research, in hopes of offering some solutions to this problem. The Quranic text has been adopted as the applied domain for illustrating the foundations and criteria of this distinction.
The nature of this subject and its careful investigation required the study to be organized around two main sections.:
The first: A pragmatic reading of the concept of conversational implicature and its applied strategies.
The second: A pragmatic reading of the concept of indirect speech acts and their applied strategie.

The Qur’an cannot convey or depict a vivid visual image of the events and accounts contained within its pages.
Thus, the uniqueness of the Qur’anic text lies in its ability to communicate these events and accounts to the recipient through its own distinctive structure, employing words carefully chosen to portray such scenes in a conceptual (sensory) manner.
Every addition in wording corresponds to an addition in meaning. This is what the study addresses, as it selects a model of terms employed in the Qur’an and explores their significance on the morphological and semantic levels, in order to arrive at a deeper cognitive understanding of the structure of the Qur’anic text.

Ethiopia is located in East Africa and is considered the second largest country on the continent. It is characterized by its vast area of 1,104,300 km2 and its population reached 76 million in 2007. It is characterized by religious diversity that includes Muslims, Christians and other traditional religions. Ethiopian society consists of different ethnic groups, the most prominent of which are (Oromo, Amhara, and Tigray). Ethiopia's history dates back to the ancient Kingdom of Aksum, one of the largest kingdoms to emerge alongside the Roman and Persian Empires. Ethiopia has experienced numerous political conflicts since the monarchy under Menelik, through the reign of Emperor Haile Selassie (1930-1974), and up to the Derg regime led by Mengistu Haile Mariam (1974-1991). This latter period was one of the most brutal in Ethiopian history, marked by widespread famines resulting from the forced displacement of farmers to southern regions under the pretext of suppressing opposition. The Soviet Union also exerted significant influence over the government and the course of events. The economic situation was dire, with the Ethiopian economy relying on agriculture for 90% of its output. Poverty was widespread and deeply entrenched, prompting successive Ethiopian governments to implement a range of economic strategies and development plans aimed at improving living standards and alleviating poverty. These plans evolved through several phases, the first of which was the Adli strategy. It focused primarily on the agricultural sector and developing industries based on agricultural products. Despite Ethiopia's efforts, it did not achieve the desired goals. This was followed by a series of development plans launched since 1994, most notably the ETP, ESD, and NEEPE initiatives to develop education, achieve gender equality, reduce the rate of early marriage for girls, and increase women's participation in the workforce. Work continued under these programs until the launch of the SDPRP initiative, which focused on addressing the challenges of water resource degradation, rationalizing its consumption, reducing deforestation, and combating desertification resulting from soil erosion, which caused a decrease in agricultural production. This was followed by the Sustainable Development Plan for Poverty Reduction (ADE 2000-2010), which allocated 70% of its budget to the poor and made enormous efforts to develop the agricultural sector, achieve food security, combat climate change, and provide hydroelectric power, sanitation services, and potable water.

The current study aimed to identify the “effect of the Museum of Themes strategy on the acquisition of historical concepts in the subject of Modern European History among fifth-grade literary students.” The experimental method based on two groups was used, and the study sample was divided into two groups (experimental and control). The experimental group, after exclusion, consisting of (30) students, studied the “Museum of Themes strategy.” The number of the control group was (30) students, which studied in the traditional way. The researcher made the two groups equivalent in the variables of “age, intelligence, subject grade in the previous year, academic achievement…”
The material was analyzed into (20) concepts. Based on this, the researcher developed (60) behavioral objectives, focusing on the three processes of concept acquisition: definition, differentiation, and application. Statistical analysis was conducted using statistical methods, and the results showed a statistically significant difference between the two groups. The study recommended conducting a similar study with different materials and variables.

The aim of the research is to:
1- Identify the level of professional skills among male and female chemistry teachers.
2- Identify differences in professional skills based on gender (male - female).
3- Identify the use of artificial intelligence applications among male and female chemistry teachers.
4- Identify differences in the use of artificial intelligence applications based on gender (male - female).
5- Discovering the correlation between professional skills and the use of artificial intelligence applications.
The current research was limited to chemistry teachers at the intermediate level in the General Directorate of Education in Qadisiyah for the academic year (2024-2025). The descriptive correlational research method was adopted, and the research sample size reached (220) male and female chemistry teachers at the intermediate level, comprising (110) male teachers and (110) female teachers .The research sample was selected using the random sampling method. The researcher prepared two tools to achieve the research objectives, namely the professional skills scale and remote artificial intelligence applications. Both scales in their final form consisted of (15) paragraphs. The apparent validity and construct validity of the two scales were verified, in addition to calculating the discriminating power of their paragraphs and their correlation coefficients and finding the value of the stability coefficient .The reliability of the two scales was determined using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, which reached (0.81) for the professional skills scale and (0.86) for the artificial intelligence applications scale, both of which have very good reliability. The research tools were applied in the second semester of the year (2024-2025), and the statistical analysis and processing of the data were conducted using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS-26) program, and the following results were reached:
• Chemistry teachers possess a high level of professional skills.
• There is no difference between male and female chemistry teachers in professional skills.
• Chemistry teachers possess a high level of distance learning requirements.
• There is no difference between male and female chemistry teachers in their use of artificial intelligence applications.
• There is a direct relationship between professional skills and the use of artificial intelligence applications.

The current research aims to identify:
1. Emotional fitness among mothers of children with autism
2. Statistically significant differences in emotional fitness according to the employment variable (employed, unemployed) To achieve the research objectives, the researcher selected a sample of (50) mothers. This sample was subjected to a scale prepared by the researcher, and after processing the data through the SPSS statistical program, the researcher concluded that the sample did not possess emotional fitness In dealing with the autistic child, the results also showed statistically significant differences according to the work variable, in favor of working mothers. The researcher explained the results she reached and presented a number of conclusions, recommendations, and suggestions.

Since heritage research and manuscript investigation are fields worthy of scientific competition and diligent effort, and given that Morphology (at-Tasrif) is one of the two main pillars of Arabic linguistic sciences—often regarded as their mother—this research is dedicated to investigating a manuscript in the field of morphology dating back to the 12th century AH. The work is a poetic rendition (nadhm) authored by the martyr Ali bin Muhammad Husayn al-Zanjani (d. 1136 AH), based on the morphological issues presented in the book At-Tasrif by Izz al-Din Abd al-Wahhab al-Zanjani (d. 655 AH).
Following a rigorous scientific effort, this research presents the investigated text, aiming to reflect the author's original intent as closely as possible. It aspires to be a valuable addition and a reliable reference for students and scholars within the linguistic heritage library.

The research aims to identify evaluative thinking and its relationship to test-construction competencies among secondary school biology teachers. The researcher used the descriptive method (correlational relationships) to collect data and determine the strength and direction of the relationship between variables in accordance with the research objectives. The research population consisted of (289) male and female secondary school biology teachers in secondary schools affiliated with the Directorate of Education of Al-Qadisiyah Governorate. The research sample was randomly selected and consisted of (60) male and female teachers. The researcher prepared two research instruments: an evaluative thinking scale, which in its final form consisted of (35) items related to three skills, and a test-construction competencies scale, which in its final form consisted of (55) items related to ten dimensions. Both scales adopted the Likert method of measurement with a five-point sequence for the answer alternatives. After applying the two scales to the research sample, the results were extracted using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The results showed that secondary school biology teachers possessed a high level in both scales. The research results showed a strong correlation between the two scales. The researcher recommended holding workshops, awareness and guidance seminars, and training programs that develop teachers’ evaluative thinking skills and increase their abilities in building achievement tests. He also suggested conducting similar studies for other educational stages.

Praise be to Allah, the Lord of the Worlds .. Peace and prayers be upon our Prophet, Amen, Abu Al-Qasim Muhammad, his good and good companions and his companions.
Grammar is the most important aspect of linguistic criticism. It is about judging the grammatical directives of grammatical questions of good and quality, or ugliness and inferiority, to the right opinion that is consistent with the rules of language and familiarity of its proper language system.
This study is based on a number of different grammatical criticisms of the phyome (hijri) in its glossary ( Al-misbah Al-moneer) .
The reader of the lexicon mentioned the author finds a critical thought worth standing at; this research came to reveal the mentality of the Fayoumi cash.
Fayoumi followed various methods and expressions in his grammatical critique. He dealt with the views of the sculptors with his in-depth scrutiny, discussing the particular issue of scientific discussion away from passion and intolerance and reaching what he wanted to say.
The research included a prelude to the definition of the concept of linguistic criticism, a brief introduction to the life of Fayoumi and its dictionary, and methods of expression Fayoumi criticism Grammar.
The research then presented a number of issues that were addressed in the journal in criticism, including: writing (permission) in color, meaning (but) between enumeration and assertion, adding (al) to the implicit, and the entry of (al) to (some and all) ) And the word (all) between the lifting and the erection in the modern "Pray all or unanimous laws," and the word (aware) collected (Mdark) between the combination of Mim and opening, and the ratio to the word (same), and the reaction act (welcomed) himself anomaly, and others.
It is worth mentioning that the issues presented in the research are selective rather than statistical, because the research does not address the grammatical issues contained in this lexicon.

The aim of the research is to shed light on the grammatical meanings included in the style of declarative exclamation, as well as a number of its standard methods, in order to reveal the hidden, influential miraculous meanings.
The nature of the research required that it be divided into an introduction and four sections, followed by a conclusion that I dedicated to listing the most important results of the research, followed by a list of the names of the research sources and references. As for the introduction, I dedicated it to establishing the concept of wonder and explaining its conditions and standard forms. As for the sections, they are: the first: wonder at the lack of change in the state of something in comparison with its counterparts, the second: wonder at the addition of (was) for emphasis, the third: wonder at restricting the general to the specific, better or worse, and the fourth: wonder at the occurrence of a miracle or a cry of regret.

The aim of the current research is to know:
Research Abstract
The current study aims to investigate the following:
1- The ethics of artificial intelligence (AI) applications among university computer science faculty members.
2-The level of professional responsibility among university computer science faculty members.
3-The relationship between the ethics of AI applications and professional responsibility among university computer science faculty members.
4- The significance of gender-based differences in the correlation between AI application ethics and professional responsibility (males vs. females).
The study was limited to computer science faculty members at the Colleges of Education in the Universities of Al-Qadisiyah, Kufa, and Babylon for the academic year 2024–2025. The main sample consisted of 200 randomly selected faculty members.
The researchers adopted the descriptive correlational research method and used two measurement tools:
• A scale for AI application ethics designed by Al-Shamrani (2024), which was adapted to suit the nature of the sample based on expert recommendations, and consisted of 24 items in its final form.
• A scale for professional responsibility developed by Abdulrahman (2019), also adapted to the study sample based on expert suggestions, and composed of 54 items in its final version.
After administering the tools and analyzing the data using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), the study yielded the following results:
• University computer science faculty members demonstrate a good level of awareness regarding AI application ethics.
• They also exhibit a high level of professional responsibility.
• There is a statistically significant positive correlation between AI application ethics and professional responsibility.
• There are no statistically significant gender-based differences in the correlation between AI application ethics and professional responsibility.
Recommendations:
1- Organizing Training Courses for Faculty Members and Department Heads Aimed at developing and enhancing teaching performance, clarifying academic and administrative responsibilities, and encouraging faculty members to actively participate in conferences and seminars within their fields of specialization.
2- Promoting Community Awareness Among Faculty Members
By holding educational seminars that emphasize the importance of integrating the various responsibilities of faculty members—teaching, research, and community service—in order to improve overall performance and support institutional goals.
3-Organizing Seminars and Workshops on AI Ethics Intended to familiarize faculty members with the ethical aspects of using artificial intelligence technologies, and to train them on how to skillfully and responsibly utilize AI tools in their respective academic disciplines to enhance teaching and research capabilities.

Throughout history, a large number of reformers have emerged whose goal is to correct religious ideas and beliefs in a way that calls for the advancement of those ideas, and to deepen the intellectual contents in describing the Creator God, the details of worship, and its relationship with humans in a manner befitting the status of the worshipped God. Among these religious reformers are the Zoroastrian religion, whose ideas formed the main path in the religion. They were represented by two pivotal figures who left a deep impact on the history of ancient Iran and contributed to shaping the religious and political identity of society. They are: Tansar and Karter. In this research, we focus attention on how the concept of religious reform emerged in each stage of the Zoroastrian religion amidst political and social transformations, in addition to the resulting intellectual and institutional transformations, which are related to the religious and political context of ancient Iran.

That the study of independent countries in Islamic history has taken a long time in academic and research studies, but they have not studied or touched in some detail on those countries that originated in the western part of the Muslim countries (Islamic Maghreb), due to factors imposed by the nature of the study or politics and the state, and that if we saw in those political regimes that, This study was a complement to many previous studies conducted on this important part of the Arab Islamic State, the Islamic State and the Fatimids, in particular, a study of the success of the political and military struggle in the formation of states, perhaps in the beginning, or a political entity and a system of government independent of the body of the Abbasid state there in Baghdad, a narrative study of the events that accompanied the establishment of these states relying on the descriptive method in presenting historical facts, and from God to reconcile

Place is the plural of places and places, and the plural of places (with a kasra on the kaf) is the location, which is the passive participle of the universe. It is said that it is from the knowledge of a place, meaning that he has power and status in it. It is said that this is the place of this, meaning its substitute. ( ). Although the linguistic definition tried to control the term place as a word, we found that its concept carries more than one concept and more than one meaning, due to its connection to what exists, whether it is tangible or perceived. Hence, place takes its definition based on the study that addresses it. However, all studies agree that it takes it out of its rigid geographical framework, to another framework adapted by imagination and thought, which in turn carries their meaning. We find that there are those who linked the concept of place to the social situation in which the individual lives, considering that place: “is the social place that, while there are those who linked it to contain the essence of the interaction between man and his society.” ( ) With reason and innate ideas, such as Descartes. As for geometers and modern scientists, their viewpoints are almost convergent, considering space as a medium with more than one dimension.

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