Al-Fatih journal

This research is to finding out the use, variations and functions of English and Kurdish conditional sentences and also to explore the similarities and differences between them.
The researcher uses the descriptive – qualitative method, which is not designed to use statistical procedure but to explore and describe the finding of the research. The method of analyzing data is comparative analysis, which compares English and Kurdish conditional sentences.
The research shows that there are some similarities and differences between English and Kurdish conditional sentences. They are: English and Kurdish conditional sentences can be explained implicitly, without using the particle; they can be explained by open and hypothetical conditional sentences; they also have the same arrangement in explaining open and hypothetical conditional sentences with their particles (in Kurdish) and tense based on their types (in English). In English, tenses handle the important role, while in Kurdish; their particles handle an important role.

In recent years, there has been growing interest in the use of authentic material in foreign language teaching. Recording of spontaneous speech expose learners to the rhythms of natural every day English in a way that scripted materials cannot. Furthermore, authentic passages where the language has not been graded to reflect the learners' level of English afford a listening experience much closer to a real life one.
Nevertheless, there are some obstacles that may be faced by Iraqi teachers of English in using authentic materials in teaching.
Therefore, this study has tackled some of these difficulties. It also aims at identifying and classifying these difficulties.
To fulfill this aim, a sample of (100) teachers of English from the directorate- general of Education of Diyla are considered to be the subjects of this study. A scaled questionnaire as an instrument of measurement is used in this study to be an investigatory tool.
The results prove that the hypothesis of this study, which reads that Iraqi teachers of English faced difficulties in using authentic materials is verified and accepted.

This study aims at investigating the effectiveness of using cued-dialogue and information gap activities on developing speaking skills of the fifth graders in Diyala governorate schools. To achieve the aim of the study, the researcher adopted the experimental design on 24 October,2011. The sample of the study consisted of (69) male students divided into (35) students for the experimental group and (34) students for the control one. It is randomly chosen from Al-GhadilMushraq Secondary School in Diyala Governorate.
The researcher designed activities related to speaking topics, these activities are based on cued-dialogue and information gap activities which are used in teaching the experimental group, while the traditional method is used in teaching the control one in the first term of the school year (2011-2012).The Analysis of the results proves that there is a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of the two groups in favour of the experimental group at each level of the speaking skills in the post test. In the light of those findings, the researcher suggested some recommendations that are hoped to help syllabus designers, supervisors and English language teachers in developing teaching speaking skills.In the conclusion of this study, the researcher has put forward some suggestions for futures researches.

Experimental studies have proved the necessity and importance of to depend on clear and targeted strategeis in learning skills, especially in the arts, which often depend on the skill in the completion of art works.
Based on that, the researcher sees that showing the effect of using Synthesis learning strategy in performance skills for the students of Art education department in sketch subject through achieving the aim of this research in the design of lesson plans in the subject of operational sketch according to Synthesis learning strategy to develop the performance skills for students, And measure the impact of the strategy in performance skills for students in the Department of Art Education in sketch subject and applied to an experimental sample of students of art education department in Art Education College – first stage for the academic year 2010-2011
To achieve these aims null hypothesis has been identified (No statistically significant differences on the level of 0,05 between the average scores of the experimental group in the pre test and the average of thrie scores in the post test.
The whole research was consist of 113 students, the sample was chosen of (15) students.
To meet the requirements of research, (4) lesson plans has been desogned and a pre and post test of performance skills and use a range of statistical methods (test and Cookson) to show the search results. After achieving the research hypothesis conclusions and recommendations concerned with the research has been developed after showing the results and discussing them.

Keen school educational contemporary to provide new methods of learning and education, the movement of interest educators of the subject or the teacher to the learner, and the ways in which figured educational methods of individual learning, recalling literature education to individualize education helps learners to achieve the educational goals a certain level of proficiency , due to the fact that this method - individual learning - taking into account individual differences among learners well, so provide each learner vocabulary teaching commensurate with the needs and abilities and inclinations, and make him walk in the learning process according to speed, and his style of learning, and allow it enough time, which needs him to learn a particular topic, and enables the learner the freedom to choose educational activities and exercise, and evaluate the extent of progress toward achieving educational goals.
Has resulted in interest in learning the individual to the emergence of teaching programs suitable for this type of learning and achieve its objectives, and perhaps the most important types of individual learning common and widespread (teaching package), so felt the researcher to use this method to help overcome some of the problems suffered by the material dictate whether a problems were related to the curriculum or a way of teaching, multiplicity of spelling errors have become increasingly widespread, even when university students, here is where the current research, to uncover the effect of using the teaching package in the collection of second graders average in the subject of spelling, and to aim of the research were selected school(Ala Ahwaz) for basic education, located in the center of the province of , and randomly selected divisions of the people of the second row in the middle school also mentioned at random.
Sample size (64) students, equally distributed between the two divisions are: Division (c) the experimental group, and division (d) the control group, was conducted by researcher parity between the students of the two groups in the variables the following: (chronological age, and academic achievement for fathers, mothers, The previous information, and degrees of the Arabic language in the previous year).

This research studies the phenomenon of private lessons that is dangerous in the educational system. This phenomenon does not allow equal chances for the students to go ahead in study later on.
The private lessons phenomenon has become a problem. This research studies the reasons of this phenomenon according to the headmasters, teachers, students and parents.
This research has resulted in the fact that most of the individuals of the sample state that the reasons of the spread of this phenomenon come back to the headmaster firstly, and secondly to the student, thirdly to the family, then to the teacher. There were not differences of statistical indication among the answers of the sample individuals.
Finally, many suggestions have been posed among which preventing teachers from giving private lessons legally, improving the situations of the teachers financially, training them well, the necessity of watching the educational process by the headmasters, watching the teachers and their preparation notebooks, attending lessons, watching the students, limiting their levels, helping the students whose levels are low, and finding remedial programs supervised by the school.

This research discusses one of the most important scientific concepts that is considered one of the things in common between psychological sciences and administrative sciences which is the administrative reparement concept, this concept that holds the psychiatrists directions in their different specialties in administrative psychology, social psychology and industrial psychology, not to mention the explanations of the personality psychology and social science for the social surrounding of the organization where the individual is working administratively in.
The attention given to the psychological side of the administrative reparement is a result to what all the studies and researches in this area suggests which is the importance of the psychological factors effecting the administrative reparement not to mention its acknowledgement in its psychological basis.
According to the descriptional analyzing method that this research depended on which depends on the past researches about psychology and administration in its different scientifical specialties the researcher concluded different psychological basis that is the soul of the psychological structure for the administrative reparement, the most important ones of these concepts are: employment satisfaction, justice, leadership, organizational creativeness , social skills, and mental awakeness, self sufficiency, and many more.
And according to these concepts the researcher came with some conclusions and recommendations.

The goal of the current research is to identify the components of the hidden curriculum within the school, identify the differences between the average scores of students in schools with the positive hidden curriculum and the average scores of students in schools with the negative hidden curriculum in the moral values, and identify the differences between the average scores of students in schools with the positive hidden curriculum and the average scores of students in schools with the negative hidden curriculum in the aesthetic and recreational values. The researcher used the descriptive analytical approach to answer the research questions. The research tools were a questionnaire of the hidden curriculum to identify the availability range of its components in schools of the first cycle of the basic education, a questionnaire to measure the aesthetic values of the fourth-grade students from the first cycle of the basic education, and another questionnaire to measure the moral values. The research was conducted on a sample consisted of (120 student). The research has shown the following results:
• There are statistically significant differences at the significance level of 0.05 between the average scores of students in schools with the positive hidden curriculum and the average scores of students in schools with the negative hidden curriculum in the moral values.
• There are statistically significant differences at the significance level of 0.05 between the average scores of students in schools with the positive hidden curriculum and the average scores of students in schools with the negative hidden curriculum in the aesthetic values.

It is said that the variety of leaning methods and the variety of dealing with them by the teacher is one of the fundamentals of effective teaching and it is also regarded as one of the basis for reaching at the goal by the learner i.e. leaning .
Moreover, competitive learning is regarded as one of the learning styles used by the teachers and learners to achieve bigger learning outcome, besides it activates the learner and motivates him and competitive spirit to achieve the goal. Therefore, the researcher chose the test of the effect of competitive learning on knowledge achievement, skilful performance and achievement in throwing the disc in track and field games which is faced with difficulty by the students in learning it skilful performance and achievement besides , the weakness in knowledge achievement.
The importance of the study is the attempt to establish a style activates the motivation and competitive spirit among students to raise the learning level in the studied activity.
The researcher used the experimental approach for its suitability with the nature of the study and its goals . The sample consists of 53 students the second stage’s student \ department of physical education \ College of Basic Education ( female s and males \ day and evening studies) 15 for each group ( controlling and experimental males ) and 11 females in (experimental) and 12 females in the ( controlling ) group .
The researcher concluded that competitive learning style has a clear effect in developing the knowledge achievement for the female and male students ,besides ,the competitive learning style has no priority on the traditional style in skilful performance nor in increasing the achievement in throwing the disc in track and field games despite the increase of the motivation of the students and their enthusiasm in learning using this style .
The researcher recommended the use of the competitive learning style inside the classroom for its effect on increasing the knowledge achievement. Moreover, the researcher recommended the necessity of testing more than one style to achieve good skilful learning and increasing the achievement in the current studied activity.

A search contains five chapters, the first one included the definition and importance of research, which was addressed the research problem and the reason to conduct such research and to identify the goals and hypotheses, and finally the research fields which display human and spatial and temporal fields.
The second section contained a theoretical and literature studies, and to identified the concept of motor learning and its importance and its definitions, and then addressed the concept of cooperative learning and its definitions and how to use in the development of skills in volleyball, and then enhance the skills of volleyball, particularly spike and defense court skills of the research subject and finally display study research of (Mohammed Atef Khmsan) and study (Khalil Ibrahim Suleiman) which they are similar studies.
Part III was covered research methods and it's procedures, where we identify the research sample and how it divided into groups after pretest and to equal sample sizes after posttest to conduct the main experiment, the data were processed with proper statistical methods.
The fourth section were covered the view and analyze and discuss the search results and study the effect of cooperative learning techniques in the development of volleyball skills
The fifth section included conclusions and recommendations of that the researcher reached and the most important conclusions:
1 - That the style of cooperative learning has a positive effect and has effective learning of spike defense court skills in volleyball.
2 - Using small groups in the learning process has a significant effect in controlling skills performance of spike and defense court in volleyball.
3 - Learning cooperative style helps increasing the effectiveness of student learning as the student turns from just recipient to a leader of group.
4 - Cooperative learning Contribute increasing competition between the groups in trying to get everyone to a good level of skill for the purpose of superiority over other groups.

The aim of this research is to construct an instrument for evaluation the performance of the university teaching members from the students point of view and from the postgraduate students point of view .To achieve this, the researcher constructed atoll a after examining the previous study. The tool consists of five fields including forty two items of final from after verifying by a group of experts. So after verification ,the researcher mode his researcher sample which consists of postgraduate students at Diyala University. The total sample was seventy five male and female students of six scientific and literary collages. And to a chive his goals , the researcher used the necessary statistic ads.
The researcher concluded a group of results that the clear weakness of teacher performance was the most important one from the students point of view and in every field, So there is clearly weakness in the teaching performance. Only four items are achieved but some are at medium degree. In preparation field ,it shared halves with other items. The Field of Examination preparatory and Marking only two items are chinned at the medium degree. the Field of personal characteristic only one item is achieved. Four items are achieved at the field of the duty of teaching members. the researcher added that the weakness is due to the exceptional circumstances of our country in general and of Diyala governorate in particular have reflected greatly at the teachers performance lastly ,the researcher has submitted several recommendations and suggestions.

A strange thing that Arabic language been spoken in the Arabic Island until it was considered one of the most important islanders languages and (kuraish's) language , and (Oukath) market was famous in it's epoch which was special with the (mua'alakat) that was the unique decade of Arab's language. Apparently there are planets sparkled in Basra to protect the safety of this language from the tuning that has happened to it, and the Prophet Mohammad bin Abdullah mentioned it in it's linguistic pointing that is a green light for the Basra's planets march, he said: " guide your brother because he is lost" when he heard a man tuning his words.
The Basra people moved from the scientific positions they built in the educating and learning starting with (Qura'an) by describing it as the most sacred thing for them brought by the last prophet Mohammad to guide all people so they mastered it’s arts and variety of sciences using different ways of teaching in studying circles that produced the most sophisticated scientists who became a light for us and for the generations with what their pens wrote for the Islamic library, and became a rich source for researchers and teachers and students .
And schools were established in many countries first of it was Basra then Kufa, then Baghdad, then Egypt, then Andalus, then Hijaz, then Yemen, then Syria.
And the Basra people didn't stop with teaching and spreading sciences in the science centers that was made in there country , they also used the scientific missions style which is the travelling of a group of it's scientists to other countries and sit for learning and teaching and they where good in doing that , not to mention their hospitality for the scientists of other countries who visited them to benefit from his science and experiences.
The first Basra people had a big scientific lead in creating the teaching methods which produced results that contributed in enriching the scientific library with different sciences and arts . not to mention the plenty of teachers some of them still has his scientific position with no competition till this very day.

This thesis aim to know the role of swom strategy in achieving the chemistry the students of fifth class scientific form verifications by the truth of the following assumptions
There aren’t any differences has statistics approach at the level of (0.05) between the average of marks achieved by the students of experimental group whom studied the subject of chemistry by the swom strategy , the average marks of students achievement in the control group whom studied the same subject , by the traditional method .
The sample of the study of (60) fifth class scientific female students. They are chosen randomly and about (30) female students in each group.
The study groups are equalized in accordance with the following variables ( age in month , previous academic , achievement chemistry of fourth class , intelligence )
An achievement in chemistry test consists of (50) objectives questions and subjective has been constructed by the researcher. The test items covers only the first five levels of Bloom domain.
Validity is achieved through exposing test to number of experts. Reliability is achieved.
And also find item difficulty and discriminating power for each item and effectiveness of the distracters have been achieved. Data are statistically processed by the use of (t-test) formula for two independent samples.
The study has arrived at that there is statistically significant difference between the two study groups in achievement retention and in favor of experimental group.
The researcher conclude that The swom strategy has great activity than the tradition in achieve the education within the limits of study. Depend on swom strategy while studied the chemistry inside secondary schools .

The research aims to prepare a proposed educational program andthe effectiveness of this program is to give the skill of the reception of the ball down the plane. The researcher used the experimental method. The research sample included the students of fifthgradeelementary school perseverance primary,'s (20) students and the way intentional were divided randomly in a lottery into two groups ,experimental and control group for each of them (10) students and I have been using some of the technical tests nominated by expertsand after using the appropriate statistical methods to the conclusions of the researcher, including:
1 - the program has achieved the educational level of the best in giving skills under the traditional method used in learning. And has been a very positive influence in the development of skill.
2 - The results that emerged from the tests proved the validity of the educational program prepared by the researcher.

The most important recommendations:
1 - Using the tutorial prepared to learn other skills so as to givepositive impact on the skill in question.
2 - the investment of time well gives a positive development in the largest acquisition