Iraqi Journal of Market Research and Consumer Protection

The present century has witnessed the development of green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and its wide application in the medical field. The green synthesis method is the most stable, highly effective and easy to prepare method for producing AgNPs. Figs, olives and moringa trees are grown in Iraq and have been mentioned in the Holy Qur’an several times and their benefits, as well as the proof of intensive scientific studies of the benefits of figs, olives and moringa, whether their leaves or fruits against microbes, oxidation, cancer and various therapeutic applications. Accordingly, the study aimed to examine the plant composition of leaves (fig, olive and moringa) and the possibility of forming AgNPs nanoparticles against the activity of cancer cells. The surface properties of AgNPs were confirmed and described by UV-Vis, XRD, SEM, TEM, AFM and FTIR spectrophotometry. And also FESEM, TEM technique was used to find the average size and the morphological shape of AgNPs. And the TEM results showed the average size of the nanoparticles of the plant synthesis of fig, olive and moringa (FOM) between 44.08-71.57 nm. Also, the ability of FOM mixture extract with silver nanoparticles to inhibit a type of FCM 7 cancer cell lines was studied. The results of the study showed the significant presence of the biological active components of the plant synthesis. Also, the ability of FOM mixture extract with silver nanoparticles to inhibit a type of FCM 7 cancer cell lines was studied. The results of the study showed the significant presence of the biological active components of the plant synthesis. Nanomaterials of synthetic nanoparticles have also demonstrated the size and shape of the nanoparticles and the presence of reactive chemical bonding sites. The study also proved that using concentrations higher than 50 µg/mL that there is a possibility to kill and inhibit the growth of cancer cells of type FCM 7 in later study.

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the effect of packaging characteristics on consumer evaluation of food products. The questionnaire form prepared for this purpose included 20 questions for 149 consumers in Baghdad, regarding consumer awareness of the importance of packaging design, the impact of packaging materials from which the packaging is made, product characteristics, the influence of the brand and the country of origin on the consumer's purchasing decision, the results of questionnaire analyzed using percentages, weighted arithmetic mean and percentile weight, the results showed that the packaging characteristics of food products was effect on the purchasing decision for Iraqi consumer.

The current study aimed to estimate the concentrations of each of the metallic elements lead (Pb), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd) using the atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS) technique, and the residues of some mycotoxins using the High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) In samples of fresh, local and frozen chicken livers imported from different origins, which are sold in the local markets of Baghdad, the lead level ranged between (0.1470- 0.3768) μg/g, fresh weight of liver for local and Brazilian, respectively, and for the copper element (0.5032 - 1.8351( μg/g for the local and Brazilian, respectively, and the level of zinc ranged between (3.2890-4.1016) μg/g for the Brazilian and local, respectively, and the level of cadmium was (0.0031-0.1230) μg / g for the Brazilian and local liver, respectively, While the results showed the levels of mycotoxin residues (AFB1: Aflatoxin B1, AFB2: Aflatoxin B2, AFG1: Aflatoxin G1, AFG2: Aflatoxin G2) for liver samples under local study (1.35, 1.86, 1.02 and 0.91) μg/kg, respectively, for AFB1 toxins., AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2, and they reached (1.53, 1.35, 1.10 and 0.83) μg/kg in the Turkish liver, respectively, while in the Brazilian it showed (1.73, 1.62, 1.22 and 0.97) μg/kg.

The primary cause of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is autoantibodies to self-antigens. Interleukin 37 (IL-37) and Interleukin 40 (IL-40) are important cytokines which may play a role in regulating inflammation and involved in pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases like SLE. This study was aimed the interleukin levels (IL-37 and IL-40) during systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) development in Iraqi female patients. The present study was conducted on 100 female SLE patients and 100 healthy female controls, with mean ages of patients and controls )32.85 ± 0.99 and 32.05 ± 0.91)years, respectively. Erythrocytes Sedimentation Rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were investigated in this study. Enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay(ELISA) kits examined levels of interleukins in the serum of patients and healthy controls. The results found that IL-37 levels in SLE patients were lower than in controls(23.39 ±0.92ng/mL vs48.02 ±0.46ng/mL), respectively, with a statistically significant. While serum IL-40 levels appeared to have a higher significant in patients compared with the healthy control (9.98 ±0.32ng/mL vs4.16 ±0.05ng/mL) respectively. Also, ESR and CRP was high significant in patients compared with healthy controls. In conclusion, these findings suggest that IL-40 and IL-37 could be used as a biomarker for SLE.

Due to the need for controlling and regulating of feed pellet. Pellet that is imported or locally manufactured is accompanied by cracking and crumbling percentage that occur during transporting and distributing to animals, using conveyors and mechanical feeders. This study aimed to determine the effect of particle size and die holes diameter in the machine on broiler feed pellets quality in pellet durability, pellet direct measurement, pellet expansion, and pellet length. Three particle size 2, 4, and 6 mm, and three diameters of die holes in the machine 3, 4, and 5 mm, have been used. The results showed that changing the particle size from 2 to 4 then to 6 mm led to a significant decrease in pellet durability and pellet lengths, pellet expansion was increased, whereas it did not significantly effect on pellet direct measurement. Increasing the die holes diameter from 3 to 4 to 5 mm led to a significant decrease in pellet durability, pellet direct measurement and pellet lengths, increased pellet expansion. The particle size of the diet 2 mm and die holes diameter of 3 mm recorded the highest pellet durability at 93.40%, pellet direct measurement at 95.12%, pellet lengths at 86.96%, and less pellet expansion at 0.88%. The minimum particle size and die holes diameter gave the highest pellet durability, pellet direct measurement, pellet lengths, and lowest pellet expansion with all the considered indicators.

The current research aims to identify the problems facing fodder crop farmers in the side of Rusafa/ Baghdad Governorate, where the research community included all the agricultural divisions of the Directorate of Agriculture in Baghdad Governorate/ Rusafa and the number (5) agricultural divisions and a have withdrawn a random sample of them at a rate of 50% and it was (3) agricultural divisions , and a random stratified sample was selected proportional from the farmers of fodder crops by 40% of each agricultural division and their total became (145) farmers, and research data was collected using a questionnaire that included 35 paragraph distributed in two fields and the first field included five axes, and the data was analyzed using the statistical analysis program spss, as well as the use of manual analysis using the Vakronbach coefficient, the weighted mean, the hypothetical mean and weight percentile, and the results of the research showed that the problems facing Fodder Crop farmers are many and varied, as the problems associated with the environment came in the beginning in terms of importance with a weighted mean (3.61) degrees and a weight percentile (90.25) degrees, then followed by problems Associated with the cultivation and service of the crop with a weighted mean (3.48) degrees and a weight percentile (87) degrees, and We conclude from this agreement and approval of all respondents on the fields, axes and paragraphs of the questionnaire, and the researcher has recommended the need for more efforts by the extension institutions And the relevant authorities to prepare and implement programs that include activities and practices such as extension seminars and training courses, and work on communication and exchange of visits and attention to modern means of communication in a way that contributes to addressing the problems facing farmers in the field of cultivation and productivity of fodder crops and ways to address them and find solutions, and provide and provide the necessary support to farmers by the Ministry of Agriculture and the relevant authorities represented by production requirements.

The study was conducted to control cobweb disease caused by Cladobotryum dendroides and green mold disease caused by Trichoderma aggressivum, which infect the white fungus Agaricus bisporus crop. The laboratory results on the pathogenicity of the two pathogenic fungi showed their ability to cause infection in the white fungus and the emergence of symptoms. The addition of garlic and neem extracts, separately, at three concentrations (0.25, 0.5, and 1%) to the media, potato dextrose agar (PDA), led to a significant decrease in the percentage of inhibition of pathogenic fungi C. dendroides and T. aggressivum. The highest inhibition rates obtained when using garlic extract at a concentration of 1% against the two pathogenic fungi amounted to 62.93 and 74.97%, respectively, while the name extract recorded the highest inhibition rate at the same concentration, reaching 43.47 and 32.37%, respectively. Also, when testing the extracts in the traditional cultivation of white fungus, it was noted that the garlic extract at a concentration of 1% was significantly superior in controlling infection, and no symptoms appeared when using it, the use of plant extracts at different concentrations did not record a significant difference in the period required for the emergence of fungal pins compared to the control treatment without a pathogen, the highest amount of white fungus production was 1000 g/bag when using garlic extract at a concentration of 0.5% in the presence of the pathogen C. dendroides, while the highest amount of production was 1355.0 g/bag when using neem extract at a concentration of 0.25% when infected with the pathogen T. aggressivum.

The body's energy metabolism can be significantly affected by thyroid diseases, making them a prime concern for medical professionals. Despite this, traditional lipid profile tests are still commonly used by physicians to diagnose these conditions. The aim of the current study is to assess the efficacy of several atherogenic indices in predicting the risk of cardiovascular disease among patients with thyroid dysfunction, including the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), Castelli's risk index I and II (CRI-I and II), the atherogenic coefficient (AC), and the cholesterol index (CHOL index).Methods: A100 woman was involved in this study which diagnosed with thyroid dysfunction, and their thyroid hormone levels were used to divide them equally into two groups: Hyperthyroidism patients (n=50) with aged 18-60 years old and Hypothyroidism with patients (n=50) with aged 18-75 years old. Additionally, 30 healthy women between the ages of 18 and 70 were included as a control group. To collect data, demographic and clinical measurements were taken, including body mass index (BMI), age, weight, lipid profile and atherogenic indices such as AIP, CRI-I, CRI-II, AC, and CHOL index. Thyroid hormone levels (TSH, T3 and T4, freeT3, freeT4) were also recorded for all participants. Results: The calculated atherogenic indices of the patients and controls revealed the presence of significant increase (P<0.05) in these indices in both thyroidism patients groups when compared with that of control group. Conclusions: These results suggest that patients with thyroidism are at high risk to cardiovascular diseases and the regular monitor for dyslipidemia is very important in order to start an early treatment and advise them for changing their life style.

The inhibitory effect of the hot aqueous extract of commercial jasmine rice bran (HAE) and the purified tricin compound on the growth of some food-borne pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli, E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Shigella spp, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus and Bacillus subtilis) and compared with phenol coefficient using several dilutions of water: purified tricin (70:1, 90:1, 1:100, 1:120 and 1:150). and water: purified tricin (70:1, 90:1 and 1:100),at the same concentration, sterilized with microbial filters .Tricin purified showed higher efficiency then the aqueous extract HAE against growth of gram-positive and negative bacteria. The highest significant inhibition activity of purified Tricin compound was at P≤0.05 effect against B. subtilis , B. cereus and S. aureus with inhibitory diameter of 29, 27.5 and 27.5 mm respectively. White the aqueous extract HAE had loupe effectiveness than it against the same bacteria with a diameter of inhibition7,8.5 and 10.5 mm respectively After incubation at 37°C for 24 h, the last reading was the highest inhibition activity of the extract HAE. As for the results of the susceptibility of tricin as an antiseptic towards Gram-negative bacteria S. typhi and Gram-positive S. aureus compared to phenol using several dilutions of each, high dilutions had a clear inhibition in the growth of S. aureus and S. typhi bacterial isolates, especially when compared with phenol when The higher dilution (1:100) showed bacterial growth, while we did not find growth for these isolates at the same dilution coefficient of tricin for periods (5, 10, and 15) min After incubation at 37°C for 48 h. S. typhi was less sensitive than S. aureus towards phenol and tricin.

Lyophilized bromelain enzyme was obtained from the Department of Food Sciences, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad.
Some properties of the enzyme were determined, the optimum temperature and pH for activity and stability, as it used a range of graduated temperatures from 25 °C to 85 °C, as well as a range of pH degrees from 4 to 9. The results showed that the best pH for activity was 7, as it reached the enzymatic activity was 42.3 units/ml, and the best pH range for stability was 7-5. The best temperature for the activity was 45°C, as the enzymatic activity reached 59.3 units/ml, and the enzyme retained its full activity after being incubated at a temperature of 25 - 45 °C.
The anti-browning enzyme activity was tested by using apple juice by adding graded concentrations of the enzyme of 15, 30, 45, and 60 mg/ml of bromelain enzyme. It was found that bromelain has the ability to reduce the amount of enzymatic browning, as the absorbance reached 0.987, 0.973, 0.891, 0.831, and 0.817 at zero time, and after 30 minutes the absorbance reached 1.315, 1.243, 1.132, 1.124, and 1.113, but after 60 minutes, the absorbance reached 1.412 And 1.312, 1.192, 1.133, and 1.124, and after 90 minutes it reached 1.623, 1.378, 1.211, 1.157, and 1.135, to reach after 120 minutes to 1.858, 1.416, 1.243, 1.182, 1.182, and 1.14 for the control treatment, the first treatment (15 mg enzyme/ml), the second treatment (30 mg enzyme/ml), the third treatment (45 mg enzyme/ml) and the fourth treatment (60 mg enzyme/ml), respectively.
The ability of the bromelain enzyme to inhibit the growth of some types of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria was studied, with an antibacterial effect, as the diameters of the inhibition zones were 4.91, 6.55, 12.85, and 2.8 mm for Staphylococcus aureus, B. cereus, E. coli, and Salmonella, respectively, when using the concentration of 15 mg/ml of bromelain enzyme, but when using 30 mg/ml, the diameters of the inhibition zones were 7.05, 8.5, 13.85, and 6.85 mm, respectively.

The research was conducted in the Iraqi Equestrian Club (15 km west of Baghdad city center) for the period from 10/1/2021 to 11/30/2022, with the aim of revealing the ACTN3 gene/ EXON-19 region polymorphism and its relationship to the performance of Thoroughbred horses. British in Iraq. It was found that there are 3 variants (3 SNPs) in the ACTN3 gene with respect to exon 19 and in different sites , which are rs1143578253, their polymorphism are TT, TA, and AA and their distribution ratios were 15.38, 56.41 and 28.21%, and that the non-significant difference, and the frequency of the allele was 0.44 and 0.56 for the two alleles C and T, respectively, and the heterogeneity rs1141508235. It appeared that there were two genotypes of the studied piece in the ACTN3/ EXON19 gene in the thoroughbred horses, CC and CT genotype, with the absence of the TT structure, and the highly significant differences (P≤0.01) between the distribution ratios of the combinations in the British thoroughbred, as the two ratios were 87.18 and 12.82% for the two genotypes CC and TC, and the allelic frequencies for the C and T alleles were 0.94 and 0.06, respectively. The distribution percentages of ACTN3/EXON19 gene polymorphism at position rs1146645613/SNP for the horse sample in this study had high significant differences (P≤0.01) between the genotype's distribution percentages in the British thoroughbred, and the percentages were 87.18 and 12.82% for the two genotypes TT and TC, and the mutant structure did not appear. CC and the frequencies for the T and C alleles were 0.94 and 0.06, respectively. There was a significant variation (P≤0.05) in the depth of respiration after exercise according to the different polymorphism of the rs1143578253 hetero, and the highest rate was for the TT combination (84.80 ± 5.13 seconds) as well as the number of respiration times after exercise, but for the hybrid genotype TA (59.16 ± 1.81 times/min), there was There was a highly significant variation (P≤0.01) in the rate of speed according to the genotype of the thoroughbred horses, and the highest rate of speed was for horses with the mutant genotype AA and the lowest for their counterparts with the wild genotype TT. It is concluded from the study that the ACTN3 gene has a distinct role in some of the traits studied on British terrier horses in Iraq, especially the number and depth of respiration after exercise, rate of speed, and some body measurements, specifically body length, chest circumference, and frontal height, as it varied significantly with the difference in the polymorphism of some variations.

In order to evaluate the performance of double-cross maize hybrids in planting dates suitable for fall growing season in the middle region of Iraq, a field experiment was conducted at the fields of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad - Jadriya for the fall season of 2022 using double-cross maize hybrids selected from fifteen double cross hybrid maize resulted from crossing ten single hybrids resulting from crossing five inbred lines using the half-diallel method. These included Hybrid 1 = (1×4)(3×5) from the crossing of (ZM49W3E x CDCNS) (ZM43WIZE x ZM19), Hybrid 2 = (1×2)(3×5) from the crossing of (ZM49W3E × CDCN5) (ZM43WIZE x ZM60), Hybrid 3 = (1×5)(2×4) from the crossing of (ZM60 × ZM19) (ZM43WIZE ×CDN5), Hybrid 4 = (1×2)(4×5) from the crossing of (ZM19 × CDCN5) (ZM43WIZE ×ZM60), and Hybrid 5 = (1×4)(2×3) from the crossing of (ZM60 × ZM49W3E) (ZM43WIZE × ZM19), and their comparison with the synthetic variety IPA5018, and testing them under three planting dates: July 1st, July 15th, and August 1st.
The experiment used a randomized complete block design with four replications arranged in a split-plot design. The main plots included the three planting dates, while the subplots included the five double-cross maize hybrids and the control variety. Yield and yield components were studied. The results of the experiment showed high significant effects for the third planting date for all traits except for the number of ears per plant, where the third planting date was superior in the number of grains per ears 660.4, weight of 100 grains 37.83 g , days to physiological maturity 99.67 days, crop growth rate 5.644 g plant-1 day-1, and yield per unit area 14.95 ton ha-1. The superiority of the hybrid (1×2)(3×5) in the number of grains ear-1 and the weight of 100 grains was 542.3 and 36.37, respectively., and this was reflected on the yield per unit area, which reached 11.69 ton ha-1, while hybrid (1×2) (3×5) outperformed in number of ears per plant 1.400 and the same hybrid was the earliest to reach physiological maturity at 97.50 days. The response of the double-cross maize hybrids varied with different planting dates and gave significant interaction for all studied traits except for the number of ears per plant.

The research aims to diagnose the problems that facing wheat farmers who profit or benefit from the awareness program supporting the wheat crop in the Salah Aldeen Governorate. To achieve this, the research has conducted using the descriptive approach on a random sample consisting of (122) farmers who are benefiting from the awareness program supporting in Salah Aldeen governorate. The informants (farmers) are selected randomly from four agricultural divisions or districts which are: (Tikrit, Samarra, Al-Ishaqi, and Balad), and the data selection is carried out through a questionnaire. Then the appropriate statistical methods are used to achieve the goal of the research. The results have shown the multiplicity and diversity of problems facing wheat farmers, as well as the different levels of impact of these problems, which have prevented farmers from achieving highest effectiveness and efficiency in the agricultural production process from the beginning of wheat cultivation until harvesting and marketing the product. Therefore, it is necessary to raise the level of knowledge, skills and experience of wheat farmers in the field of their agricultural work, in addition to treat and solve all the priority problems which have revealed by the research, through achieving the highest levels of cooperation, coordination and hard and dedicate work among all relevant parties to provide a favorable, peaceful and integrated environment to ensure the success of the process of cultivation, harvesting and marketing of the final product, and ensuring the continuation of this in the future.

The research study included the investigation of microbial contamination of ice cream samples that packed automatically in specialized factories, both local and imported available in the markets of Baghdad City, a number of 10 samples were taken from of July to August 2022, which is the peak season of its production, using the laboratory method used in microbial examinations comparing it with one of the modern technologies represented by the BacTrac 4300 technology, the study showed that there is a convergence in the results of the two methods used, as the total number of aerobic bacteria Total plate count, Total Colifrom bacteria, and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria are higher than the permissible limits in Iraqi standard specification for dairy and grafted ice cream No. (702) for the year 1984. While the study samples were devoid of Salmonella spp. bacteria.

This study aimed to collect 20 samples of strawberry fruits imported from Turkey and Egypt, with ten samples for each of them, which are distributed in the local markets of the city of Baghdad, during the period from October 2022 to November of the same year. The results of conventional tests showed that the samples contained Botrytis spp. With a number of fifteen, and to confirm the return of these isolates to the fungus Botrytis cinerea specifically, the PCR technique was used as this technique showed obtaining 8 isolates out of 15, most of which belong to strawberry samples of Egyptian origin, in one package with a molecular weight of 700 bp when migrated on the agarose gel. This means that molecular diagnosis is superior to traditional methods, despite its importance as primary diagnostic methods.

This study was aimed to investigate response of two sweet corn hybrids to bacterial biofertilizers and spraying with Mg+2 and Ca+2 and their impact on the Yield during Spring season 2022, CASH seeds (H1) and ROI SOLEIL seeds (H2) were planted in pots, when they reached 2-3 leaves treated with four treatments which included without biofertilizer (B0), with Azospirillum brasilense (B1) with Pseudomonas fluorescens (B2) and the interaction with Azospirillum brasilense and Pseudomonas fluorescens (B3) then transferrd to the field, and sprayed the seedling after 20 and 30 days of seedling with three concentrations which included control, without spraying (N0), spraying with Mg++ and Ca++ with concentration of 25 mg L-1 (N1) and 50 mg L-1 each elements (N2), The experiment was carried out according to RCBD with in split plot arrangement. The results showed that hybrid H2, the treatment of bacterial biofertilizers B3 and the foliar spraying of Magnesium and Calcium N2 had significant effect in all studied traits. H2B3N1 had significant effect in plant height and the number of leaves, H2B3N2 had significant effect in leaf area and leaf area index and plant dry weight, H2B1N2 had significant effect in total chlorophyll concentration in leaves, It was found that the study factors and their interactions had a role in increasing the vegetative growth indicators of the sweet corn hybrids.

The aim of the research is to add kappa-carrageenan to pectin sweets instead of pectin and to know its effect on the physicochemical and biological properties, Contains pectin sweets of pectin represents the control treatment T1, while T2 50% of the pectin was replaced kappa-carrageenan and T3 have a total replacement of pectin with kappa-carrageenan and compare the results with the control treatment, The chemical composition of Zuhdi dates were 70.28%, 59.20%, 18.28%, 2.68%, 2.57%, and 0.47% for each of the total sugars, reducing sugars, protein, fats, ash and moisture (respectively).we did not notice significant differences in the pectin sweet manufactured for the treatments T1, T2, and T3 for total sugars 60.75%, 60.05%, 59.12%, protein (0.63, 0.52, 0.35 %, fat 0.37%, 0.36%, 0.38%, total ash 1.51%, 1.58%, 1.66%, pH (4.06, 4.14, 4.16) and total acidity amounted to 1.21%, 1.18%, 1.15% for dissolved solids 56%, 66%, 69% and the refractive index (1.4572 , 1.4570, 1.4576), there are significant differences T1, T2, and T3 for density with T3 superiority 1.333 g/ cm3 compared to T1 and T2 amounted to (1.293,1.325) g/ cm3, and also the viscosity was superior to T3 reached 5831 cp compared to T1 andT2 amounted to (5388,5440) cp as well as the turbidity reached the highest value of T3 (180) NTU compared to T1 and T2 It amounted to (160, 165) NTU, while the electrical conductivity was better for T3 treatment, which amounted to 1160 μs/ cm compared to T1 and T2 (680,980) μs/ cm. Sensory tests showed that there were significant differences for the pectin sweet in terms of taste, texture and general acceptance, while there were no significant differences in the values of appearance and color, and there was no growth of microorganisms (bacteria, fungi) in the pectin sweet.

This study aimed to prepare edible films based on polysaccharides and whey proteins. Seven formulations were prepared from dextran, xanthan, and carrageenan with whey proteins, glycerol, and black seed oil. The mechanical and barrier properties were studied for edible films like thickness, tensile strength, elongation, and water vapor permeability. The use of equal concentrations of polysaccharides (2gr) with the presence of whey proteins (1gr) and glycerol as plasticizers gave the best elongation at the break of the film (178%) and water vapor permeability the highest value(5.7g.mm/m2.h.kPa). Film Thickness was 56µm and Tensile 28MPa.This edible film was the best among the other formulation used in molasses medium.

Biopolymers and their derivatives have a wide range applications due to their biodegradability, low toxicity, and biocompatibility. The current study aimed to develop and characterize the unique Schiff ,s chitosan bases by conjugation the chitosan with different aldehydes under acidic conditions to form Schiff ,s chitosan bases which reacted with a plant extract derivative (capsaicin) to get new Schiff ,s derivatives. The resulting compounds were diagnosed by using fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), as well as nuclear magnetic resonance(1H-NMR). The biological activity of the new derivatives was studied to know its importance and its applications in the medical fields, where the antibacterial activity of positive-gram bacteria, negative- gram bacteria and fungi was tested. The results showed an increase of the substituted chitosan antibacterial activity against both positive-gram and negative- gram bacteria due to its high capsaicin content, which is highly effective against bacteria and fungi.

Together with a new series of imidazoles [2,1-b]benzthiazoles connected with various heterocyclic scaffolds, a novel Mannich base link with the drug Cefixime was also developed. In order to create the isoxazole ring, a Mannich base with a terminal methyl group was condensed with various substituted aromatic aldehydes, resulting in new chalcones. These chalcones were then brought closer together with hydroxylamine hydrochloride to produce new isoxazole derivatives. All compounds were identified by the spectra of carbon-13 (C13) nuclear magnetic resonance, proton nuclear magnetic resonance, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The effectiveness of certain novel compounds as anticorrosion agents was demonstrated by others.

A field experiment was conducted for autumn season 2021-2022 in the fields of the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, Al-Jadriya Campus, Station A- To study the effect of cultivars (Red, Dark Red, and Cylindra), organic fertilizer, vermicompost, and cow manure, as well as control treatment (soil only), and spraying with silicon and calcium elements and distilled water (control) on the growth, yield, and quality of beetroot plant Within a completely randomized block design as a split plot experiment, where the cultivars were counted as the main factor, organic fertilizer, and foliar spray as the secondary factor, with three replicates, the number of treatments was 27, and the averages were compared according to the least significant difference L.S.D at the level of probability 5% for each cultivar, and the results were as follows:
There is a significant effect of the triple interaction between cultivars, culture medium and foliar spraying on the percentages of the elements N, P, K, and Ca as well as the concentration of Si in the leaves of the beetroot plant, as it was noted that the treatments V2×F1×S2, V2×F2×S2, and V3×F1×S2 gave them the highest percentage of nitrogen in leaves amounted to 3.50%,The triple interaction treatment V2×F1×S2 was significantly excelled in the percentage of phosphorus and potassium in the leaves by giving it (0.43%, 4.69%) respectively, while the treatment V2×F2×S2 was significantly excelled by giving it the highest percentage of calcium in the leaves, amounting to 2.17%.The results also indicated that the two treatments V2×F1×S2 and V3×F1×S2 were excelled in the concentration of silicon in the leaves by giving them 0.00739 ppm. the triple interaction treatment the cultivar Cylindra and Vermicompost medium with silicone spray V3×F1×S2 Significantly excelled gave it the highest leaf yield of 67.50 tons ha-1, While the treatment V2×F1×S2 excelled in (root yield, percentage of total soluble solids, percentage of sugars and percentage of phenols) given (74.49 ton ha-1, 11.66%, 948.7% and 0.18%), respectively.

A field experiment was conducted in one of the fields of the Technical Institute in Shatrha for the spring season 2022 to study the effect forward speeds (2.50, 3.18 ,3.60 km. hr-1), and two levels of conveyor speeds (43, 49) m. min-1 and two level of type of chain conveyor of rubber bars and clothes -coated in possibility of reducing the quantitative and qualitative losses by using the potato digger. quantitative loss, qualitative losses, and field efficiency were studied in this research. The randomized complete block design with three replications was used in the research. The results showed that the tractor speed 2.50 km.hr-1 in gets the quantitative losses which amounted to1.40 %, and the qualitative losses amounted to 11.1%, and the tractor speed 3.60 km. hr-1 gets the heights Field efficiency amounted to 84.80%.

The herbs have a huge role in development of pharmacology besides the role of veterinary medicine in development of human medicine The study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of pomegranate peel and leaves of both thuja and tobacco in 5 cows, 15 sheep and 15 goats were brought to veterinary clinics on the outskirts of Baghdad suffering from health problems in the skin, upper respiratory tract and digestive system. Cases were treated topically or orally as a powder, aqueous solution, or ointment. The results showed that 66% of cases were cured. The cure rate was related to the severity of the infection or lesion, course of treatment, routes of administration and herbal formula. Also, the results did not show any side effects of the herbal during the treatment period. Pour- on using of tobacco leaf infusion for lice-infected goats gave a better result than in sheep. The thuja and peels of pomegranate have proven to healing as an ointment for wounds, sores and blisters. Also, the aqueous solution or powder of thuja and peel of pomegranate have proven effective in reducing symptoms in the digestive system and upper respiratory disorders. Both ointments of thuja and pomegranate gave acceptable results for the treatment of warts (papilloma). Therefore, the farmer can use these herbs in emergencies. Recommendation is conducting more clinical veterinary studies on pomegranate, thuja, and tobacco leaves and their medicinal propriety. Thus, the field of veterinary medicine is the best field for reviving biopharmaceutical research and comparative medicine.

A field experiment was conducted to design, implement, and test the effect of blade angle represented by cutting angle and foreword speed on the performance of a MURRAY-15.5hp lawn mower machine. Three types of blades with cutting angles of 20o, 25o, and a straight angle were used, as well as three forward speeds of 2.99, 4.32, and 5.60 km h-1. The slippage percentage, field productivity, material quantity and total costs were studied. The results indicated the following: decreasing the cutting angle from 25o to 20o and then to a straight angle considerably decreases the slippage percentage and a significant decrease in total costs .Also, a significant increase in the field and Material productivity. Increasing the foreword speed resulted in a significant increase in the slippage percentage and a significant increase in in the field and material productivity, and decrease in the total costs. The interaction between the straight blade type and the forward speed 2.99 km h-1 led to the lowest slippage at 8.34%, while the interaction between the straight blade type and forward speed 5.60 km h-1 resulted in the lowest total costs amounted to 12036 dinars*hectare-1 and the highest field productivity 0.360 ha h-1 while the highest material productivity was 121.25 kg h-1.

About 50% of the secondary plant waste generated during the industrial production of fruits and vegetables is wasted, which negatively affects the environment and costs a lot of money. The secondary plant waste is a rich source of nutrients that support human health and protect it from many diseases (obesity and heart disease). It is also a source of dietary fiber and phenols, which are antioxidants that can be separated from wheat bran, corn bran, rice, fruit and vegetable seeds. which were introduced in the manufacture of baked products. Many studies of baked products fortified with vegetable by-products showed an improvement in the quality characteristics in addition to an increase in their nutritional value. Therefore, the aim of this article was to highlight the importance of exploiting plant residues and using them in baked products as a sustainable way to increase their nutritional value and obtain cheap products.