The present century has witnessed the development of green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and its wide application in the medical field. The green synthesis method is the most stable, highly effective and easy to prepare method for producing AgNPs. Figs, olives and moringa trees are grown in Iraq and have been mentioned in the Holy Qur’an several times and their benefits, as well as the proof of intensive scientific studies of the benefits of figs, olives and moringa, whether their leaves or fruits against microbes, oxidation, cancer and various therapeutic applications. Accordingly, the study aimed to examine the plant composition of leaves (fig, olive and moringa) and the possibility of forming AgNPs nanoparticles against the activity of cancer cells. The surface properties of AgNPs were confirmed and described by UV-Vis, XRD, SEM, TEM, AFM and FTIR spectrophotometry. And also FESEM, TEM technique was used to find the average size and the morphological shape of AgNPs. And the TEM results showed the average size of the nanoparticles of the plant synthesis of fig, olive and moringa (FOM) between 44.08-71.57 nm. Also, the ability of FOM mixture extract with silver nanoparticles to inhibit a type of FCM 7 cancer cell lines was studied. The results of the study showed the significant presence of the biological active components of the plant synthesis. Also, the ability of FOM mixture extract with silver nanoparticles to inhibit a type of FCM 7 cancer cell lines was studied. The results of the study showed the significant presence of the biological active components of the plant synthesis. Nanomaterials of synthetic nanoparticles have also demonstrated the size and shape of the nanoparticles and the presence of reactive chemical bonding sites. The study also proved that using concentrations higher than 50 µg/mL that there is a possibility to kill and inhibit the growth of cancer cells of type FCM 7 in later study.

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the effect of packaging characteristics on consumer evaluation of food products. The questionnaire form prepared for this purpose included 20 questions for 149 consumers in Baghdad, regarding consumer awareness of the importance of packaging design, the impact of packaging materials from which the packaging is made, product characteristics, the influence of the brand and the country of origin on the consumer's purchasing decision, the results of questionnaire analyzed using percentages, weighted arithmetic mean and percentile weight, the results showed that the packaging characteristics of food products was effect on the purchasing decision for Iraqi consumer.

The current study aimed to estimate the concentrations of each of the metallic elements lead (Pb), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd) using the atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS) technique, and the residues of some mycotoxins using the High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) In samples of fresh, local and frozen chicken livers imported from different origins, which are sold in the local markets of Baghdad, the lead level ranged between (0.1470- 0.3768) μg/g, fresh weight of liver for local and Brazilian, respectively, and for the copper element (0.5032 - 1.8351( μg/g for the local and Brazilian, respectively, and the level of zinc ranged between (3.2890-4.1016) μg/g for the Brazilian and local, respectively, and the level of cadmium was (0.0031-0.1230) μg / g for the Brazilian and local liver, respectively, While the results showed the levels of mycotoxin residues (AFB1: Aflatoxin B1, AFB2: Aflatoxin B2, AFG1: Aflatoxin G1, AFG2: Aflatoxin G2) for liver samples under local study (1.35, 1.86, 1.02 and 0.91) μg/kg, respectively, for AFB1 toxins., AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2, and they reached (1.53, 1.35, 1.10 and 0.83) μg/kg in the Turkish liver, respectively, while in the Brazilian it showed (1.73, 1.62, 1.22 and 0.97) μg/kg.

The primary cause of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is autoantibodies to self-antigens. Interleukin 37 (IL-37) and Interleukin 40 (IL-40) are important cytokines which may play a role in regulating inflammation and involved in pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases like SLE. This study was aimed the interleukin levels (IL-37 and IL-40) during systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) development in Iraqi female patients. The present study was conducted on 100 female SLE patients and 100 healthy female controls, with mean ages of patients and controls )32.85 ± 0.99 and 32.05 ± 0.91)years, respectively. Erythrocytes Sedimentation Rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were investigated in this study. Enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay(ELISA) kits examined levels of interleukins in the serum of patients and healthy controls. The results found that IL-37 levels in SLE patients were lower than in controls(23.39 ±0.92ng/mL vs48.02 ±0.46ng/mL), respectively, with a statistically significant. While serum IL-40 levels appeared to have a higher significant in patients compared with the healthy control (9.98 ±0.32ng/mL vs4.16 ±0.05ng/mL) respectively. Also, ESR and CRP was high significant in patients compared with healthy controls. In conclusion, these findings suggest that IL-40 and IL-37 could be used as a biomarker for SLE.

Due to the need for controlling and regulating of feed pellet. Pellet that is imported or locally manufactured is accompanied by cracking and crumbling percentage that occur during transporting and distributing to animals, using conveyors and mechanical feeders. This study aimed to determine the effect of particle size and die holes diameter in the machine on broiler feed pellets quality in pellet durability, pellet direct measurement, pellet expansion, and pellet length. Three particle size 2, 4, and 6 mm, and three diameters of die holes in the machine 3, 4, and 5 mm, have been used. The results showed that changing the particle size from 2 to 4 then to 6 mm led to a significant decrease in pellet durability and pellet lengths, pellet expansion was increased, whereas it did not significantly effect on pellet direct measurement. Increasing the die holes diameter from 3 to 4 to 5 mm led to a significant decrease in pellet durability, pellet direct measurement and pellet lengths, increased pellet expansion. The particle size of the diet 2 mm and die holes diameter of 3 mm recorded the highest pellet durability at 93.40%, pellet direct measurement at 95.12%, pellet lengths at 86.96%, and less pellet expansion at 0.88%. The minimum particle size and die holes diameter gave the highest pellet durability, pellet direct measurement, pellet lengths, and lowest pellet expansion with all the considered indicators.

The current research aims to identify the problems facing fodder crop farmers in the side of Rusafa/ Baghdad Governorate, where the research community included all the agricultural divisions of the Directorate of Agriculture in Baghdad Governorate/ Rusafa and the number (5) agricultural divisions and a have withdrawn a random sample of them at a rate of 50% and it was (3) agricultural divisions , and a random stratified sample was selected proportional from the farmers of fodder crops by 40% of each agricultural division and their total became (145) farmers, and research data was collected using a questionnaire that included 35 paragraph distributed in two fields and the first field included five axes, and the data was analyzed using the statistical analysis program spss, as well as the use of manual analysis using the Vakronbach coefficient, the weighted mean, the hypothetical mean and weight percentile, and the results of the research showed that the problems facing Fodder Crop farmers are many and varied, as the problems associated with the environment came in the beginning in terms of importance with a weighted mean (3.61) degrees and a weight percentile (90.25) degrees, then followed by problems Associated with the cultivation and service of the crop with a weighted mean (3.48) degrees and a weight percentile (87) degrees, and We conclude from this agreement and approval of all respondents on the fields, axes and paragraphs of the questionnaire, and the researcher has recommended the need for more efforts by the extension institutions And the relevant authorities to prepare and implement programs that include activities and practices such as extension seminars and training courses, and work on communication and exchange of visits and attention to modern means of communication in a way that contributes to addressing the problems facing farmers in the field of cultivation and productivity of fodder crops and ways to address them and find solutions, and provide and provide the necessary support to farmers by the Ministry of Agriculture and the relevant authorities represented by production requirements.

The study was conducted to control cobweb disease caused by Cladobotryum dendroides and green mold disease caused by Trichoderma aggressivum, which infect the white fungus Agaricus bisporus crop. The laboratory results on the pathogenicity of the two pathogenic fungi showed their ability to cause infection in the white fungus and the emergence of symptoms. The addition of garlic and neem extracts, separately, at three concentrations (0.25, 0.5, and 1%) to the media, potato dextrose agar (PDA), led to a significant decrease in the percentage of inhibition of pathogenic fungi C. dendroides and T. aggressivum. The highest inhibition rates obtained when using garlic extract at a concentration of 1% against the two pathogenic fungi amounted to 62.93 and 74.97%, respectively, while the name extract recorded the highest inhibition rate at the same concentration, reaching 43.47 and 32.37%, respectively. Also, when testing the extracts in the traditional cultivation of white fungus, it was noted that the garlic extract at a concentration of 1% was significantly superior in controlling infection, and no symptoms appeared when using it, the use of plant extracts at different concentrations did not record a significant difference in the period required for the emergence of fungal pins compared to the control treatment without a pathogen, the highest amount of white fungus production was 1000 g/bag when using garlic extract at a concentration of 0.5% in the presence of the pathogen C. dendroides, while the highest amount of production was 1355.0 g/bag when using neem extract at a concentration of 0.25% when infected with the pathogen T. aggressivum.

The body's energy metabolism can be significantly affected by thyroid diseases, making them a prime concern for medical professionals. Despite this, traditional lipid profile tests are still commonly used by physicians to diagnose these conditions. The aim of the current study is to assess the efficacy of several atherogenic indices in predicting the risk of cardiovascular disease among patients with thyroid dysfunction, including the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), Castelli's risk index I and II (CRI-I and II), the atherogenic coefficient (AC), and the cholesterol index (CHOL index).Methods: A100 woman was involved in this study which diagnosed with thyroid dysfunction, and their thyroid hormone levels were used to divide them equally into two groups: Hyperthyroidism patients (n=50) with aged 18-60 years old and Hypothyroidism with patients (n=50) with aged 18-75 years old. Additionally, 30 healthy women between the ages of 18 and 70 were included as a control group. To collect data, demographic and clinical measurements were taken, including body mass index (BMI), age, weight, lipid profile and atherogenic indices such as AIP, CRI-I, CRI-II, AC, and CHOL index. Thyroid hormone levels (TSH, T3 and T4, freeT3, freeT4) were also recorded for all participants. Results: The calculated atherogenic indices of the patients and controls revealed the presence of significant increase (P<0.05) in these indices in both thyroidism patients groups when compared with that of control group. Conclusions: These results suggest that patients with thyroidism are at high risk to cardiovascular diseases and the regular monitor for dyslipidemia is very important in order to start an early treatment and advise them for changing their life style.

The inhibitory effect of the hot aqueous extract of commercial jasmine rice bran (HAE) and the purified tricin compound on the growth of some food-borne pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli, E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Shigella spp, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus and Bacillus subtilis) and compared with phenol coefficient using several dilutions of water: purified tricin (70:1, 90:1, 1:100, 1:120 and 1:150). and water: purified tricin (70:1, 90:1 and 1:100),at the same concentration, sterilized with microbial filters .Tricin purified showed higher efficiency then the aqueous extract HAE against growth of gram-positive and negative bacteria. The highest significant inhibition activity of purified Tricin compound was at P≤0.05 effect against B. subtilis , B. cereus and S. aureus with inhibitory diameter of 29, 27.5 and 27.5 mm respectively. White the aqueous extract HAE had loupe effectiveness than it against the same bacteria with a diameter of inhibition7,8.5 and 10.5 mm respectively After incubation at 37°C for 24 h, the last reading was the highest inhibition activity of the extract HAE. As for the results of the susceptibility of tricin as an antiseptic towards Gram-negative bacteria S. typhi and Gram-positive S. aureus compared to phenol using several dilutions of each, high dilutions had a clear inhibition in the growth of S. aureus and S. typhi bacterial isolates, especially when compared with phenol when The higher dilution (1:100) showed bacterial growth, while we did not find growth for these isolates at the same dilution coefficient of tricin for periods (5, 10, and 15) min After incubation at 37°C for 48 h. S. typhi was less sensitive than S. aureus towards phenol and tricin.

Lyophilized bromelain enzyme was obtained from the Department of Food Sciences, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad.
Some properties of the enzyme were determined, the optimum temperature and pH for activity and stability, as it used a range of graduated temperatures from 25 °C to 85 °C, as well as a range of pH degrees from 4 to 9. The results showed that the best pH for activity was 7, as it reached the enzymatic activity was 42.3 units/ml, and the best pH range for stability was 7-5. The best temperature for the activity was 45°C, as the enzymatic activity reached 59.3 units/ml, and the enzyme retained its full activity after being incubated at a temperature of 25 - 45 °C.
The anti-browning enzyme activity was tested by using apple juice by adding graded concentrations of the enzyme of 15, 30, 45, and 60 mg/ml of bromelain enzyme. It was found that bromelain has the ability to reduce the amount of enzymatic browning, as the absorbance reached 0.987, 0.973, 0.891, 0.831, and 0.817 at zero time, and after 30 minutes the absorbance reached 1.315, 1.243, 1.132, 1.124, and 1.113, but after 60 minutes, the absorbance reached 1.412 And 1.312, 1.192, 1.133, and 1.124, and after 90 minutes it reached 1.623, 1.378, 1.211, 1.157, and 1.135, to reach after 120 minutes to 1.858, 1.416, 1.243, 1.182, 1.182, and 1.14 for the control treatment, the first treatment (15 mg enzyme/ml), the second treatment (30 mg enzyme/ml), the third treatment (45 mg enzyme/ml) and the fourth treatment (60 mg enzyme/ml), respectively.
The ability of the bromelain enzyme to inhibit the growth of some types of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria was studied, with an antibacterial effect, as the diameters of the inhibition zones were 4.91, 6.55, 12.85, and 2.8 mm for Staphylococcus aureus, B. cereus, E. coli, and Salmonella, respectively, when using the concentration of 15 mg/ml of bromelain enzyme, but when using 30 mg/ml, the diameters of the inhibition zones were 7.05, 8.5, 13.85, and 6.85 mm, respectively.