Damo Journal of Sports Sciences

The research aims to identify the level of design thinking among students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Maysan. The researcher used the descriptive approach with the survey method to suit the nature of the study. The research community included fourth-stage students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Maysan for the academic year (2023\2024). The size of the basic sample was (120) male and female students. The researcher built a scale for design thinking for students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences. One of the most important results of the research was that fourth-stage students enjoy an average level in the design thinking skill for the scale as a whole, and they have the ability to identify the problem, invent the problem, test and experiment and develop ideas, as well as understanding and coexistence. The researcher attributes these results to the result of the theoretical and applied scientific experiences they acquired throughout the four academic years, which made them have the ability to solve problems and how to deal with situations and face challenges and have the ability to think in design through planning, creativity and thinking outside the box.

The importance of this study lies in preparing faculty members for digitization and technological competence and the ability to teach using technological components to help enrich the teaching process in teaching and learning for physical education curricula: The study aims to bring the college to modern digitization and the use of digital transformations in the teaching process, and to seek technological development in the use of applications and technology programs and to help develop and improve the educational process in the subject of physical education and sports sciences and the ability to use these programs in teaching basic and educational skills such as (football, handball, basketball, volleyball) and the ability to support those curricula, Conclusions: It seems that the digital competence method represented by pre- and post-measurements leads to improved performance in some sports skills compared to the traditional method. Effect sizes suggest that this improvement may be small to moderate. Further investigation with a larger sample size could strengthen these findings. Recommendations: Future research could explore which specific aspects of the digital competence method (e.g., specific apps and platforms) contribute most to improved performance. Investigating the long-term retention of skills acquired through the digital competence method would be valuable. Examining motivational factors could provide further insight into the impact of the digital competence method on student learning.

The study aimed to identify the correlation between talent management and its relationship to job performance of employees of the Iraqi Ministry of Youth and Sports. The human field was: It was determined from all employees of the Iraqi Ministry of Youth and Sports. The researcher determined the research community through a comprehensive census of the entire community of workers in the directorates of the Iraqi Ministry of Youth and Sports for the ten directorates (300) of workers, where the researcher determined the percentage (100%) by taking the research community as a whole (300). The conclusions were: Through the preparation of two scales (talent management) consisting of (9) phrases and (job performance) which consists of (14) phrases. There is a strong personality for the academic decision-makers, directorates' directorates, as they have a high spirit of accepting the problems facing workers (employees), and the academic decision-maker, faculty members, has the ability to encourage workers to participate in conferences and scientific products of the Iraqi Ministry of Youth and Sports Directorate. Academic decision makers have sufficient functional and administrative experience to address the problems of evaluating employees in the directorate.

The research aims to identify the strategy of guided imagination in creative thinking and learning the skill of the front handspring jump on the floor movements mat for artistic gymnastics students and to identify the preference for the control and experimental groups, as the experimental method was used due to its suitability to the nature of the research. The experiment was conducted on third-year students in the Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, College of Basic Education, University of Diyala for the academic year (2024-2023) and on a sample of 20 students. The sample was divided into two groups randomly (A, B), where the control group consisted of 10 students and the experimental group consisted of 10 students. Each group followed its own context and method, as the followed and experimental method took a period of (8 weeks) at a rate of one educational unit per week. The following conclusions were reached: - The strategy of guided imagination in creative thinking had a motivating and effective impact on learning the skill of hand jumping on the floor movement mat device. - The organized presentation of pictures and clips specific to the skill is positive for the complete perception of the skill's performance before implementing it.

The availability of advanced and modern devices helped athletes to improve their performance continuously. Accordingly, the importance of the research lies in developing the speed of motor response by manufacturing an electronic laser device that works with remote control technology. The speed of motor response has an important role in performing skills because it is one of the important physical abilities for many sports. Some of the kinematic variables affecting the performance of the forehand stroke in tennis were also studied, as motor analysis has a significant and direct impact on evaluating the motor path of sports movements, which in turn leads to the sports movement reaching a level of performance.
The research problem is what determines the type of approach chosen by the researcher to reach the required results, so the researchers used the experimental approach (with a single-group design) with pre- and post-tests to suit the nature of the research and its problem.
The objectives of the research were to design an innovative electronic device with remote control to develop the speed of movement response and identify the values of some kinematic variables of the forehand stroke in tennis.
The researchers concluded that the innovative device helped develop the speed of movement response and that the research sample achieved remarkable progress in the values of this characteristic as well as the values of some kinematic variables under study.
The researchers recommended the need to use modern devices in training, including the device for developing the speed of movement response, especially in games that require this characteristic, as well as the need to pay attention to using movement analysis to know the level achieved by players during the training period and apply the correct biomechanical conditions while performing the forehand stroke skill in tennis.

:The research aims to identify the effect of harmonic exercises in developing some offensive skills in basketball for the University of Technology team. It also addressed basketball, which must have high levels in terms of training, including some offensive skills that require development through harmonic exercises, where the experimental approach was used. With the control and experimental groups, the control group followed the traditional exercises, while the experimental group used harmonious exercises with the ball and without the ball, as well as exercises for offensive skills. The study took place over a period of (6) weeks and after processing the pre- and post-test results for the two groups (control and experimental), where the results of the research showed an improvement. It is clear for some offensive skills, and this is what the researcher attributes to the importance of using combinatorial exercises to develop these skills.

The study aimed to identify the degree of mental fitness and physical fitness and the relationship between them, and to achieve this goal, the researchers used the descriptive approach using the method of associative relationships on a sample of 50 first-stage students at the College of physical education and Sports Sciences / University of Urok. they used the mental fitness scale prepared by (Saheb 2016) and modified by (Mohebeddin 2019), which consists of (97) paragraphs divided into (10) Subscale, they also used the International shuttle Run test to measure physical fitness the appropriate statistical results showed that the students have mental fitness and it was also found that there is a relationship In light of the results, the researchers recommended the need to pay attention to mental fitness as it is an important and effective ability for students to help them overcome various life circumstances .

Identifying the level of administrative control methods from the point of view of the administrative, training and arbitration staff of the sub-sports federations of basketball in Iraq, building a scale of administrative control methods from the point of view of the administrative, training and arbitration staff of the sub-sports federations of basketball in Iraq.
The researchers used the descriptive approach in two ways, survey and correlation, for their suitability and the nature of the current study. The research community included members of the administrative, training and arbitration staffs of the Iraqi basketball sub-federations, numbering (283) members, while the research sample represented (178) members of the administrative, training and arbitration staffs of the Iraqi basketball sub-federations, the final application sample numbering (60) members, representing (21.201%). The researchers used the questionnaire to collect data and information related to the study and to build a scale of administrative control methods, following all scientific steps. The researchers concluded that the administrative, training and arbitration staffs of the Iraqi basketball sub-federations enjoy a high level of administrative control methods.

The research aims to design a training program using anaerobic endurance training. Identifying the effect of the proposed program on some physical variables (speed, muscular ability, and strength characterized by speed) among football players. Identifying the effect of the proposed program on some physiological indicators among football players. Research methodology: The researcher used the experimental method. Research population: football players. Research sample: (40) players who were divided into two groups: experimental and control. Research tools: Tests to measure physical variables (speed, muscular ability, strength characterized by speed) and physiological indicators (heart rate, blood pressure, lactic acid concentration). Procedures: The training program was applied to the experimental group for 8 weeks, while the control group did not receive any training. The research results showed that the anaerobic endurance training program had a positive effect on some physical variables (speed, muscular ability, strength characterized by speed) and physiological indicators (heart rate, blood pressure, lactic acid concentration) among the soccer players in the experimental group. Discussion of results: The results of this research are consistent with the results of previous studies that showed the effectiveness of anaerobic endurance training in improving physical abilities and athletic performance.

(A.M.R.A.P) exercises are the most important training methods that contribute effectively to developing the (physical and tactical) levels of players because they contain fast and strong performances similar to playing in competition, which work to develop heart rate, performance endurance and complex offensive skills significantly on players, which positively reflects their effect during competition, as this research aims to identify the effect of ((A.M.R.A.P) exercises on developing heart rate, performance endurance and the contribution of complex offensive skills in developing football players Foot under the age of (23) years, where the research imposes the presence of a statistically significant effect between the pre- and post-tests of the experimental group in the heart rate, performance endurance and complex offensive skills of football players under the age of (23) years in favor of the post-test. The researchers used the experimental method, designing a single group with pre- and post-tests to suit the nature of the research, as the study concluded that the exercises ((A.M.R.A.P have a positive effect on the heart rate, performance endurance and complex offensive skills of football players. Keywords :heart rate, performance endurance, complex offensive skills

The research addressed the effect of using feedback on the technical performance of the seated weightlifting activity for youth category CP34, which includes individuals with cerebral palsy. The research focused on how feedback, whether direct or indirect, affects improving technical performance and increasing efficiency in implementing this sporting activity. The researcher noted that there is a weakness in the technical performance of the weightlifting activity among players of Baghdad clubs and centers, which created an incentive to study how to develop or improve technical performance in a better way. The research aims to prepare an educational curriculum for the weightlifting activity for players of Baghdad clubs and centers at the Athletics Federation of the Paralympic Committee, and also to identify the effect of the educational curriculum for the weightlifting activity, and to know the effect of using feedback on the technical performance of the weightlifting. The results showed that feedback contributes significantly to improving technical performance, as it helps athletes correct their mistakes and develop their skills faster. This improvement is due to the provision of immediate performance information, which enables athletes to continuously modify and improve their techniques. The research also indicated that the regular use of feedback can lead to increased self-confidence in athletes, which is positively reflected in their performance in competitions. It was found that feedback is not only useful in correcting errors, but also in enhancing the positive aspects of performance, which enhances the ability of athletes to perform at their best. The research concluded by emphasizing the importance of integrating feedback as an essential part of sports training programs for the CP34 category, as it contributes to developing technical performance and achieving better results.

The research talks about the role of physical education teachers in managing psychological emotions and their impact on the personal and emotional growth of students. As for the research problem, it focuses on the challenges that these teachers face in dealing with daily tensions in the school environment. Work pressures, and interacting with students who may be unpredictable. These challenges can affect the performance of teachers and the educational environment in general. It aims to evaluate the level of emotion management among physical education teachers in secondary schools in the General Directorate of Education in Baghdad / Karkh II. The researcher used the descriptive approach with the use of the form as a research tool. Scientific transactions were conducted on the form. The application sample consisted of (84 schools) in order to achieve the objectives of the research. The study concluded that physical education teachers in Baghdad have a high level of emotion management, and recommended raising the level of emotion management among these teachers.

Football, like other games, is witnessing a continuous development in the level of performance of its players and the results of its matches in basic and tactical skills, which adds training requirements that must be taken into account when starting to design training curricula, through the exchange of offensive and defensive roles between the two teams, in addition to the team\'s harmonious performance between its playing lines and the quick and surprising movements made by the players to the competitor to achieve the goals.
Hence, the researcher decided to use exercises specific to the pressing style of play within specific areas in developing some basic skills and the level of tactical performance of young football players, as the researcher used the (experimental) method with the design of two equal groups) experimental and control with pre- and post-measurements that are compatible with the nature of the research problem and achieving the desired goals. The researcher used the experimental method because it is suitable for the research. The pressing style exercises were applied to the experimental group only. After that, the test was conducted on the experimental and control groups with the post-test. The research community and its sample were determined intentionally. They are the first-class players in Karbala Governorate for the 2023-2024 season. They represent the research community itself. The researcher concluded that the pressing style exercises have a positive effect on developing some basic skills and that the pressing style exercises have a positive effect on developing the tactical performance of the research sample.

The importance of the research lies in knowing the offensive and defensive skill performance, mental toughness and the most important physical and motor abilities in foil for students, and knowing the relationship between them, and also predicting the offensive and defensive skill performance in terms of mental toughness and the most important physical and motor abilities in foil for students. The research aims to:-
1-Know the offensive and defensive skill performance, mental toughness and the most important physical and motor abilities in foil for students.
The researcher used the descriptive approach with the survey method to measure offensive and defensive skill performance, mental toughness, and the most important physical and motor abilities, and with the method of correlation relationships to know the relationship between them and predictive studies to predict offensive and defensive skill performance in terms of mental toughness and the most important physical and motor abilities in the foil weapon for students. The research community was determined by third-stage students in the faculties of physical education and sports sciences in the governorates of the Middle Euphrates for the academic year (2023-2024), and then the researcher built a mental toughness scale and then the tests for skill performance and physical and motor abilities were determined and those tests were applied. The researcher concluded:
1- Students enjoy offensive and defensive skill performance, mental toughness, and the most important physical and motor abilities in the foil weapon.
2-There is a strong direct correlation between offensive and defensive skill performance, mental toughness, and the most important physical and motor abilities in the foil weapon for students.

The aim of conducting this research was to identify the nature of the relationship between exclusionary discipline of students and the self-abilities possessed by physical education teachers in classroom management, after identifying the level of exclusionary discipline procedures followed by physical education teachers, as well as identifying the level of self-abilities possessed by physical education teachers in classroom management. The researcher followed a descriptive approach by using the survey method and the correlation method. The researcher identified the research community as physical education teachers in middle schools affiliated with the Baghdad Karkh Second Education Directorate the first measures the level of exclusionary discipline of students with a number of paragraphs amounting to (20) paragraphs, while the second measures the level of self-abilities among physical education teachers in classroom management with a number of paragraphs amounting to (19) paragraphs. The researcher reached a set of conclusions, including that physical education teachers practice exclusionary discipline procedures towards students at a high level during physical education lessons, and that physical education teachers in middle schools possess self-abilities in managing the classroom during the implementation of physical education lessons at a high level, in addition to the fact that the correlation between exclusionary discipline of students during physical education lessons and teachers' self-abilities in managing the classroom is a weak and insignificant relationship.

The aim of the research is to identify the level of psychological fluency among female 400-meter runners (female category), identify the level of ambition among female 400-meter runners (female category), and prepare a counseling-psychological program for the psychological fluency of female 400-meter runners (female category). To identify the effect of the counseling-psychological program for psychological fluency on ambition and the achievement of running (400) meters (female category), and the researcher chose the experimental method in the style of two equal groups (experimental and control), and the researcher identified the research community of Iraqi club players participating in the Iraqi Club Championship (2024). ) In the event of running (400) meters (female category), the number of which was (12) female athletes. After that, the researcher randomly divided the sample into two equal groups, experimental and control, each group consisting of (6) female athletes. The researcher prepared a counseling-psychological program that included lectures. Special guidance and videos for psychological fluency, which consisted of (18) guidance lectures, the duration of each lecture being (30) minutes, delivered to the experimental group before the start of training, for a period of (6) weeks, with (3) lectures per week (Saturday, Monday, and Wednesday), and the researcher arrived at... Several conclusions, the most important of which are the impact of the psychological-guidance program on psychological fluency, ambition, and the completion of the 400-meter run (the experimental group), the program prepared by the coach did not affect psychological fluency and ambition (the control group), and the effect of the program prepared by the coach on the completion of the 400-meter run. meter (control group), and the preference of the psychological-counseling program over the program prepared by the coach in psychological fluency, ambition, and running (400) meters (female applicants category).

Some physiological variables associated with basketball players' health were assessed through the training curriculum, including systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, breathing times, glucose levels, hemoglobin, hemoglobin, red blood cells, and white blood cells.
Basketball players' body weight, upper arm fat, Plate, and abdominal fat are all factors that a training approach can affect.
Through the results of this study, it was concluded that there is a positive effect of the training curriculum on the percentage of fat (upper arm, buttocks, and abdomen), weight in kilograms, sugar percentage, and number of white blood cells, as the differences between the pre-school stage and the school period.
The post-measurements were statistically significant and in favor of the post-measurement of these variables.

The study aimed to prepare special training in developing explosive power in the smash skill and to identify the values of explosive power and the accuracy of the smash skill, as well as to identify the effect of training in developing explosive power in the smash skill between the pre- and post-test of the research sample, as well as to identify the effect of explosive power in the accuracy of the smash skill of badminton for the research sample. As for the research hypotheses, the researcher came up with one hypothesis, which is the alternative hypothesis if there are significant differences between the (pre- - post) test for explosive power in the smash skill in favor of the post-test. The research community was determined by the players of the Maysan Governorate Badminton Team for the 2023 sports season, numbering (6) who compete in the tournaments held by the Iraqi Federation For badminton, and they were taken in full by the comprehensive inventory method, as the researcher divided them into two groups with (3) runners for the control group and (3) runners for the experimental group, and the process of distributing them was random, and the most important recommendations that the researcher came out with were the following: Emphasizing making strength exercises similar in their movement path with the skill path because of its impact on developing the skill level, and the necessity of including strength exercises in the training curriculum prepared to develop the special physical qualities of athletes such as explosive strength and speed.

Given the multiplicity and diversity of training methods followed by coaches at the level of clubs and national teams and the overlap of these methods with each other, the effect of each of them has become a serious case to address certain requirements in order to develop the level of players. One of the modern training methods that have recently emerged is psycho training, which is considered one of the latest training methods that use high-intensity training in a short time. The lack of use of modern training methods, including psycho training, which is one of the methods that raise the body's ability to its maximum limits, as it uses agility and speed in performance, and is a challenge to the energy systems (ATP-CP, LA), so the researcher wanted to delve into this experiment. The aim of the research was to identify the effect of psycho exercises in developing some bio-kinetic abilities and offensive skill performance for youth football players. The researchers used the experimental method with two equivalent groups. The researchers measured the concentration of lactic acid in the blood, heart rate after effort, and the enzyme CPK. And the skill performance endurance test. Then, they used psycho exercises in the training method. The following was concluded: There is a positive effect of bio-kinetic abilities on offensive skill performance, and it is positive that psycho training has a positive effect, and this was clear from the results that appeared on the experimental group.

The research problem emerged from the concepts related to psychology, which is conscious thinking and creative motivation. Players who are characterized by conscious thinking and creative motivation can deal with training and competition situations in a positive and sound way, which helps them achieve their internal balance first and high performance under various circumstances second. The objectives of the research are to standardize the tactical behavior test and the conscious thinking and creative motivation scales for football players.
The researchers used the descriptive approach using the survey method and standard studies. The current research community was determined by young football players in the Iraqi Premier League. The researchers reached the following conclusions: Young football players enjoy a high level of conscious thinking, creative motivation and tactical behavior. The results of the main experiment sample in the variable (tactical behavior) were distributed into (five) standard levels. The results of the main experiment sample in the variable (conscious thinking) were distributed into (four) standard levels. The results of the main experiment sample in the variable (creative motivation) were distributed into (four) standard levels.

The importance of the research is evident in using the correct model for teaching basic skills on the floor exercise mat, and thus we contribute to raising the correct application level and appropriate education for students according to the best model, which is the (Rothkopf) model. As for the research problem: There are many teaching methods and educational models, each of which has its own educational goals that help in correct and specialized learning with the type of effectiveness and required skills, if each of them falls into a specialty that helps in developing and upgrading different movements and skills, and this requires experimentation and investigation of scientific facts through tests and measurements before and after applying the scientific model. The objectives of the research were: To identify the influence of Rothkopf's model on teaching some basic skills on the floor exercise mat for students. The conclusions were: Rothkopf's model has an impact and importance in teaching some basic skills on the floor exercise mat for students. Accordingly, the recommendations were: Adopting the Rothkopf model because of its impact and importance in teaching some basic skills on the floor exercises mat to students.

The study aimed to use artificial intelligence in regulating the training load for important motor capabilities in training for the effectiveness of high jump performance and achievement. Artificial intelligence and its tools significantly helped in regulating the training load and providing appropriate time and effort for the coach.The study selected a sample from the athletes of the University of Al-Qadisiyah with a total of ten high jumpers.The sample members were arranged based on their achievement levels. The control and experimental groups were determined by drawing lots among individual even numbers. The key variables studied included explosive power, speed, agility, and flexibility, which are important motor abilities for high jump effectiveness. The kinematic variables under study were step length, time, frequency, speed, length, take-off angle moment, flight angle, free leg angle at take-off moment, head, shoulder, hip, knees, and feet angles.The researcher designed a training program that was regulated by artificial intelligence through COSPOO The duration of the training was (1) week, as the special training began from the date (10/4/2024) at the stadium of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Al-Qadisiyah University, until the date (21/4/2024). The researcher concluded that regulating training loads through artificial intelligence for the studied variables of motor abilities for high jumpers to improved performance in achievement

The research aimed to identify the nature of the relationship between students' practice of sports activities and their psychological compatibility, after their levels are identified, and the researcher has followed to answer the questions of the research and achieve its objectives a descriptive approach using survey methods and correlation relationships, the researcher has identified the research community with middle school students affiliated to the Directorate of Education of Musayyib District, which is administratively affiliated with the General Directorate of Education of Babylon Governorate, whose number is(7850) students belonging to (12) middle schools located within the scope of work of the Directorate, and then the researcher chose (367) students to represent the main research sample based on Thompson's law to determine the sizes of samples, and then this group was divided into three sub-samples, these samples are the sample of the exploratory study with a number of individuals amounting to (17) students, and the statistical analysis sample with a number of individuals amounting to (210) students, and the final application sample with a number of individuals amounting to (140) students, and in order to collect the required data, the researcher prepared two measurement tools, the first tool It measures the level of sports activities by the number of paragraphs () paragraph, while the second tool measures the level of psychological compatibility with the number of paragraphs () paragraph, and after extracting the results and processing them statistically, the researcher reached a set of conclusions, namely:
- Middle school students affiliated with the Directorate of Education of Musayyib District practice sports activities at a high level.
- Middle school students affiliated with the Directorate of Education of Musayyib District have a high level of psychological adjustment during the physical education lesson.
- There is a positive moral correlation between each of the sports activities practiced by students and their psychological adjustment.

The aim of the research is to predict organizational creativity through the self-concept of technical supervisors in the directorates of education in the central and southern governorates. The researcher used the descriptive approach with survey methods, correlations and predictive studies to suit the nature of the problem. The research community consisted of (6) directorates (3) directorates for governorates in the south, namely Basra, Dhi Qar and Maysan, and (3) directorates for governorates in the center, namely Wasit, Karbala and Najaf, totaling (84 technical supervisors), who represent all technical supervisors in the sports and scouting activity departments of the general directorates of education in the central and southern governorates for the academic year (2023 - 2024). The researcher concluded that there is a positive direct relationship between organizational creativity and self-concept For technical supervisors, it was recommended to use the predictive equation to predict organizational creativity and self-concept among technical supervisors in the sports and scouting activity departments.

Achieving the highest sports levels and recording records for most developed countries was not a coincidence, but rather came as a result of the proper use of scientific foundations in studying movement in terms of applying the results of physical laws. The researcher found that there are clear differences in the achievements of Iraqi strength games when compared to the international level. The researcher believes that these differences are the result of the variation in physical abilities, which leads to a difference in the application of the mechanical conditions that must be implemented in the hurdles competition, especially when crossing the barriers. The aim of the research is to identify the relationship between strength indicators and the path of the body's center of gravity in terms of the take-off leg when crossing the curve barrier. And to identify the values of strength indicators for the pushing leg and the path of the body's center of gravity when crossing the barrier. The descriptive research method was used and the research community was chosen intentionally, they are the players of the Iraqi youth team for the 400-meter hurdles event, the number of which is (4) players. The researcher reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which are:
1-The difference in the level of strength indicators for the sample was due to the difference in the mass of the players.
2- The first distance before the hurdle was greater than the level of the landing distance after the hurdle for the research sample.
3- The level of strength time is proportional to the crossing time at a rate of three times.

The aim of the research is the reality of classroom management in the Baghdad Education Directorate, Karkh / 2 and the time frame: for the period from 1/2/2024 - 5/14/2023. And the spatial field: in the faculties of physical education and sports sciences at the universities of (Baghdad - Al-Mustansiriya). The researcher determined her research community by limiting the research community to the members of the teaching staff working and continuing in the official working hours for the year (2021-2022) in the faculties of physical education and sports sciences in Baghdad (Al-Jadriya. Al-Mustansiriya, Al-Waziriyah), where their number reached (322) faculty members, as the researcher determined her research community at a rate of (85%) The research sample amounted to (273) teachers. Then the researcher divided the research sample into three samples (exploratory - stability - application). The most prominent recommendations are the necessity of working to employ the correct scientific competence in the right places in the faculties of physical education and sports sciences. The necessity of working to encourage academic leaders to hold courses and technical workshops within the college. The necessity of working to provide an effective organizational climate within the institution in a correct manner that is appropriate to the nature of the college. And working to create a good healthy work environment for faculty members within the faculties of physical education and sports sciences in the correct manner.

The research aims to identify the effect of the educational program using the circular method with tools in improving basic skills (jumping, throwing, running, catching) and ground movements in the experimental group, and to identify the differences in basic skills and ground movements between the control and experimental groups in the post-measurement. The researcher used the experimental method using the control and experimental group method, the research sample (20) of the training center buds with (10) buds for each group, Conclusions: The effect of the educational program using the circular method with tools has a positive effect on improving basic skills (jumping, throwing, running, catching) in the buds of the experimental group.
The experimental group outperformed the control group in basic skills in the post-measurement.
The experimental group outperformed the skill performance of ground movements in the post-measurement, in addition to its superiority over the control group.

The game of football has received great attention in the field of research and has become a fertile field for researchers in the field of sports training to conduct research and studies that have a major role in improving and developing performance, especially the performance of players in terms of motor, physiological and technical abilities that enable them to participate in local tournaments. This development is due to following modern, sound and new methods that qualify the young player physically, skillfully, tactically, and psychologically, as the player was able to perform the match well. The aim of the research is to:
Prepare a training program using the cross-training method to develop some motor abilities for football juniors
The researchers used the experimental method) the experimental design for two groups, the first control and the second experimental (using the pre-measurement And after, the research community identified the young players aged (16-17) years in Al-Hashemiya Sports Club for football for the season) 2022-2023 (and the research sample was selected by simple random method, amounting to (20) players, and then they were divided into two groups, the first control and the second experimental, with) 10) players for each group. The most important conclusions were
1-There is an advantage for the experimental group in developing the motor abilities of young football players using cross-training for all tests.
2- That using any training method may have a positive effect on young football players.
3-The emergence of development in the motor abilities of young football players

In order for weightlifters to achieve the achievement of the clean and jerk lift, it is necessary to develop muscle strength and integrate it with speed of performance. To achieve this, a training curriculum was prepared using electrical stimulation to determine their effect on explosive ability and speed-characterized strength.
The research aims to prepare a training curriculum using electrical stimulation to develop explosive power and speed-characterized strength of the arms for the Babel Youth Club quadrupeds, as well as to identify the effect of the training curriculum using electrical stimulation to develop explosive power and speed-characterized strength of the arms for the research sample members. The researcher reached the most important conclusions, including that the training curriculum prepared by the researcher has a positive effect in developing explosive power and speed-characterized strength and raising the level of achievement in the jerk lift, with an advantage for the training curriculum using electrical stimulation prepared by the researcher, and that electrical stimulation sessions lead to recruiting all muscle fibers to contract at once and stimulating reserve strength to work during performance to achieve achievement.

The aim of the research is to identify the effect of using various educational means in learning some basic skills in handball
Among the most important hypotheses of the research are statistically significant differences between the average scores of students in the level of skill performance for basic handball skills between each of the pre- and post-tests and for the experimental and control groups. And the existence of statistically significant differences between the average scores of female students in the two experimental research groups that learn with the educational means program and the control in favor of the experimental group. Its fields were the human field, the first-stage students, Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, while the time field was from 20/2/2024 to 22/4/2024 The spatial domain is the internal hall of the College of Basic Education, Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences. As for the third chapter, it included the research methodology. The researcher used the experimental method to suit the nature of the problem. The research sample represented the first-stage students at the College of Basic Education, Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences for the academic year (2024-2025). They were chosen intentionally and their number was (50) students. The sample was divided into two groups, one of which was experimental, consisting of (25) students, and the other was a control group, consisting of (25) students. The researcher conducted homogeneity among the sample members in light of the following variables: growth rates (chronological age, height, weight, intelligence as one of the mental abilities, motor abilities specific to handball, some basic handball skills). The stability coefficients for these tests were calculated using the retest method with a time interval of 3 days on a sample of 30 thirty students from the first stage students from outside the research sample. The results indicated a statistically significant correlation between the two measurements for all tests. The validity coefficient was also calculated using the psychological segmentation method, and the differences were Between the two groups,. The educational units for some handball skills were placed in the program and divided into (16) lectures, two lectures per week, knowing that the time allocated for the practical lecture in the College of Basic Education/Department of Physical Education is two hours.. The most important conclusions were that the method of diverse educational means was more influential on learning handball skills than the traditional method, which indicates its effectiveness and impact. The method of diverse means was highly effective on the opinions and impressions of the sample members.

The aim of the research was to develop an educational curriculum using two methods (command and training) in teaching some table tennis skills and developing learning motivation for intermediate school students. It also aimed to identify the impact of this method on the research sample and the optimal method used in learning the forehand and backhand skills. The researcher hypothesized that there would be statistically significant differences in the use of the command and training methods for the pre- and post-tests of the research sample, in favor of the post-test. The researcher used an experimental method with two groups, one experimental and the other a control group, with 30 students per group from Al-Rawad and Al-Shahid Abu Al-Maali intermediate schools in Karbala Education for the academic year. 2021/2022, with a total number of (60) students. The researcher concluded that the command method and the training method have a positive impact on learning the skills of the forehand and backhand stroke and developing learning motivation, and that the training method is more appropriate for learning the backhand stroke skill, while learning the forehand stroke is more suitable for the command method. The researcher recommended the need to conduct similar studies on other activities using these teaching methods that rely on modern education and achieve educational and pedagogical goals.