Al-Fatih journal

The aim of the current research is to evaluate the physics book for the fourth scientific grade according to the standards of infographic design and production, and in order to achieve this goal, the descriptive approach (content analysis) was chosen and the research community was identified by the physics book for the fourth scientific preparatory stage, scheduled for the academic year 2019-2020 - as for the research sample, it was all Drawings, figures and diagrams included in this book .
The analysis tool has been prepared, represented by a list of standards for designing and producing infographic, consisting of two areas, namely (educational design for typography) and contains three main criteria and (14) sub-criteria - and (technical design for graphic design) and contains (7) main standards and (37) sub-criteria. Thus, the tool consisted of (10) main standards and (51) sub-criteria distributed in the two fields.
After ensuring the apparent validity of the tool and the stability of the analysis, I adopted it in the analysis of physics books for the preparatory stage for the academic year (2019-2020)
The results of the analysis showed that the fourth-grade physics textbook

Surat Al-Hajj is one of the miracles of the Holy Qur’an, in which there are verses that were revealed in Medina, others were revealed in Mecca, verses were revealed at night and others were revealed during the day, and verses were revealed in urban areas and others were revealed during travel, and they combined many things, and it is the only surah in the Qur’an that is named after one of the pillars of Islam It is the Hajj. The surah talks about many topics, including the resurrection, resurrection, resurrection, jihad and servitude to God, so what is the relationship of all these matters to each other and to Hajj? The reality is that Hajj is the act of worship that builds the ummah because of its passages that are not known to those who perform Hajj and feel all the true meanings of Hajj. -1The Hajj reminds us of the Day of Resurrection and the busyness of that day, and the people fill the parts of the earth, and all of them are heading to one place in one garment in the heat of the sun (the pilgrimage from Muzdalifah, the descent from Arafat and the direction to throw the ritual stones) and therefore the verses came at the beginning of the surah on the Day of Resurrection ((O you who believe) Fear your Lord, because the earthquake of the hour is a great thing * when you see it amazes every breastfeeding woman about what she breastfed, and every woman gives birth to pregnancy, and you see people drunk and they are not drunk, but God’s torment is severe. ” (Verse 1 and 2.) How much did we wonder when reading Surat Al-Hajj, what is the connection between the Day of Resurrection and Surat Al-Hajj? And now the picture is clear and we understood what God wanted from these verses, so God did not reveal the verses except in their appropriate place with an arrangement and wisdom that only He knows, but the servant strives to investigate this meaning until he understands the purpose of the verses that he recites, so glory to the Almighty the Wise. -2The pilgrimage reminds us of the Resurrection Day. The pilgrims in Muzdalifah are seen sleeping after standing in Arafah on them with traces of fatigue and dust and dirt on them, then the morning prayer is called, so you see them rise and dust them off as if they were sent from their graves on the Day of Resurrection. -3Hajj reminds us of jihad, so the verses of Hajj came because Hajj is a cruel training in jihad, because it involves moving from one place to another, fatigue, and commitment to times and feelings that God has commanded and our noble Messenger has taught us. -4The Hajj reminds us of pure servitude to God, so everyone in Hajj invites one God in Arafah, even trees, beasts, birds, heavens and the earth. All call upon his Lord and praise him, but his praise is not spent on him ((Did you not see that God prostrates to him those in the heavens, the earth, the sun, the moon, the mountains, trees, beasts, many people, and many He is tormented, and whoever humiliates God is not honored, because God does what He pleases.)) At the end of the surah comes the verse of prostration ((O those who believe, bow down and worship your Lord and do good, so that you may prosper)). Verse 77, and there is a paradox between this prostration and the prostration in Surat Al-Alaq ((No, do not obey it, prostrate and come close)). The prostration in Surat Al-Alaq was the first verse of prostration in the Qur’an and it is specific to the Messenger alone. It is addressed to all the believers, so glory to God the Almighty, the surah began with a violent and frightening appearance, hearts trembling, and minds straying to him, this is the violent earthquake that is between the hands of the watch, and the horror of the frail nursing mothers increases their children, the pregnant women who have aborted their pregnancies, and the people who are reeling as if they are drunk with alcohol And they have nothing of drunkenness and drink, but it is a terrifying situation that hearts shake ((O people, fear your Lord, the earthquake of the hour is a great thing.)) •From the horrors of the Hour, eviden

Flipped classroom aims to reverse the educational process by using modern technology with intelligence. So it provides an education that suits with the requirements of students in the current era by preparing educational videos with the desired content and the students interact with it and being sent in social networks, building a preliminary dynamic perception of skill according to the mental and physical abilities of the learners
The Problem of the Research:
The main goal of the educational process is to improve its outputs, through the follow-up and reading of the researcher and recently noted the variety of teaching methods for the skills in basketball game and the lack of use of modern strategies and effective methods in the educational process that increase learning and cognitive failure for female players
The Aims of the research are represented as:
1-Preparing educational units with the strategy of (flipped row) for the skill of basketball.
2-Identify the effect of using the strategy of (reverse row) on learning the skill of the puck in basketball.
Hypotheses of Research;
1- There are statistically significant differences between the pre and post test in favor of the post test.
2-There are statistically significant differences between the pre and post test and in favor of the post test for the control group.
3-There are statistically significant differences between the post-test for the control and experimental groups and in favor of the experimental group.
The Second Chapter:
The researcher mentioned the theoretical framework and previous studies related to the study of the research.
The Third Chapter:
As for the third chapter: the researcher used the experimental method in the method of equal groups in order to suit the approach followed with the nature of the study and its objectives, and the research community was determined consisting of the players of the Specialized School branch of Diyala for the year 2019-2020 and of (20) players were chosen by the deliberate method of the research community
The Fourth Chapter:
It included the presentation of results and their discussion, as the results revealed a positive impact of (flipped classroom) strategy To learn the skill of the puck in basketball
The Fifth Chapter:
1- Preparing educational units in the strategy of (reverse row) for skill (Al-Tabtba) in basketball, taking into account the individual differences between the players
2-The flipped learning strategy has an important and effective role in learning the skill of the puck in basketball
3-The reverse learning strategy gave an opportunity to activate the students and explain their role, as well as gave the teacher more time to notice the players when performing the skill of the pupils in basketball.
4-There is a positive effect of the strategy of (the reverse row) on learning the skill of the bullets in basketball between the two groups in the post-test and for the benefit of the experimental group.
The researcher recommends the following :
1-Working on holding seminars and workshops for students and teachers to clarify the nature of the flipped learning strategy and its dimensions
2-Conducting a study similar to the current study on skills and individual and team sports such as (foot - tennis - plane – hand)
3-Conducting studies similar to the current study in which the reverse learning strategy is used on both sexes (males - females) and at all educational levels (primary - secondary – university)

The paper aims to explicate the educational effect of mercy in the Holy Quran. The researcher has adopted the inductive, and descriptive-analytical approaches. The procedures were to read the Holy Quran, identify the verses (Ayat) that mentioned mercy in its various terminologies, refer to the books of Quran interpretation (Tafseer) and language to extrapolate the meanings of mercy in the holy verses, and then to figure out the educational effects of mercy in terms of: individual, family, society, humanity in general, and the educational field.
Moreover, the study results showed that the study of the mercy verses in their abundant number, and the breadth of meanings will result in heart-comfort, reassurance and glad tidings. They also clearly clarify that mercy is the general law of the Islamic religion. Mercy is a method, means and ends that includes all creatures, extends throughout the world and the afterlife, and works to dispel anxiety, concern, despair and sorrow out of humans. Furthermore, mercy arises hope and optimism to win Allah's rewards, adds feelings of honor, transcendence and high status to the innermost, and calls at the same time to work and charity to reach supremacy and high-level status. Therefore, its impacts are many wherever one looks and ponders. Some of such impacts can be comprehended via studying signs and contemplating over them, as well as via watching the universe, events, experiences and biographies, which are crystal clear to those who think and scrutinize the course of events, and are far from those who are busy with trivialities. The scope of mercy is not possible to measure because it has expanded everything, as it is a gift and virtue bestowed from Allah almighty.

The study aimed at assisting decision-makers in education to build plans for developing literacy ability based on the reality of the use of technology by the teacher and the reality of the student’s interaction with it, and trying to reveal the difficulties that teachers face in using the technology to raise female students ’reading ability, and to build a scale to reveal the teachers’ attitudes toward using Technology in teaching reading in order to prepare for international tests. The solution was used to achieve these desired goals, and the questionnaire carried out by the researcher helped to use them as a tool for the study.
The validity and reliability of the study tools were also confirmed, and the study was applied to a sample of 38 singles, and was applied in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in 1440 AH. The objective of this tool was to reveal the sites of using technology in developing the reading ability of students according to the Perls test indicators from one point View the teachers and their direction towards it.
The results of that study revealed that enhancing female students ’self-learning skills in understanding and interacting with the reciter is one of the most important techniques that a teacher follows to develop female students’ reading ability, and that education based on pleasure and excitement is one of the most common techniques that students interact with, and that teachers ’attitudes toward using technology in Development of students' reading ability according to the Perls test indicators represented in their desire to know a lot about technical applications that support the interpretation and coordination of information in scientific texts, and their belief that the application of technology in developing the ability to use technology to develop the estimator Literacy the most important laws and regulations that may limit the students to bring PCs to the school.
The study recommended a number of recommendations, including: Trying to utilize class time to monitor students' reading skills and monitor their growth, providing technical alternatives that fit the goals of the lessons that are appropriate to the interests of students, paying attention to the level of Arabic language teachers, strengthening their technical skills, and organizing training courses for teachers On how to use technical applications in the development of literacy.
Keywords: Technology – Literacy – Pearls Test – Technology and Reading

The current research is important because it deals with the concept of social intelligence and aims to identify the effect of positive psychology strategies on developing some social intelligence skills among students of fine arts institutes by verifying the following hypotheses: -
1- There are no significant differences at the level of significance (0.05) between the experimental group scores before and after the program.
2- There are no significant differences at the level of significance (0.05) between the scores of the experimental group and the control group in the post-test.
3- There are no significant differences at the level of significance (0.05) between the scores of the experimental group in the post and adjunctive tests.
In order to achieve the objectives of this research, two tools were applied, namely the (Abdul Razzaq, 2015) scale of social intelligence, and the experimental program prepared according to the strategies of positive psychology that the researcher prepared.
The experimental approach was adopted to verify the hypotheses of the current research, as the research sample consisted of (30) students who obtained the lowest score on the scale of social intelligence, and they were selected from the Institute of Fine Arts for Boys in the city center of Baquba / Diyala Governorate, and the sample was distributed lntentionally between two equal groups. The prepared program was used to apply it to the experimental group, while the control group was not exposed to the counseling program. The researcher adopted the positive psychology strategies method and the number of sessions (15 sessions) was presented to a group of experts in this field, and they supported the validity of the program and to process the research data. Adoption of several statistical methods (Pearson Correlation Coefficient, Kolmkorff - Samir Nouf selection, Wilcoxen test).
The current research has reached the following results: -
1- The presence of significant differences at a significant level of (0.05) in the experimental group and in favor of the program.
2- The presence of significant differences at the level of significance (0.05) between the experimental and control groups in the post-test in favor of the experimental group.
3- There are no significant differences at the level of significance (0.05) between the scores of the experimental group in the post-test and the adjunct.

Abstract The present research aims at identifying the relationship between coexistence skills and strength of Ego in regards to gender and specialization variables. The main sample of the research comprises 150 students; 75 male and 75 female students. The researcher prepared a scale for measuring coexistence skills, while the scale for measuring strength of Ego is adopted from Odeh (2002). The collected data have been analyzed by using the statistical package (SPSS). The researcher finds that the level of coexistence skills for university students is moderate. In addition, their strength of Ego is also within the middle level. There is a statistical significant relation between coexistence skills and strength of Ego among university students. There is also statistical significant difference in coexistence skills among students according to gender variable in favor of male students, but there is no statistical significant difference in coexistence skills according to specialization. There is no statistical significant difference among university students in strength of Ego in regards to gender and specialization variables. A number of recommendations have been set by the researcher including the interest in curricula at different academic levels to enhance the notion of admiring others and coexist with them. The researcher also suggest to conduct a study identifying the relation between strength of Ego and making decision among university students

The current research aims to identify the following :-
1-The level of stressful life events for the students of Al-Miqdad College of Education.
2-The level of psychological stability among the students of Al-Miqdad College of Education.
3-The relationship between stressful life events and psychological stability among the students of Al-Miqdad College of Education.
4-The difference in the relationship between stressful life events and psychological stability of the students of Al-Miqdad College of Education based on the gender variable (males, females).
To achieve the objectives of the current research, the researcher adopted Al-Zubaidi’s scale (Al-Zubaidi, 2009) , which is composed of (27) items and binary alternatives to measure stressful life events. The researcher adopted Al- Khazraji’s scale (Khazraji 2006) of psychological stability which is consisted of (29) items and five alternatives to measure psychological stability. However, after carrying out the scales to the research sample, which covered 200 male and female students at Al-Miqdad College of Education , the outcomes indicated that the level of stressful life events was low and the level of psychological stability was high. Furthermore, the results revealed that the relationship between the two variables was good, and the results showed that there is a difference in the relationship between the two variables according to the gender variable.

The Iraqi press was concerned with the Marrakesh countryside revolution, which was described as one of the most important Arab liberation revolutions after the First World War. It was a continuation of the revolutions that took place in the Arab countries, where the revolution constituted the natural response to the policy of occupation, protection, and mandate imposed by the colonial states. The Marrakesh countryside was subject to Spanish influence and protection under an agreement between France and Spain from 27/11/1912. The Marrakesh countryside is located in the northern part of Morocco, and it forms a connected geographic and population bloc, which extends along the Mediterranean coast. It is inhabited by tribes belonging to the Berber origin and among the most important of these tribes (Bani Warighayil ) to which the leader of the countryside revolution (Muhammad Abdul Karim Al-Khattabi) belongs. The revolution began among the ranks of this tribe and extended to all the tribes that gave allegiance to the leader of the revolution and then moved from one victory to another victory over the Spanish occupiers, until it achieved a great victory over the Spanish forces in the battle (Anwal). Which is a turning point in the revolution and the result is the declaration of the independence of the countryside and the establishment of an independent entity called (Republic of the Countryside) and then the leader Muhammad al-Khattabi formed a government based on running the country and serving the people. This great era achieved by the countryside revolutionaries dazzled the European countries, especially France, which feared about its interests and colonies in North Africa, which led it to form battalions of European volunteers in order to support the Spanish army against the rural rebels. These brigades were contained and annexed to the great French army, which went to support the Spanish army in the Marrakesh countryside, and after that it carried out a massive attack on the countryside revolutionaries. They used all their advanced weapons and military equipment as if they were facing the most powerful army in the world. The battle ended with the surrender of Commander Muhammad al-Khattabi to the French army, and thus ended one of the greatest Arab popular revolutions after the First World War. The Iraqi press at that time paid great attention to the Marrakesh revolution and closely followed the news of the revolution and its events. The press had a great role in exposing the events of the revolution in addition to the cultural aspect. In writing research papers and articles that have dealt in detail about the events of the revolution and its importance and as one of the most important global liberation movements

The aim of the research is to identify the difficulties faced by the kindergarten teacher in distance education in light of the Corona pandemic, and to develop suggested solutions that can be applied to overcome these difficulties. The study sample consisted of (60) kindergarten teachers in (20) kindergartens from (North, South, East and West of Riyadh), and he used the descriptive and analytical approach through which the researcher can study what is happening in the educational arena in light of the Corona pandemic, and to answer the research questions, the researcher prepared a survey questionnaire for the teachers ’opinion on the most prominent obstacles they face in the following areas: technical, educational, planning and bearing Responsibility, social and health, and each axis consisted of a group of statements, so that the total number of the questionnaire statements became (45) statements, and the results were analyzed and interpreted in light of both the theoretical framework and related studies, and the results showed that, in general, the teachers faced technical obstacles by (82%). And social obstacles by (72%), while educational and educational obstacles were faced by (62%), planning obstacles by (52%), and health obstacles by (43%), while it faced obstacles to assuming responsibility by (35%). As a whole, (61%), and in light of the results, a set of recommendations and proposals were formulated.

The current research aimed to identify (the administrative value system of the Directorate of Vocational Education Schools and its relationship to the organizational commitment of teachers). The current research has been identified with the teachers of the third vocational education department / Rusafa in Baghdad governorate for the academic year (2020-2021) and the research sample consisted of (150) teachers by (51) male and 99 female teachers were chosen from the original community of the teachers of the third vocational education department / Rusafa in Baghdad governorate, who numbered (175) male and female teachers. The researcher extracted the indicators of validity and reliability of the scale. The researcher used a set of statistical methods, including (the T-test for one sample, the Fakronbach equation, the Pearson correlation coefficient), and the SPSS was used to reach the results required in the research procedures, and the current research concluded that the principals of vocational education schools from the viewpoint of their teachers They work according to an administrative value system, that the principals of vocational education schools from the point of view of their teachers have a developmental commitment in their work, and there is a correlation between the system of administrative values and organizational commitment.

The current research aims to identify :-
1- The degree of social laziness among the middle school students
2- Identify the significance of the difference in the variable of social indolence among high school students, according to the gender variable (males - females).
To achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher adopted the scale prepared by (Al-Ajam 2017) consisting of (25) paragraphs and binary alternatives for measuring social indolence, and after applying the scale to the research sample consisting of (200) students from high school students, the results showed that the degree of social indolence among students It was (29.82) and the degree of social indolence among males was (30.33) and the degree of social laziness among females was (25.51). The results also showed that there were statistically significant differences according to the gender variable in favor of (males).

The study aimed to build a scale of personal attractiveness from the mutual point of view among students of the College of Education for Human Sciences, measure the level of attractiveness of students, build a scale of psychological flexibility for students of the College of Education for Human Sciences, measure the level of psychological flexibility of students, identify the relationship between the two variables and the indications of differences in the level of personal attractiveness. The psychological flexibility of the students of the College of Education according to the variables of sex (Males - Females), the academic grade (First - Fourth), the two researchers relied on the descriptive approach for its suitability to the nature of the research, and the research sample consisted of (280) students who were chosen by the stratified random method from the research community represented by students of the College of Education for Human Sciences at the University of Mosul and in order to achieve the research objectives, the two researchers built the two research tools and extracted their apparent and constructive truthfulness and the distinctive strength of the paragraphs and stability by the method of repetition. Reliability for the gravitational scale (0.85) and stability for the psychological flexibility scale (0.81) paragraph The data were statistically treated using (SPSS) statistical program and the studies showed some results, including:
1- Students of the College of Education for Human Sciences enjoy a high level of personal attractiveness and flexibility Mental.
2- Male and fourth-grade students enjoy a better level of personal attractiveness than male students Females and first-grade students, and in light of the results, the two researchers put forward some recommendations And proposals.

The aim of the research was to know (the effect of the learning contracts strategy on the fourth-grade students ’academic achievement in physics and their critical thinking). Based on an experimental design with the two groups, the sample consisted of (63) students representing students of the fourth grade for high schools of the General Directorate For education / Diyala, which is (Al-Dhariyat High School for Girls) for the academic year (2019-2020 AD), the division was divided into two divisions, Division A consisting of (32) female students and Division (B) (31) female students, after which the selection was made randomly, so the control group was represented by Division A, which was taught by the method. The (regular) practice, and the experimental group represented by Division B, which was taught by the strategy of learning contracts, and depending on that, the researcher constructed an achievement test for the scientific content of the subject containing (40) objective paragraphs from the multiple choice category, and the critical thinking test was adopted for (Abdul, 2012) which was composed of (90) paragraphs built in light of the capabilities of the (Watson & Glasser) test, as it included five sub-tests which are (knowledge of assumptions, interpretation, evaluation of arguments, inference, and deduction. The validity, stability, and political characteristics of the two tests were verified, and the discriminatory strength of the paragraphs, their difficulty coefficient, and the effectiveness of the alternatives were verified after the two groups were rewarded in the variables (previous student achievement, mental age, months.) By using the T-test, the results of the two statistical tests showed that there is a statistically significant difference between the scores of the students who were taught the learning contracts strategy (the experimental group) and the students who studied by the usual method (the control group) and the method of the experimental test method. D. Statistically between the grades of the female students who studied in the strategy of learning contracts (the experimental group) and the students who studied in the usual method (the control group) and the experimental group’s side in the critical thinking test, and depending on the results, the researcher had a vision that: Included in the curriculum as well as teaching methods in colleges of education.

The study aimed to verify the impact of the number of response points to the Likert scale on the psychometric properties of psychological measures. The researcher relied on the Self-efficacy scale as a model. The study randomly sampled was chosen from students of the College of Educational Sciences at Imam Muhammad ibn Saud Islamic University, Department of Psychology, all the four study levels. The study relied on the use of confirmatory factor analysis to estimate the construct validity to differentiate the difference between the different models best fitted. The internal consistency stability was estimated by using Cronbach's alpha coefficient for each construct. The results were in favor of the four-response model as the first section, then five-response, then triple, and then six-response model. The seven-Likert point model was a poorly fitted one. The study recommends relying on psychological tests and measures consisting of a four or six response grading in the case of scale whose psychological and emotional characteristics are affected by the type of the unbiased response, then, It is preferable to exclude any rejection response that is influenced by social acceptability. The study also confirms the use of five-response grading because of its statistical robustness.

The aim of the current research is to indicate the most important effects of the presence of waste on the achievement of learners from the teachers’ point of view. To achieve the goal, the researcher adopted the descriptive analytical approach. The research community consisted of science teachers for the primary stage. Forty teachers were chosen randomly. It consisted of (30)paragraphs, and all of these paragraphs were fulfilled. Therefore, it is up to education
Represented by the school, its management and educational staff, the introduction of treatments to get rid of what is caused by the presence of waste near or inside schools. It was found that what waste causes if not treated, it will greatly affect the level of achievement of learners. So, the researcher recommended recommendations to reduce the impact of waste on learners by emphasizing treatments.
1- Emphasis on applying treatments seriously.
2- Continuing with advice and awareness.
The researcher suggested proposals, including studies on
1- The impact of waste on the health of students.
2- Waste and the aesthetic shape of the school.

The paper aims to find out the effect of teaching the genetics and development unit in accordance with the strategy of the listening triangle on the achievement of first intermediate class students and their high-level thinking in Iraq. To achieve this aim, the researcher has conducted an experiment that spanned a full semester. Moreover, the researcher chose Al-Adnania High School for girls in terms of random selection method by lot. The research sample comprised (62) students; (32) students in the test group and (30) student in the control group. Then, the two groups were matched in the variables of (age in months, intelligence, previous knowledge).
Furthermore, the researcher adopted the experimental design with partial adjustment of two equal groups. Via delineating the statistical tools, the results mirrored that there are statistically significant differences between the average scores of the test group students and the average scores of the control group students in the achievement test and high-level thinking test. Therefore, the researcher recommends the necessity of using modern trends in teaching methods in the teaching of sciences, especially the listening triangle strategy, which has proved effective in this paper.

The current research included the topic (Coping skills and its relationship to social shyness in kindergarten children). The research included four chapters. The first one included the definition of the research and the research problem ((Is there a relationship between coping skills and social shyness? The coping skills are acquired by the child negatively and positively to the tendency of some kindergarten children towards involving themselves in dangerous events or circumstances that may affect them. If the child risks his/her life in order to assert him/herself and in order to appear and be proud of him/herself or because of the parents or one of the parents encouraging their child's reckless behavior with the aim of joking or because the teacher encourages one of the children spontaneously for a strange behavior of the child that is bold and distinguished.
Social shyness is one of the behavioral problems, as the child has excessive shyness, retraction and reluctance to interact with others. It does not play the role and social function towards one of his/her friends and relatives because shyness is controlled over him/her. It also does not take any risks or risks in communication and social integration and comes in the form of aversion to relatives and friends in school. It moves away from them and avoid them in entering with them by talking and sharing with them, as it is sufficient to speak with close colleagues only with members of his family.
The importance of the research: ((Pupils' acquisition of coping skills is important for their social development, their adaptation to other peers, and their integration into the school community with which they interact, and therefore children who do not possess the appropriate and necessary amount of coping skills will face major problems in their interaction and adaptation with themselves and with others from those in the environment((
The objectives of the research included identifying the followings:
1- Knowing the level of coping skills of kindergarten children.
2- Knowing the level of social shyness among kindergarten children.
3- Is there a relationship between coping skills and social shyness among kindergarten children?
The second chapter includes the theoretical framework and the most important ideas of literature, theories, Arab and foreign studies prior to the first variable (coping skill) and the second variable of the (social shyness). The third chapter includes the research methodology from the research community from the primary stage students of Baghdad education, 1st of Rusafa. The sample of the research was (60) male and female students from the primary stage of Diyala education were chosen by a simple random method. The two research tools adopted by the researcher from my two scales were (Dr. Doha, 2017) And (Dr. Jamila, 2016), which were composed of (53) items. As for the stability of the scale that has been reached it by the way of re-testing the stability value of the first scale was (0,85) and (0.79) so the value of the stability of the second scale, which is an acceptable value for the stability of the two scales.
The researcher reached to the following results:
1- That the current research sample of Kindergarten children do not have coping skills.
2- That the current research sample of Kindergarten children have social shyness.
3- There is a relationship between coping skills and social shyness among preschool children.

The study aimed to identify the level of organizational culture of high school principals in Baqubah district which is affiliated to the General Directorate of Diyala Education and its relationship with the teaching competencies of physical education teachers. The researcher used the descriptive approach in the method of correlational relations. The research tool was also used which consists two measures. The first one is the culture scale organizational, which consists of five areas (work values, organizational beliefs, organizational norms and laws, organizational expectations, and human relations).The scale itself consists of (42) paragraphs distributed into five areas. The teaching competency scale was used, which consisted of (47) items which are distributed into (7) areas. The sample of school principals and assistants was made up to (155) whereas the sample of physical education teachers consisted of (109) The results of the study showed that the existence of a significant relationship between the study variables, the organizational culture of school administrations and the teaching competencies of female teachers were confirmed by the study of Al-Ghamdi (2009), which aimed to identify organizational culture in secondary schools in The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and its relationship to the job commitment of its workers. The study came out with the most important recommendations, urging high school principals to make more efforts to clarify the rules, regulations governing school work for all teachers and also to involve a larger number in school decision-making, giving greater powers in dealing with work systems. The school system is like a system for accounting for the absent teacher, the tardy teacher, or the negligent teacher in order to achieve the interest of the work.

This study aims to assess the fluency of reading English of Yemeni grade 10 students through implementing the phonics instruction method as an effective tool. In this experimental study the target group has been selected from 4 Yemeni government schools in the governorate of Hodeidah . The study was conducted on 100 students, 25 from each school. A reading text was selected from the course book. The phonics screening check was prepared and it contained words from the text (real words) and pseudo-words. To determine the effectiveness of the phonics method a quantitative approach was used and test (1) was conducted before the experiment and test (2) after the experiment . The results indicated that the phonics instruction method was quite effective in enhancing reading fluency of Yemeni learners. The analysis was based on t- test which indicated that there was a statistically significant difference between the Pre-test and the Post-test in the knowledge of the sounds.The test (2) or post-test results also showed that the reading fluency of the students who received phonics instruction has improved. So implementing phonics at Yemeni Secondary schools and maybe earlier at the primary stage will be productive and very effective for improving reading fluency as well as spelling accuracy of the learners of English.
It is highly recommended from the education instructors and experts in the ministry of education in Yemen to include phonics instruction in the syllabus design of learning English at schools because this basicunderstanding of phonics can significantly aid in further language development of the Yemeni learners of English if they desire to continue studying English.

The current research aims at investigating evaluation of English textbook for Sixth primary grade from perspective of English teachers .The sample of the research consists of (40) teachers (male &female) which are chosen intentionally from the teachers who teach English for sixth primary grade in Mosul city during academic year 2019-2020 . The researchers prepared questionnaire depending on the previous studies. The questionnaire includes (23) items with three alternatives for answering .The reliability has been calculated by using person correlation which yield (0,86). The results showed many positive and negative aspects such as :-
1- The English textbook includes many activates that encourage on speaking skill, it also contains many passages that help them to learn many new vocabularies .
2- It includes many typing mistakes.
3- There is no balance between number of lessons in textbook and number of English lessons in the school year .According to that the researchers present many suggestions and recommendations .