Muthanna Journal of Administrative and Economic Sciences

The current study seeks to clarify the relationship between soft skills and job performance. The study aimed first at clarifying the theoretical frameworks for soft skills and job performance, in terms of clarifying and defining their concepts and dimensions. After that, it moves to measure the soft skills through its dimensions: communication, decision-taking and problem-solving, time management, teamwork, leadership and working under pressure. Moreover, measuring performance by adopting the questionnaire method. The field of our study was framed in the College of Administration and Economics at the University of Mosul, while the sample consisted of a group of 136 teachers. To perform the statistical analysis, a set of statistical methods were used which are: Cronbach's alpha, Steven K. Thompson, average, weighted mean, standard deviation, variance, R2, correlation and affection. The results showed that there is a high relationships between study variables. The results of the linear regression analysis showed a positive significant effect, in addition to our monitoring of the variance relationship, by adopting SPSS V. 25. In light that, we reached a set of conclusions. The most prominent conclusion is upgrading of the soft skills levels of individuals, reflected positively in their performance levels. Then, a set of suggestions were presented.

The aim of this research is to know the impact of administrative empowerment: training, work delegation, social incentives, communication and teamwork on sustainability: social responsibility, legalization, holding. A questionnaire consists of 43 items were distributed for analysis purpose of data using the following statistical programs such as Smartpls, SPSS and Excel. We performed a testing of the hypotheses of the search about the impact and finding a significant relationship between the dimensions of administrative empowerment and sustainability. The research found that there is a significant impact relationship between the dimensions of administrative empowerment and organizational sustainability. The most important conclusions reached by the research is that employees at Tal Afar University obtaining administrative empowerment will lead to raising their practical output in the institution and reduce the level of negative feelings and feelings that exist in the study sample, and thus improve the level of development in the university. The research presented proposals, including the continued interest of the University of Tal Afar in administrative empowerment, which has a major role in organizational sustainability. In general, the previous literature showed the existence of a gap and a cognitive defect to explain the nature of the relationship between administrative empowerment and organizational sustainability in organizations.

The financial markets in general and the banking sector in particular is one of the most vital sectors in the economy of any country due to its great impact in supplying the requirements of economic development. In addition, attracting the necessary capital to advance the productive and investment reality of the country on the other hand. Since the inflation leads to creating a state of uncertainty among the investor community in the traded financial assets, which is reflected in increasing the risk of investing in those assets, which may negatively affect the stock prices of companies and banks listed in the frameworks of the financial markets (Inflation) on the returns of stocks of banks. The relationship between inflation and those returns were analyzed using the simple linear regression model.One of the most important findings of the study is the existence of an incomplete positive linear correlation between the variables of the study (inflation rates and historical returns), which indicates that the banking sector in the Iraqi economy is an attractive environment for investors and a supportive sector for the requirements of growth and economic development as well as the success of the Iraqi monetary authorities. It was shown that the central bank succeed in managing cash reserves, which was crystallized by low levels of inflation during the selected period.

The study aims at testing the causal relationship between the public spending and the public revenues in two groups of developed countries: Spain, Denmark, United Kingdom and Japan, and developing countries: United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Paraguay and India for the period 1990-2021, using the Granger test and Vector Error Correction Models (VECM) for time series data. Data were obtained from official publications of the International Monetary Fund and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development. The study concluded that there is a difference in the direction of the causal relationship between developed and developing countries, whether one group with another or one country with another at the same group, and this results from the difference in the nature of countries among them and their economic conditions. As well as, there is a difference in the direction of these causal relationships between the short and long term.

This research aims at presenting and analyzing the theoretical and intellectual aspects of the impact of the return on equity and its impact on the value of the banking institution. Risk management, liquidity and profitability are among the main factors that affect the banking business and thus affect the value of the bank. The problem of the study was to show the impact of the return on equity and its impact on the value of the banking institution. This study was applied to a sample of commercial banks listed in the Iraqi Stock Exchange, which were selected according to their application of international accounting standards among other banks that apply these standards, in addition to Its great activity in the banking arena, which is the Middle East Investment Bank, the Gulf Bank, the National Investment Bank, the Bank of Baghdad, for the period (2008 - 2020), and the descriptive analytical approach was used in describing all the variables, analyzing them and measuring them through the actual financial data available from the banks of the study sample, With the aim of evaluating and measuring the independent variables (operational efficiency, return on equity and banking value) and the dependent variable (the value of the bank), and analyzing and interpreting the correlation and impact between them. The study reached a number of conclusions within the framework of its main and subsidiary hypotheses, the most important of which was the existence of a relationship and impact of the model on the return on property rights and on the value of the banking institution.

The current research aims at diagnosing the relationship and influence of integrated marketing communications with its dimensions: advertising, sales promotion, public relations, personal selling and direct marketing as independent variables in the market share as a dependent variable in the researched company. The research problem was represented by several questions, including what is the role of integrated marketing communications in the market share of the company in question? While the research adopted the descriptive analytical approach, the research community was identified in Korek Mobile Communications Company in the governorates of Nineveh and Erbil. People in the company under study, and the questionnaire was the main tool in data collection. In order to process the data, many statistical methods were used. The most prominent conclusions reached by the research were the evidence of a significant impact relationship for integrated marketing communications at the macro and micro levels in the market share in the Korek Mobile Communications Company in Nineveh and Erbil governorates.

The current study aims at exploring the relationship between organizational conflict and job creativity. The study sample consists of 77 employees in the Muthanna Education Directorate with different educational attainment. The study includes two main variables: the independent variable represented by organizational conflict, and the dependent variable represented by job creativity. A measurement tool prepared in the light of previous studies was used to collect research data. The research includes two main hypotheses represented by examining the relationship between organizational conflict and job creativity statistically and morally. The hypothesis of study includes whether there is a statistically significant positive or negative correlation between organizational conflict and job creativity. The research used a set of appropriate statistical tools such as correlation coefficients, arithmetic means, standard deviations and simple regression analysis. The researcher reached a set of important conclusions and recommendations, the most prominent of which was the existence of a relationship between organizational conflict and job creativity.

The internet of things represents one of the most important technologies in the current era, which has provided great potential in various sectors, and the use of the Internet of Things in the higher education sector will provide new opportunities that can facilitate and improve the educational process. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the factors that influence the academic staff's intention to adopt the internet of things. The study proposes model consisting of factors adopted from the TAM and TOE Theories. Quantitative approach has been used in this study; the questionnaire has used to collect data from the research sample that consisting of 84 academic staff in the university of Mosul. The study used several statistical methods to analyze the data. The study used SPSS 26 and Smartpls 4 packages. The study concluded that technological compatibility and perceived usefulness have an impact on the intention to adopt the internet of things. The study recommended the need to hold workshops and training courses for academic staff in the field of Internet of Things applications.

The aim of this research to shed light on the importance of risk management and total quality management in making organizational administrative decisions in light of the intense competition between Iraqi Islamic banks, as well as clarifying the relationship between the application of preventive methods in light of total quality management to achieve customer satisfaction by providing service to the customer with less risks and the highest quality in light of the availability of expertise and skills by workers in Iraqi Islamic banks.
To achieve the objectives of the study, the researchers used the descriptive analytical method by preparing a list of the survey (questionnaire form) prepared scientifically, where this form was distributed to the employees (accountants, auditors, department managers, assistant managers as well as consultants) in Al Janoob Islamic Bank registered in the Central Bank of Iraq , (55) questionnaires were distributed and (50) questionnaires were retrieved from them, i.e. an average of 90%, and the necessary statistical analyzes were carried out to achieve the hypotheses of the study.
The study reached a set of results, the most important of which is that the Al-Janoob Islamic Bank, which is registered with the Central Bank of Iraq, is interested in developing its activity through continuous improvement of its operations and service activities through follow-up by the administrative boards, as well as investors, shareholders and lenders in order to provide high-quality services to the customer, as well The study showed that customer satisfaction is affected by the extent to which risk management and total quality management are used.
Therefore, the study introduced several recommendations, the most important of which are: the necessity for banks registered with the Central Bank of Iraq to study the market and the internal and external factors affecting the customer’s behavior before offering the service, as well as the need for the board of directors to hold specialized training courses and workshops in the banking sector and to hold scientific conferences and seminars to define the extent and importance of using risk management in light of Total Quality Management.

Contemporary international economic changes dubbed (globalization) aimed at liberalizing foreign trade and removing subsidies on exports have led to undesirable economic effects on the economies of developing countries represented in the decline in the values of their gross domestic product and thus the low efficiency of their economic performance represented by economic growth. The slow and increasing disparity in the distribution of incomes, the high levels of external debt, the lax rates of demand for its production, its dependence on one or two commodities in export, and the consequent fluctuations in the prices of its exports in the global market. So the research aims to measure and interpret the impact of globalization on economic performance and in a number of countries Arab countries represented in (Egypt, Jordan and Morocco) during the period 2000-2021, based on the hypothesis that globalization has different effects on economic performance in the countries of the research sample. According to the nature of their economic structures and the efficiency of their systems in dealing with globalization policies. The research relied on the ARDL model to conduct regression using time series data for the mentioned period and for the countries of the research sample. The results shewed a significant effect of the import variable X3 and the deficit values in the general budget of the state X5 in Egypt, and the significant effect of the foreign exchange rate X1 appeared in all countries of the research sample, as well as the effect appeared. The significant effect of the values of exports X2 in Jordan and the significant impact of the values of foreign direct investment X4 in Jordan and Morocco, and the effect of the variable of exports X2 did not appear in Egypt and Morocco. The effect of foreign direct investment X4 in Egypt and the deficit values in the state's general budget X5 in Morocco did not appear to affect the values of the gross domestic product of the countries of the research sample. The study included several conclusions. The most important of which was the low share of the countries of the research sample in exports due to the nature of the restrictions imposed on their local industries, which caused an increase in unemployment rates and a reduction in their economic growth rates. As for the most important recommendations, they adopt policies a rational economy that leads to expanding the scope of domestic and foreign investments and employing investment returns, exports and foreign loans in sectors that are characterized by a decline. As well as the ratio of capital to output in order to raise the rates of production in it and to reflect its impact on increasing the efficiency of the economic performance of the countries of the research sample.

This purpose of this paper is to identify the theoretical and intellectual aspects and the impact of financial inclusion on the quality of banking service applied on a sample of banks listed in the Iraq Stock Exchange which are selected according to international and accounting standards. Other banks were selected such as the National Bank of Iraq, United Bank for Investment, Bank of Iraq Commercial, Bank of Iraq and Credit Bank of Iraq that applying the same criteria for the period 2004-2020. The descriptive and analytical approach was used to describe all the variables, analyze them and measure them through the actual financial data available by the banks and the study sample. With the aim of evaluating and measuring the future variable (financial inclusion) and dependent variables (banking service quality) and analyzing the correlation and impact between them and their interpretation. The analysis of variance was used using the (SPSS) program to measure the correlation and impact between the results of financial inclusion and the quality of the banking service used in the study. The study reached a number of conclusions within the framework of its main and subsidiary hypotheses, the most important of which was the existence of a relationship and the impact of financial inclusion and the quality of banking service on the banking institution. Based on the conclusions, the study also recommended to need to urge all banks to use financial inclusion in all banking transactions because it has a positive impact on the bank’s performance and the development of banking services provided by all banks.

The research aims at studying the diagnosis and analysis of the reality of the investment environment in Iraq and to identify the factors influencing it, through the study of risk assessment indicators in attracting investment to the Iraqi economy during the period 2004-2020. The research focuses on the risk indicators that are represented by: the composite risk index that includes all economic risk indexes, financial risk index, political risk index, macro risk index and the Covas risk index. The purpose of analyzing these indicators in order to know and evaluate the risks of the investment environment that foreign investments may be exposed to and favor the investment decision among investors. The research reached the main conclusion that the high degree of risk (security, economic, administrative, political and social) negatively affected the investment environment in Iraq and made it an investment-repelling environment, which led to a decrease in the investment attraction rate and the reluctance of many investors to direct their investments towards Iraq, with the exception of the oil sector because of the huge profits it obtains foreign investor and companies. Therefore, the research recommends addressing the imbalances in risk assessment indicators in Iraq and finding solutions to some of them in order to encourage the flow of foreign investments and secure them against risks.

The current research seeks to identify the extent to which commercial banks practice banking entrepreneurship in its three dimensions (innovativeness, pro-activeness , risk-taking), knowledge risk management as a dependent variable in its three dimensions (human risk, technological risk, operational risk). In order to explain the relationships and links between banking entrepreneurship and knowledge risk management, a set of questions were formulated that express these links in their theoretical framework at the level of concepts, and at the practical level at the level of application among private banks in the Middle Euphrates region. The private banks in the Middle Euphrates region, which numbered (26), represented the research community bank, while the research sample was in the total administrative entrepreneurship of the mentioned banks, as the valid questionnaires amounted to (357) questionnaires. The research sought to test a number of main and sub-hypotheses related to the influence relationships between the research variables, and programs such as Microsoft 2007, SPSS V.25 and Amos V.23 were used. The results of hypothesis testing as a whole indicated the availability of support and partial acceptance of the research hypotheses at the level of the dimensions representing the variables and the relationships between them. The research showed a set of conclusions and recommendations, the most prominent of which was the orientation of the studied banks’ administrations in their decisions towards sharing opinion and adopting reference circles and their impact on knowledge risk management through the dimension (human risks) and the failure of the studied banks’ administrations to transfer knowledge and reinvention, and this is what calls for saying that administrations should make efforts banks for more effort in raising the levels of thinking consciously and making proactive work and risk-taking priorities of interest in the aspect of banking entrepreneurship and the use of departments of knowledge systems allocated to manage the various fields of knowledge while avoiding risk related to knowledge.

The Iraqi economy has faced different internal economic issues and imbalances, which have led to a decline in economic performance and development attempts. Thus, the government utilized a new mechanism after 2003 to achieve economic balance amid fluctuations in crude oil prices. However, internal imbalances persist due to economically unjustified increases in public spending distributed through channels influenced by the market mechanism. Therefore, the government's economic Role has been updated from developmental to corrective, with fiscal and monetary policies playing an important role in eliminating government assistance and foreign trade restrictions. This method has influenced resource distribution across sectors and regions and made the Iraqi economy more flexible.

This research seeks to study and analyze the components of the money supply for both narrow and broad concepts within the Iraqi economy between 2005 and 2019 by utilizing the inductive approach in the descriptive method. Additionally, this work aims to investigate the ratio of deposits to the money supply, which can reveal people's confidence in the banking system. According to the research findings, the highest percentage of contributions from the money supply were recorded during the research period, indicating a lack of confidence in the banking system. Thus, this study has suggested that implementing modern electronic mechanisms and systems would attract individuals to deposit their money in banks.

This research aims to investigate how credit policies of Iraqi commercial banks affect poverty levels by looking at government banks' credit granted to the private sector. The study utilized the Distributed Self Deceleration Model (ARDL) to examine the impact of private credit on poverty reduction in Iraq during the study period. The results show a long-term equilibrium between private credit provided by government banks and poverty levels in Iraq. Additionally, the authors have recommended addressing bureaucratic barriers and streamlining the process for granting small and medium loans to support productive projects. Finally, this research has recommended reducing the number of cash loans government banks give for consumer purchases.

This study aims to explore and analyze the relationship between brand building and strategic resilience in Iraqi private banks. The study hypothesizes that brand building has a significant impact on strategic resilience. The research utilizes a descriptive-analytical method with a sample of 200 decision-makers from 15 private commercial banks in central and southern Iraq. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and Path Analysis have been employed using the software SPSS.V.23 and AMOS.V.23. The results indicate that brand building has a positive impact on enhancing the strategic resilience of the banks in the sample

Today, the world is witnessing successive developments in all aspects of economic life, and these developments have included all sectors, including the energy sector, through what we call the industrial revolution. Artificial intelligence, the Internet of things, nanotechnology, 3D printing, cloud computing, robots, biotechnology, block chains, etc.) And integrated with each other, and this is what distinguished the fourth industrial revolution from the rest of the previous industrial revolutions, which made the world at a major inflection point, whose impact is evident in digital technologies from the window of automation and the manufacture of unprecedented things. The global energy system faces many problems, the most important of which is the shift towards renewable energy and reducing dependence on fossil fuels and the ability of alternative energy to meet the energy needs of the global economy without further damage to the environment and in a way that guarantees facing economic challenges and shocks. The Fourth Industrial Revolution has become a reality that matches what the countries of the world aim for in terms of productive efficiency, a clean environment, and a transformation of the digital economy. Most countries have also tended to search for alternative energy, which is renewable energy, and gradually reduce dependence on fossil fuels. The expectations of the year 2040 showed the expectation of a major shift in energy use. Most clean energy producing and consuming countries.