Al-Furat Journal of Innovations in Electronics and Computer Engineering

Recently, researchers have focused on integrating wireless networks with control systems, which has shown what is called
Wireless Network Control Systems (WNCS). On the other hand, these systems face several problems and one of these problems is a
time delay. In this paper, the Fuzzy logic with the Proportional –Integral–Derivative (PID) controller is proposed in the WNCS
design, the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique is used to obtain optimum rules. The ZigBee network used to send and
receive data between the system control and the controller nodes. The proposed controller aims to reduce the time delays that can
make the system stable in the event of an overload on the network. The obtained results showed that the proposed controller when the
number of nodes increased by 500, the system remains stable.

The speed of data transfer and the amount of space within the communication service, taking into account the cost, security, capacity, and specifications of WiMAX is highly important in communications. There are varies difficulties for routing in WiMAX, for example, delay, long scheduling, interference and progressively stringent Quality of Service (QoS) backing and burden parity. This paper proposes a multi-transceiver and multi-channel centralized routing and scheduling algorithm to avoid the impact of packet collision with neighbor nodes. The proposed algorithm looks for a short path from the subscriber station (SS) node to Base station (BS), while the optimal path is achieved when the whole path has the lowest (energy bit minimum routing (EBMR)). After the route is fixed, and the traffic demanded at each node is known, the total traffic arriving at a node is centrally scheduled in order to avoid the transmission interferences. The results from the multi and nearest multi-transceiver systems showed that the proposed algorithm has effectively minimize the length of scheduling in the in multi nearest multi -transceiver system. Moreover, the channel utilization ratio (CUR) is found to be improved over the implementation of the proposed system.

This paper introduces a practical design for home energy management and monitoring. It has been assumed that the home has a 12 VDC power source and with variable generation power. The virtual house has loads that consisting of four lamps, each with a power of 10 watts and operated on 12VDC. The home can be operated in two modes. The first mode is the grid-tied mode, in which the energy is imported or exported the power to/from the grid depending on whether the home source generation power is greater than or less than its load. The second mode is called the island mode, in which the home depends on its power supply to feed its loads with the required power. The transition between the two operating modes of the home is controlled fully by the Arduino UNO microcontroller according to the main grid status and home status (generation and load demand). The assumption that was set in the designed system is that the maximum current that a home source can supply is 3A. Therefore, when the current that a home needs is more than this value, it imports energy from the main grid and less than that value, it exports energy to the grid. The data of the grid voltage and load current of the home were transferred by the Arduino UNO microcontroller to the Node MCU using RF (HC-12) module. The cases of the main grid and the home power source are monitored in real-time using the Ubidots platform. These cases data raised to the Ubidots platform by using the Wi-Fi- ESP8266 included in the Node MCU board. All cases were tested in practice and the Ubidots platform showed a quick response in updating the data as well as its security.

In this paper, a new encoder/decoder technique has employed two orthogonal polarization states (vertical and horizontal) of a two-dimensional optical code, which combined polarization and wavelength scheme (p/w). This technique employed in order to increase the number of users in the FTTH network. In addition, Optical Fiber Systems (OFS) and Free Space Optics (FSO) scenarios were utilized with different Spectral Amplitude Coding Optical Code Division Multiple Access (SAC-OCDMA) codes. The FTTH network based on incoherent SAC-OCDMA is tested by using the One and Two Dimensional Multi-Diagonal (1D-MD, 2D-MD) codes and 1D and 2D Zero Cross Correlation (ZCC) codes. The results show that the number of the total supported homes for the 2D codes is doubled as a comparison with 1D codes. As well as, the simulation results show the performance of MD code is better presented than ZCC in both OFS and FSO scenarios.