Journal Dawat

This research examines textual cohesion in the Holy Quran through a single study, namely Surah Al-Muzzammil. The research is based on theoretical premises that clarify the concepts of text and cohesion as the foundation of the concept of textual cohesion. The research then presents an applied study of the most important cohesive linking devices in Surah Al-Muzzammil, employing a descriptive-analytical approach. The research concluded with a number of findings, most notably the presence of reference, ellipsis, substitution, and conjunction as key manifestations of textual cohesion in Surah Al-Muzzammil. These mechanisms embody the textual regularity upon which the surah is based, through their deep, cohesive, and regular connections. The surah thus appears as a single discourse delivered all at once, despite the timeframe in which its verses were revealed. This represents a part of the miraculous nature of the Quranic text, which has maintained its textual and semantic unity despite the vast periods in which the entire surah was revealed.
Keywords: Cohesion, Text, Surah Al-Muzzammil, Reference, Ellipsis, Substitution.

This research seeks to investigate syntactic predication in Arabic from a pragmatic perspective, based on the recognition of its significant impact on sentence structure and communicative function. It also acknowledges the dominance of syntactic interpretation in traditional grammatical studies. The research begins with the premise that predication transcends the mere grammatical relationship between the subject and predicate, extending to encompass communicative and semantic functions shaped by context and the speaker›s intention. Its aim is to clarify the influence of pragmatic contexts, particularly the factors surrounding speech production (circumstantial and contextual), on the significance of predication and to reveal the limitations of expressive interpretation when divorced from the conditions of rhetorical application. The approach is descriptive, combined with pragmatic analytical tools to examine selected linguistic models, revealing the underlying principle that drives the development of predication functions in response to different contexts and the interaction between grammatical structures and communicative purposes. The study concludes that a pragmatic approach significantly enhances the understanding of grammatical predication and underscores the necessity of an integrated analysis that combines grammatical principles with pragmatic insights to preserve the unique characteristics of the Arabic language and unlock its semantic potential in usage.
Keywords: Syntactic Predication - Pragmatics - Arabic sentence - Context - Intentionality - Communicative function.

The theory of conversational implication is one of the Western theories within the framework of pragmatics that explores the use of language in a deeply pragmatic and philosophical manner. The theory was developed by the British scholar Paul Grice in 1957 during lectures he delivered to his students. It focuses on how a speaker can convey more meaning than words, meaning being more than what is stated. The theory is based on a general principle called the «The cooperative Principle,» which assumes that the speaker and listener cooperate in the dialogue process. This principle is then followed by several maxims: quantity, quality, relevance, manner. These principles determine the dialogue exchange between the two parties. However, when a speaker deviates from one of these principles, it produces a hidden meaning that requires the listener to pause and reflect in order to uncover the reason for the deviation or breach of the principle. The speaker deliberately uses this deviation to draw the listener›s attention to implicit information, which the listener must discover through reading and contemplation With the contexts and circumstances surrounding the text, this theory was translated into Arabic by the Iraqi scholar Dr. Hisham Al-Khalifa, who termed it «The Theory of Dialogic Allusion» in his book «The Theory of Dialogic Allusion Between Modern Linguistics and the Arab and Islamic Heritage.» In this work, he adopted a different approach and translation method than that used by other Arab translators in naming the theory, charting a distinct course from that taken by Arab researchers and translators. For a more comprehensive understanding, please refer to the aforementioned book and read it carefully. The theory aligns with the classical Arabic rhetorical arts, employing artistic and rhetorical techniques to deepen meanings and allude to hidden connotations. Among these is «Al-Hakeem Style,» which is considered one of the rhetorical styles that generates conversational implicatures. These implicatures must be examined to uncover their hidden meanings and deduce the speaker›s intent, particularly in the text of Imam Ali (peace be upon him), which is considered one of the texts that carries profound and numerous meanings within multiple frameworks. This includes the wise man’s method under the heading of violating the principle of appropriateness, which we are about to -examine and investigate.

The Great Armor (Jawshan al-Kabir) is a transmitted supplication containing the largest number of supplications, comprising a thousand invocations. Another characteristic is the omission of the response phrases within the supplication itself. The most perplexing aspect is that the well-known invocation, "Glory be to You... O Lord," is considered the response and essence of the supplication. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the nature of these omitted phrases and to explain the nature and significance of this frequently repeated invocation. This research, employing a descriptive-analytical approach and drawing upon supplications found in the Holy Quran and hadiths, examines and clarifies this issue. It reveals that each supplication corresponds to a thousand appropriate and connected responses, which can be accessed through contemplation of the meanings of the words and reflection upon the Holy Quran and other sources of supplication. Furthermore, the repeated phrase and style itself constitute a complete supplication and are not connected to most of the supplication phrases. Clarifying this matter further highlights the sublime meanings of supplication and deepens the state of prayer and intimate communion among worshippers.
Keywords: Jawshan al-Kabir, purpose of supplication, response to supplication, vocative

This study examines the phonological structure of Dua Al- Ahad as an active stylistic component in the production of meaning and the deepening of spiritual impact. It adopts a stylistic approach focusing on three principal axes: paronomasia, rhyme, and repetition. The study proceeds from the hypothesis that phonological organization in the supplication is not merely ornamental embellishment; rather, it constitutes a parallel semantic structure that contributes to shaping the recipient’s emotional experience and reinforcing the pragmatic dimension of the text. Rhythmic phenomena interact synergistically to produce an affective impact grounded in reverence and in the consolidation of doctrinal attachment, thereby rendering sound a carrier of meaning and a partner in its construction.
Keywords: Dua Al-Ahad, stylistics, sound, repetition, parallelism, rhyme.

Paronomasia is considered one of the important rhetorical devices that guides discourse towards persuasion and influence. When it appears in a speech, it creates a resonant rhythm that pleases the ear and captivates the soul, and generating a musical and rhythmic harmony. Paronomasia comes in accordance with the intended meaning, thus achieving its goal of influence and persuasion.
The nature of paronomasia›s role in strengthening the argumentative power of the speech stems from the surprise and unexpected impact it creates upon understanding the new meaning and grasping the subtle semantic difference between the two similar words, based on their apparent phonetic similarity.
This research aims to analyze and study examples of paronomasia that contribute to making the discourse persuasive in a blessed text from the Ahlul-Bayt (peace be upon them), namely, the sermons on jihad by Imam Ali (peace be upon him). It meticulously examines and analyzes these examples of persuasive paronomasia, given that these sermons are supported by argumentative techniques that guide the discourse toward influence and persuasion

The words of Imam Hussein (peace be upon him), «One like me does not pledge allegiance to one like him,» which he addressed to the governor of Medina when the latter demanded he declare allegiance to Yazid ibn Mu›awiya, have become a guiding light for believers and a source of refuge for the noble who refused to submit to the oppressors and corruptors. This research is an approach to that timeless saying, and an exploration of its eloquence, meaning, and linguistic structure, in an effort to understand its precise meaning, what the Arab intended when he used it, and what he understood from it when he heard it, using what the rhetoricians decided regarding the rules related to the rank of this structure in speech, its rhetorical significance associated with that rank, and the speaker’s intention.

This research aims to study wisdom in the poetry of the poets of «Jawahir al-Akhbar wa Mulh al-Ash›ar» (Gems of News and Salt of Poetry), considering it an artistic theme of high human value that poets utilize in their poetic texts to offer advice and guidance to individuals and groups in all aspects of their lives, with the intention of influencing them and conveying the message they wish to communicate. The themes of wisdom presented by the poets are varied, including the wisdom of patience in the face of life›s vicissitudes, the wisdom of death and life, and others. The research concludes with a summary of the most prominent findings of the researcher.
Keywords: Wisdom, Gems of News and Witty Poetry, Ibn Abi Aqama, Analysis

This research examines the semiotic transformations in Al-Jahiz›s book «Al-Bayan wa Al-Tabyeen,» which is considered one of the most important sources of the Arab heritage in rhetoric and language. It begins by defining the concept of eloquence according to Al-Jahiz, and through this, it seeks to highlight Al-Jahiz›s position on the global intellectual map and to demonstrate that the Arab heritage possesses authentic epistemological roots capable of enriching contemporary critical and linguistic studies. Al-Jahiz›s book «Al-Bayan wa Al-Tabyeen» (d. 255 AH) is considered one of the most important references that established the science of rhetoric and language in the Arab-Islamic heritage. In it, Al-Jahiz addresses language as a complex system of understanding, indicating that eloquence encompasses all means that reveal meaning and convey the intended message to the recipient. This study is particularly important in highlighting the semiotic dimension in this book. It can be considered an early introduction to understanding the signs and semantic systems used by humans in expression and communication. Therefore, it is not limited to reading the texts of Al-Bayan wa Al-Tabyeen, but also employs a comparative approach between what Al-Jahiz presented and the findings of modern semiotics. This approach affirms that Arab-Islamic thought was not isolated from the major trajectories of the development of human knowledge, but rather contributed to them and was a significant tributary of them. Al-Jahiz presents a comprehensive system that is not limited to spoken language, but includes all means of revealing meaning, such as gestures, knots, writing, and monuments.
The research examines in detail the five systems of signification identified by Al-Jahiz in his book and explains how each contributed to building an integrated communication system that reflects the depth of the linguistic and cultural experience of the Arabs in his era. It also provides an applied analysis of these systems, citing selected examples from the texts of Al-Bayan wa Al-Tabyeen, thus highlighting Al-Jahiz›s ingenuity in combining the theoretical and applied aspects. Further, the study discusses the transformations that occurred in Al-Jahiz›s semiotic thought, as his thinking moved from a comprehensive understanding of the sign to more specific classifications. With specialization and precision, the research expands the dimensions of analysis to include the psychological, social, and cultural. It highlights the pivotal role played by Al-Jahiz in establishing the foundations of semiotics within the Arab intellectual tradition, and emphasizes the importance of re-reading this tradition using modern tools and methodologies that keep pace with contemporary scientific developments.
Keywords: Semiotics, Transformations, Eloquence, Clarification.

This research aims to study the implications of grief and complaint in al-Attar›s poetry, exploring its motives, manifestations, and underlying causes, as well as identifying the mechanisms al-Attar employed to express his personal experience. This research adopted a descriptive approach, drawing upon its implications to analyze the psychological state of Attar in order to identify the sources of sadness in his poetry and clarify the motives that caused him to grieve and suffer, as revealed in his poetic texts. The nature of the research necessitated its division into two sections and a conclusion. The first section, entitled «Motives and Manifestations of Grief in Attar›s Poetry,» included two subsections: the first on romantic failure as a cause of sadness for Attar, and the second on death as a cause of sadness for Attar. The second section focused on complaint and pain, with the first subsection addressing personal lament, the second highlighting complaints about fate, and the third examining poetic rhythm.
Keywords: Grief - Motives for Sadness - Death – Complaint

It goes without saying that the topic of artificial intelligence as a literary critic is a contemporary issue that sparks widespread debate in the field of literary and intellectual studies, due to its scientific potential and philosophical challenges. Artificial intelligence is no longer merely a technological tool; it now possesses advanced analytical capabilities that enable it to process literary texts on a large scale, extract linguistic and semantic patterns, and identify aesthetic and stylistic structures that previously required considerable time and arduous human effort in traditional criticism. This development has enabled algorithms to perform critical functions; they can compare texts, analyze the relationships between words and meanings, and even provide quantitative and qualitative readings that reveal repetition, rhythm, intertextuality, and stylistic variation with high precision. However, these capabilities do not necessarily mean that the machine has become a literary critic in the human sense of the word, because literary criticism is not merely linguistic or statistical analysis. Rather, it is an interpretive act that requires cultural awareness, artistic taste, and an aesthetic sense grounded in human experience.
The limitations of creativity in automated criticism are evident in the machine›s lack of emotion and aesthetic experience. Everything it produces is based on pre-designed algorithms that treat language as data, not as a conscious experience. Perhaps the most dangerous aspect of this is that the critical process becomes a mechanical act that drains the text of its vitality and reduces meaning to statistical equations. Nevertheless, it cannot be denied that artificial intelligence has opened new horizons for criticism, enabling researchers to analyze vast quantities of texts with unprecedented speed. This has made it possible to study the evolution of literary styles across the ages and to discover hidden connections between texts that are difficult for humans to perceive. Therefore, it can be said that artificial intelligence does not eliminate the role of the critic, but rather redefines it. The human critic transforms from a direct analyst into an interpreter of the results of automated analysis, combining technical vision with aesthetic understanding.
The danger lies in an excessive fascination with technology at the expense of the human dimension in literature. If reliance on artificial intelligence becomes the basis for critical evaluation, it could lead to a decline in the aesthetic and intellectual sensibilities of critics and the dominance of rigid quantitative measures that fail to capture the spirit of the text. This phenomenon also raises ethical questions about the concept of authorship, the rights of texts, and the distinction between genuine creativity and automated production. In light of this, artificial intelligence remains a tool that inspires both admiration and apprehension. It reveals unprecedented capabilities in literary analysis, but it reminds us that the essence of literary criticism will ultimately remain a human act stemming from awareness, experience, and engagement with meaning.