Mustansiriyah Journal of Materials Engineering and Sustainability

Fiber-reinforced composites (FRCs) are among the most widely used materials in modern engineering applications due to their high mechanical properties and light weight. The current study involved a numerical investigation conducted through experimental a validation process using ANSYS Workbench R18.0 to evaluate the mechanical behavior and failure mechanism of (Carbon/Epoxy UD Prepreg). The modelling process was initiated using ACP-PRE to crate four types of laminate structures: balanced cross ply, symmetric, and random. The current model demonstrated an acceptable range of reliability and accuracy to investigate different laminate structures, with a validation error percentage of less than 8% and 13% for both static and explicit analysis. From the study, it has been concluded that the cross-ply layer structure has the highest ultimate stress, reaching 1911.2 MPa, while the random laminate structure has almost 80% in tensile strength reduction. A 700 MPa ultimate tensile stress was obtained for the cross-ply type, although the balanced laminate exhibited a weaker load response, 30 % lower than the cross-ply. Moreover, the laminate configuration of cross-ply stands as the best option in terms of reverse factor, which indicates a value of 6.7, and the highest energy of strain reached 1.5123 with 46% higher safety margin. As a result, this configuration is suggested to be the best combination and capability for the safety structure and energy absorption. These findings highlight the critical role of ply arrangement in enhancing the mechanical integrity of composite structures and support the need for deliberate design strategies in laminate engineering. Moreover, the current paper suggests ACP Pre (Advanced Composite Pre-processor) as an effective tool for simulating composite materials with layered structures.

This study explores the combined influence of hybrid fibers (HF) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers on the structural and physical performance of fumed-silica cement boards. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to analyze mortar mixtures containing different fiber proportions and to assess improvements in their microstructure. The experimental program included tests for compressive strength, stiffness, density, ultrasonic pulse velocity, and setting time. Findings show that incorporating 1% hybrid fibers yields the best mechanical performance, achieving a compressive strength of 46.89 MPa and a stiffness of 99.34, along with a 2.16% reduction in density compared to the reference mix. A mixture with 2% PVA fibers also enhances compressive strength (43.4 MPa) and stiffness, while higher fiber content generally leads to longer setting times. SEM observations revealed effective crack-bridging and thickening of the base matrix. Overall, the results indicate that the combination of 1% HF fibers and 2% PVA fibers represents the optimal formulation in terms of strength, durability, and rigidity, supporting the development of more advanced and high-performance cement boards.

The corrosion of carbon steel in hydrochloric acid (HCl) is a major economic and safety problem in industrial processes such as pickling and descaling. This research investigates the use of peduncle extract from Abelmoschus esculentus (okra) as a green, ecological corrosion inhibitor. A structured literature review indicates that okra extracts, particularly mucilage, can achieve high inhibition efficiencies (up to 96%) by adsorbing onto carbon steel surfaces, predominantly following the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Experimentally, weight loss measurements were performed on carbon steel in 1 M HCl with varying concentrations of okra peduncle extract (1–3) g at 20–60 °C. Results showed high inhibition efficiency (up to 98.4% at 40 °C for 3 g extract), which was concentration-dependent and exhibited a slight decrease at 60°C (90.7%). Thermodynamic analysis indicated a spontaneous physisorption process. The synthesized evidence confirms that Abelmoschus esculentus peduncle extract is a potent, sustainable, and economically viable alternative to traditional synthetic corrosion inhibitors.

Additional manufacturing technology has been used by using the laser bracket manufacturing method for the purpose of producing various geometric components. This method is characterized by many advantages and also there is a structure that can be described in low and these materials are characterized by highly controlled synthetic synthesis and are characterized by accurate engineering and featuring high deposition rates. It was noted that this method is of a complex nature where this method contains changes in structural and controlled parameters that mechanical, thermal and chemical behavior is affected by those variables. Studies on laser-based additive manufacturing show that improved mechanical properties—such as hardness, fracture resistance, yield strength, and ultimate tensile strength—are closely linked to microstructural advancements. As well because of exact control produces accurate structures, which are affected by microscopic substances. This exact control results in reduced structural contrast and improving granular size as well as improving morphological characteristics. For the purpose of improving the quality of the surface and significantly reducing the article, it has used an advanced technique for predicting the subsequent layer. In addition, interconnection between sedimentary layers may improve and this leads to treatment for conventional metals.

Concrete is still the most common building material used across the globe, but the extensive production of concrete has put tremendous pressure on natural resources, including river sand and crushed stone. At the same time, the rapid expansion of both construction and manufacturing industries has led to an increased amount of solid waste generated, specifically from ceramic debris and waste glass due to either demolition or industrial processes. Many of these types of waste materials are deposited into landfills, which adds to the degradation of our environment as well as presents challenges in their disposal. In response to this issue, recent research has expanded significantly in terms of utilizing recycled ceramic and glass waste in the development of concrete mixtures, as a means of creating a more sustainable alternative to traditional fine and coarse aggregate. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the viability of using ceramic waste and crushed glass as a partial replacement for conventional aggregates and how these two types of waste materials affect concrete's mechanical, physical, and durability properties. The goal of using ceramic waste and crushed glass is to reduce the need for extracting natural resources, limit the negative environmental impacts from the accumulation of waste in landfills, and promote sustainable construction practices. The results of this study will provide additional insight into the performance of concrete produced with ceramic waste and glass waste and how these types of materials can help to create a more sustainable construction material.