Diyala Journal for Veterinary Sciences

Acremonium is a genus of fungi has been reported as possible pathogen cause mycoses infections in humans and various domestic animals. The objective of the current study was to isolate and identify Acremonium species that exist in the tanks of the anatomy department using traditional laboratories techniques including macroscopic and microscopic methods. Moreover, the research compared the antifungal effect of the different concentrations of formalin (2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 percent) on Acremonium molds isolated in the laboratory at the College of veterinary Medicine during June and July. The macroscopic examination of the mold revealed a powdery texture, with a white to pale gray or pale pink color, which turns cottony as the colony grows. Microscopic examination also revealed fungal hyphae using Lactophenol cotton stain with 40 X magnification. The findings showed that the rates of isolation of Acremonium spp. were 100%. In addition, the results revealed that formalin had good antifungal effect at the concentration of 10 percent, but the lower concentrations failed to significantly prevent the growth of fungus Aims This study aims to isolate and identify Acremonium species present in tanks of the Anatomy Department using macroscopic and microscopic methods. Results Acremonium spp. was identified by macroscopic and microscopic techniques, cultural morphology which was confirmed by the powdery texture that was observed. The colony's surface may become cottony as it ages. The surface of the colony was white, pale grey, or pale pink. and microscopically, the hyphae were hyaline and septate. Conclusions Acremonium spp fungi can grow in dissection tanks, but their growth is less when the concentration of formalin increases. The primary potential sources of contamination were identified as air, water, and animal specimens. Fungal contamination poses a serious biohazard, potentially causing significant health risks for laboratory personnel and students.

Background: Dystocia could be described as persistent and troublesome parturition, which proceeds more than 1 hour after laceration of the fetal membranes with recurrently requested assistance. Dystocia perhaps one of two maternal or fetal sources. Aims: The object of this study is to recognize the types of dystocia, and their impact on the viability of goat fetus Materials and methods: A total of 32 local breed goats (22 multipara, 10 primipara), aged between 1-3 years and weight 25-35 kg, suffering dystocia.
Results: The number of multiparous goats was 22 (68.75%), whilst primiparous goats was 10 (31.25%). The multiparous goats have difficult birth with anterior presentation of fetus were 16 (72.75%) and involved 12 (75%) have difficult male birth with anterior presentation, and 4 (25%) have difficult female birth with anterior presentation.
The number of multiparous goats have difficult male birth with posterior presentation of fetus was six (27.25%). Four dead fetuses or births have flexion of hock joints (66.66%), with significant difference toward dead fetus at P< (0.01). Two dead fetuses had flexion of retained hind limbs (33.34%) without significant difference between dead and alive fetus in this type of dystocia.
The number of primiparous goats with difficult births with anterior presentation of fetus was 10 (31.25%). Primiparous goats with difficult male birth with anterior presentation of fetus were eight. Four dead fetuses resulted from ring-womb (50%), four dead fetuses have related oversize (50%) with significant difference between dead and alive fetuses among these types of dystocia at P< (0.01). primiparous goats with difficult female birth with anterior presentation of fetus were 2 dead fetuses (100%) without significant difference between dead and alive fetuses in this type of dystocia.
Conclusions: It can be concluded that dystocia occurred in both multiparous and primiparous goats, and this dystocia due to fetal causes is more than dystocia due to maternal causes. Fetuses associated

Background: Raptors, including the wild owl, are ecologically important species that have been poorly studied anatomically and histologically, particularly the digestive accessory glands such as liver and pancreas. Aims: The present study aimed to investigate the morphometrical and histological of the large glands in the body (liver and pancreas). Results: Anatomically, the mean body weight of the owl was 102±0.33 g and the weight of liver was 1.977±1.22 g. The relative liver weight to body weight was 1.938, while the pancreatic weight was 0.453±0.4 g and its relative weight was 0.442. Morphologically, the liver composed of two lobes (right and left), the right lobe was larger than left. Liver was dark brown in color, located cranially of coelomic cavity and associated with stomach, spleen, small intestine, and ovary or testis; while the pancreas was a lobulated organ situated in the space between duodenum limbs. Histologically, the liver is covered by thin capsule which surrounded the gland. The parenchyma of liver consists of laminas arranged radially around the portal area from the venules, arterioles, and portal vein (the central vein). Each lamina is composed of hepatocytes separated by a sinusoid; while the pancreas is composed of two external portions which form groups of acini that drain into a ductus system. Each acinus is made up of pyramid cells. The other part is the internal portion (endocrine portion) consisted of various shapes and sizes. Conclusions: The wild owl displays anatomical and histological features in its liver and pancreas, reflecting its ecological and nutritional adaptations. These findings provide a primary scientific report that will contribute to enriching comparative studies among birds, particularly predatory carnivorous species.

This research investigates how 10% ginger (Zingiber officinale) and lemon (Citrus limon) extracts together with their combination affect the treatment of infected skin wounds in 12 local goats. The study created wounds measuring 10-12 cm through surgery and researchers applied daily topical treatments to four different groups including Control and Ginger and Lemon and Mixture groups for seven consecutive days. The VITEK® 2 system performed bacterial species analysis on swab samples which were collected during days 2 to 5. The Control group showed an ongoing rise in total bacterial numbers which reached 40.1 ± 3.5 CFU/ml × 10⁴ by Day 5 while developing continuous suppuration and abscess formation. The Mixture group demonstrated the highest bacterial decrease which reached 1.9 ± 0.3 CFU/ml × 10⁴ (P0.05) and all E. coli and S. dysgalactiae bacteria disappeared by Day 5. The Mixture group showed the fastest recovery from edema and inflammation signs although the Lemon group experienced initial skin irritation. The research results prove that ginger extract together with lemon extract create a more effective antibacterial solution through their combined effects. Aims: The research tests how 10% ginger (Zingiber officinale) and lemon (Citrus limon) extracts together with their combined formula help treat skin wounds which carry infections in 12 local goats. Results: Effect of ginger and lemon mixture extract to reduced the bacterial count. Conclusions: Lemon extract achieves better bacterial elimination than ginger but it produces first tissue inflammation yet ginger produces a gentler anti-inflammatory effect.

The proteins of animal consider important source for human nutrition include meats, liver and kidney that contents essential amino acids and other bioactive ingredients, Cadmium chloride which causes environmental pollution is a worldwide serious problem, the importance of current study to explain the effects of cadmium chloride accumulation in the liver and kidney which reflex the carcasses quality in polluted areas. ( 15 ) albino male rabbits were unsystematically and equal divided into three groups, 1st group considered control, 2nd group received single dose weekly 0.67 mg/kg of CdCl2 for 75 days, 3rd group received three doses weekly 0.67 mg/kg CdCl2 for 75 days, the blood samples were collected at day 75 of experiment for biochemical assay of serum total protein, serum urea, serum creatinine, Alanine amino transferase ( ALT ), Aspartate amino transferase ( AST ), Alkaline phosphatase ( ALP ). Also, liver & kidney samples were taken at 75 days for histopathological examination. The results in 2nd & 3rd group showed significant increase in total protein, urea, creatinine, AST and ALT while significantly decrease of ALP, the histopathological changes on liver in 2nd & 3rd group showed infiltration of inflammatory cells, vacuolation with necrosis of hepatocytes, while in kidney at 2nd & 3rd group showed tubular degeneration, severe necrosis of proximal tubules, these changes considered dangerous due to level of CdCl2 is elevated compared to normal limit in kidney and liver, consuming the meat and edible organs of farm animals that exposed cadmium contamination may be risk on human health and public health, according to the danger index.

Thirty (30) male rats used in the study and were divided equally into three groups: 1st group (GI): given (1CC /animal) an oral dose of phosphate buffer saline (PBS) by a stomach tube as a control group for 60 days, 2nd group (GII): One dose weekly were given 1CC viable Proteus Mirabilis (1 X 109 CFU/ml) orally by stomach tube for 60 days, 3rd group (GIII): twice dose weekly were given 1CC viable Proteus Mirabilis (1 X 109 CFU/ml) orally by stomach tube for 60 days. After 60 days of experiment collected the blood from heart for hematological analysis and collected tissue sample from kidney and urinary bladder were taken for pathological examination.
The results of hematological analysis showed significant decrease in RBC, Hb, HCT, platelets, while significant increase in WBC, neutrophils, lymphocytes & monocytes in 2ed group and 3ed group compare with control group.
The histopathological changes of Kidney in 2nd group include: all the cell lining of the proximal convoluted tubules are swollen due to acute cellular swelling and mild infiltration of inflammatory cells, other section showed bands of interstitial fibrosis with dense infiltration of mononuclear cells, Dense protein cast in the tubules, In 3rd group showed all tubules hydropic ( acute cellular swelling ), heavy infiltration around glomeruli and in the interstitial with chronic inflammatory cells, most of one lobule is necrotic and disrupted with many nuclear fragment and adherent to epithelial of Bowman capsule.

Background: Rodents are commonly used as experimental models in pancreatic research. However, there is limited data regarding the comparison of the pancreas between the Iraqi squirrel and the Syrian hamster, which restricts our understanding of their physiological differences and potential implications for research.
Aims: The study aims to investigate the histomorphological variances between the pancreas in the Iraqi squirrel and the Syrian hamster. Tissue samples were collected from the pancreas of four healthy adult Iraqi wild squirrels and four healthy adult Syrian hamsters. Pancreatic tissue was analyzed using hematoxylin and eosin, the periodic acid-Schiff, and Masson’s trichrome. In addition, the areas of the 40 islet Langerhans for each species were computed and analyzed (8 pancreatic tissues, 5 samples per tissue).
Results: The anatomical results revealed a diffuse and more visible structure in the squirrel pancreas compared to the hamster. In contrast, the hamster pancreas exhibited a distinct and well-defined lobular organization. The pancreas of these two models has three main lobes. The histochemical analysis revealed pancreatic islets with a distinct structure, differentiated from the surrounding acinar cells. Furthermore, the squirrel pancreas exhibited a more pronounced organization of acinar cells and islets of Langerhans compared to the hamster. Quantitatively, no statistically significant differences in pancreatic islet area were observed within the same species. Conversely, the pancreatic islets of a squirrel have a significantly larger area than those of a hamster.
Conclusions: The findings provide an important anatomical and histological database for understanding the functional differences and similarities between the two species. Finally, this study supports the potential use of the Iraqi squirrel as a comparative model.

Diabetes and hypothyroidism are common hormonal disorders that negatively affect metabolic function. The relationship between the two diseases is reciprocal, meaning that people with one are more likely to develop the other. This study aimed to investigate the synergistic effect of metformin and black seed (Nigella sativa) in the treatment of male rats with type 2 diabetes and hypothyroidism. The experiment was designed with 120 male Wistar rats (weighing 200-250 grams) divided to 6 groups (20 rats per group). The first groups were control group (G1), receiving no treatment other than normal saline. The remaining five groups underwent induction of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with a single intraperitoneal dose of alloxan, and symptoms of diabetes were observed 72 hours after the alloxan injection. Following diabetes induction, the second group received no treatment. The third group was treated with metformin, the fourth with black seed extract, and the fifth with a combination of metformin and black seed extract, all administered once daily for 30 days. The sixth group was unique in its treatment duration. After induction of type 2 diabetes mellitus and observation of clinical signs confirming diabetes 72 hours later, hypothyroidism was induced through oral administration of carbimazole for 28–30 days. After conducting hormonal tests and confirming hypothyroidism in addition to clinical signs, they were treated with metformin and black seed extract together for thirty days. The hormonal and biochemical indicators were measured, including thyroid hormones (T3, T4, and TSH), fasting blood glucose levels and body weight. The measurements showed that the combined administration of metformin and black seed extract, as well as treatment with each alone, significantly regulated thyroid hormone levels and significantly decreased fasting blood glucose levels and improve body weight compared to the (G1) and untreated type 2 diabetes group(G2). The results demonstrate that the combined administration of metformin and black seed extract has a significant effect on enhancing metabolic and hormonal indicators in diabetic and hypothyroid rats.

Background: Canine aspergillosis, an opportunistic fungal infection that can cause severe respiratory and systemic clinical signs in dogs, is primarily caused by Aspergillus fumigatus. Because of its progressive character and challenges in early detection, the disease is regarded as a significant veterinary issue. Finding virulence-associated genes that may contribute to the pathogenicity and severity of infection is necessary to improve diagnostic accuracy.
Methods: A total of one hundred oral and pharyngeal swab samples were taken from dogs in Diyala Province, Iraq, who had respiratory symptoms and suspected fungal infections between September 1, 2025, and February 13, 2026. The samples were identified using microscopic traits and macroscopic colony morphology after being cultivated on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) under conventional laboratory conditions. Fourteen isolates of Aspergillus fumigatus were chosen for molecular examination. Using a commercial fungal DNA extraction kit, genomic DNA was isolated in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. The gliP gene (168 bp), a potential virulence-associated gene, was the target of conventional PCR. Under UV light, 1.5% agarose gel electrophoresis was used to examine the amplified PCR products.
Aim: This study's primary goal was to separate Aspergillus fumigatus from dog clinical samples and use traditional PCR as a molecular diagnostic method to identify the gliP virulence gene.
Results: 11 out of 14 Aspergillus fumigatus isolates (78.6%) had the gliP gene, according to conventional PCR. Positive samples produced a distinct 168 bp amplicon, indicating effective gene amplification. The findings showed a strong relationship between the existence of verified fungal isolates and molecular detection.