University of Anbar Sport and Physical Education Science Journal

The importance of the research appeared to the researcher in predicting the results of testing the accuracy and speed of repetition of handball handling in terms of the results of a number of physical tests of the arms for young handball players in Kirkuk Governorate.
The current research aims to: Developing a predictive equation to test the accuracy and speed of handball repetition for young players in Kirkuk governorate in terms of testing the explosive strength of the arms. Developing a predictive equation to test the accuracy and speed of repetition of handball handball for young players in Kirkuk Governorate, in terms of testing the speed-distinguishing strength of the arms. Developing a predictive equation to test the accuracy and speed of handball repetition for young players in Kirkuk Governorate, in terms of arm strength test. The researcher used the descriptive approach using the survey and correlation methods, due to their suitability to the nature of the current research , The research sample was represented by the players to whom the tests were applied to reach the results of the current research, which numbered (34) players, after excluding the players who represented the sample of persistence and reconnaissance experience, which amounted to (20) players, as the percentage of the research sample reached (62.96%) of the total research community.The researcher used the means to reach the results of the current research: the questionnaire, Testing the accuracy and speed of repetition of handball handling, Physical tests (explosive strength of the arms, strength characteristic of the speed of the arms, outstretched strength of the arms).
The researcher used the following statistical methods through the spss statistical program:
Percentage, mean, standard deviation, simple correlation coefficient (Pearson), torsion coefficient, simple regression analysis. The researcher concluded the following: ccuracy and speed of repetition of passing with handball is affected by the results of the explosive strength test of the arms and can be predicted through the following equation: Accuracy and speed of repetition of passing = 2.311 + 0.214 (explosive strength of the arms).
- Accuracy and speed of passing repetition with handball is affected by the results of the strength characteristic test of the arms and can be predicted through the following equation: Accuracy and speed of repetition of passing = 5.673 + 0.307 (the strength characteristic of speed for the arms). Accuracy and speed of passing repetition in handball is affected by the results of the strength stretching test for the arms and it can be predicted through the following equation: Accuracy and speed of passing repetition = 11.635 + 0.251 (strength stretching for the arms). The most important recommendations were: The need for trainers to pay attention to the development of the physical aspect as well as the skillful performance in order to reach better results.

The importance of the study is to know the historical events of the game of volleyball for the disabled from the sitting position, the development that took place in it, and the date of its establishment. The study aims to identify the history of the emergence of the game and the establishment of the International Federation of Volleyball from the sitting position that it supervises, as well as the country that adopted and cared for the game of volleyball for the disabled and conducted its first competitions until it reached an internationally recognized Olympic game as well as knowing the results of some Olympic tournaments and concluded The researchers found that the game of volleyball from a sitting position is not a result of chance, but rather has ancient and deep roots in the foot. The first of them is in ancient civilizations in Africa, Asia, America and Europe, and that the large number of wars in the world, in addition to disability from birth, is the main reason for the emergence of this game, as the goal was It is necessary to involve the disabled participants in the rehabilitation field first and secondly in the recreational field for the disabled. Volleyball originated from a sitting position in the Netherlands (1956) as a combination of two types of volleyball from a standing position and from a sitting position. The first official appearance of the sitting volleyball game was within the program of the Paralympic Games in Arnhem (1980). The Netherlands won their first gold medal in seated volleyball, and women's volleyball was added in Athens (2004), where China won their first Paralympic title. And the sport of the disabled does not stop at a known limit, and perhaps other games will be added to them to involve them in the world of healthy people.

The performance for this race includes multiple stages that affect each other to different degrees, and these stages are the start, launch and first acceleration stages, which fall within the first part of the phosphagine system (ATP). The research was applied to a sample of 200 young contestants affiliated with the Talent Center in Athletics at the Ministry of Youth. Video imaging and kinetic analysis were conducted to measure the variables of force push, start and start time, the time of the first 5 meters, the time of 10 meters and the time of 50 meters, which fall within the first energy system to demonstrate its importance in achieving achievement. And there was an improvement in the driving force on the supports, the starting times, the acceleration, and the 200-meter time.

Search aim to:
- Constructing two scales to measure the challenges faced by students of the faculties of physical education and sports sciences in the universities of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq when playing the futsal game, and measuring the distance of these students from refereeing futsal matches.
- Identifying the challenges faced by students of the faculties of physical education and sports sciences in the universities of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq when playing futsal.
- Identifying the reasons for the reluctance of female students of the faculties of physical education and sports sciences in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq to participate in the arbitration of futsal matches.
- Identifying the nature of the relationship between the challenges faced by students of the faculties of physical education and sports sciences in the universities of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq when playing futsal and their distance from refereeing their matches.
The methodology used by the research is the descriptive approach in the survey and correlation methods. The research community included fourth-stage female students in the faculties of physical education and sports sciences in the universities of the Kurdistan Region-Iraq for the academic year (2022-2023). The sample of the exploratory study included (8) students from the College of Physical Education and sports sciences at Salah al-Din University, while the construction sample included (114) female students from the colleges mentioned above, with a percentage of (58%) of the main research sample. As for the application sample, it included the remainder of the main research sample, which numbered (75) female students, and to collect data, the researcher built two measures. The first measures the challenges faced by female students of the faculties of physical education and sports sciences when playing the futsal game with (12) items, while the second measures the abstention from participating in arbitration of the game matches, which amount to (10) items. Through use statistical methods, the data was processed, and the researcher concluded the following:
- The effectiveness of the two scales of the challenges faced by female students when playing the futsal game, and the scale of refraining from participating in the arbitration of futsal matches after reaching their construction according to the scientific steps.
- Female students of the faculties of physical education and sports sciences in the universities of the Kurdistan Region-Iraq face a high level of challenges when playing futsal.
- Female students of the faculties of physical education and sports sciences in the universities of the Kurdistan Region-Iraq are far from refereeing futsal matches at a high rate.
- The challenges facing female students of the faculties of physical education and sports sciences in the universities of the Kurdistan Region-Iraq significantly related to refraining from refereeing futsal matches

Search aim to:
- Building a self-assessment tool for the level of career growth for faculty members in the faculties of physical education and sports sciences.
- Building a measuring tool for the level of professional resources available to faculty members in the faculties of physical education and sports sciences.
- Identifying the level of self-evaluation of faculty members in the faculties of physical education and sports sciences for their career growth.
- Measuring the level of professional resources available to faculty members in the faculties of physical education and sports sciences from their point of view.
- Identifying the relationship between the career growth of faculty members in the faculties of physical education and sports sciences and the professional resources available to them.
The approach followed by the researcher is the descriptive approach with the two survey and correlation methods. The research community consisted of faculty members in the faculties of physical education and sports sciences from the University of Baghdad (boys and girls) and Al-Mustansiriya University, numbered (297) individuals. The main research sample included (206) teachers divided into sections (exploratory study sample - construction sample - application sample) with (6-120-80) teachers, respectively. To obtain the results, the researcher built two tools, one for the self-evaluation of career growth and the number of its paragraphs (12) paragraphs, the other to measure professional resources and the number of its paragraphs (10) paragraphs, through use of statistical methods through the statistical (SPSS) package, the researcher came to the following conclusions:
- The effectiveness of the self-assessment tool for career growth for teachers verified by subjecting it to scientific procedures for building measurement tools.
- The effectiveness of the tool for measuring the career resources of teachers verified by subjecting it to scientific procedures for building measurement tools.
- The teachers in the colleges of physical education and sports sciences in the universities of Baghdad and Al-Mustansiriya have a high level of self-evaluation of their career growth.
- Teaching staff in the colleges of physical education and sports sciences in the universities of Baghdad and Al-Mustansiriya have an average level of career resources.
- There is a correlation with significant significance between the self-evaluation of teachers in the colleges of physical education and sports sciences in the universities of Baghdad and Al-Mustansiriya. For their career growth and the career resources they possess.

The importance of the research lies in conducting a field study that dealt with the method of simulation and self-learning to encourage workers in the field of education to give students the largest role and give them the appropriate opportunity to develop their abilities and skills. The research aims to identify which of the two methods ispreferred in learning some technical catches in the game of freestyle wrestling for students relative to the curriculum of the wrestling teacher, and the researcher assumed there are Statistically significant differences between the results of the pre- and post-tests and in favor of the post-tests among the members of the three groups. The researcher used the experimental method in the method of the three equivalent groups to suit the nature of his research problem, and they are students of the third stage / Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences / Maysan University for the academic year (2022-2023), which numbered (41) students, so that the number of the main sample of the study reached (27) students by (65,854%) of the original community If homogeneity was performed on the sample as a whole, the totals were divided into three according to their weights, experimental first layer simulation method, and experimental second layer self-learning style and a control group followed the style of the wrestling teacher The strength of each group (9) players were distributed randomly and then conducted on them tribal tests and then the researcher conducted parity on the three groups to be distributed equally using the law of test analysis of variance (F), the main experiment was applied, the period of its implementation reached (10) weeks, by an educational unit per week out of a total of (15) weeks allocated for the second semester of the third stage, the number of units in each of the two curricula reached (10) educational units, and after the end of the main experiment period, the researcher conducted post-tests on the three groups to process the data statistically. The researcher reached the following conclusion: Learning in the style of simulation was the best in learning the freestyle wrestling grabs used in the research compared to the self-learning method and the method used by the teacher, and the researcher recommends: It is necessary to use the simulation method in teaching wrestling grabs in the faculties of physical education and sports sciences being the best in learning the grabs used under study.

The aim of the research is to:
- Structure two measurement tools that measure the first levels of job envy among the employees of the youth and sports directorates in Iraq and the second measures the levels of emotional solidarity in the Directorate.
- Identify the levels of job envy among employees of youth and sports directorates in Iraq from their point of view.
- Identify the levels of emotional solidarity in the youth and sports directorates in Iraq from the point of view of their employees.
- Identify the impact of job envy among youth and sports directorate employees on emotional solidarity in them.
The research community is represented by the employees of the youth and sports directorate in Iraq numbering (1147), who belong to (17) youth and sports directorate in Iraq. The main research sample consisted of (288) employees divided into three subsamples, namely (construction-application-reconnaissance) and (168-112-8) employees, respectively. To collect data, the two researchers construct two tools, the first measures job envy among the employees of the youth and sports directorates with a number of (12) paragraphs. The second measures emotional solidarity in the youth and sports directorates with a number of (10) paragraphs. After the completion of the construction protection in accordance with the scientific conditions and procedures, they applied to the application sample and the researchers extracted the data and processed it through Relying on the statistical package (SPSS), the two researchers concluded in light of this a set of conclusions, the most important of which are:
- The effectiveness of the tool for measuring job envy among employees of youth and sports directorates in Iraq and the tool for measuring emotional solidarity in youth and sports directorates after verifying their construction in accordance with scientific conditions and procedures.
- Employees of sports and sports directorates in Iraq have an average level of job envy.
- The youth and sports directorates in Iraq have an average level of emotional solidarity.
- There is a positive moral correlation between job envy and emotional solidarity, with the presence of a moral effect of job envy among employees of youth and sports directorates in emotional solidarity within them

The article aims to Constructing test of kicking accuracy for advanced soccer players, Finding scores and standard levels to test the accuracy of kicking the ball for the advanced football players of Nineveh Governorate clubs, As for the research procedures, the researcher used the descriptive survey method, and the research sample consisted of (150) players representing the clubs of (Mosul, Al-Hadbaa, Al-Baladiya, Al-Amwaj, Nineveh Workers, Rabia) in Nineveh Governorate, The researcher used the arithmetic mean, standard diviation, coefficient of variation, percentage, simple correlation coefficient, T-test for independent samples, and test Chi-square and standardized score (six-sigma) were used as statistical means ,The researcher reached the following conclusions , A test was developed to measure the accuracy of kicking the ball for advanced soccer players ,Scores and standard levels were reached for the players of Nineveh Governorate clubs to test the accuracy of kicking the ball .

The research aims to identify the effect of competitive games to teach the skills of the systematic handball game for the fourth grade of primary school, and the research used the experimental approach. A female officer and an experimental one, and it was adopted in the pre and post measurements to evaluate the technical performance through videotaping and presenting the performance to experts and specialists in the handball game. The main experiment was carried out over a period of four weeks and at the rate of two educational units per week. The pattern of competition is effective and has a positive effect on teaching the basic skills of sports games for primary school students, and the special competitive games prepared by the researchers have a positive effect on learning basic skills in the game of football within the curriculum for fourth grade students.

Studies continue in order to keep pace with the times, find solutions and seek to know treatments, whether natural or chemical, to overcome the diseases of the times and control the functional aspects in general because of their importance in the field of sports because of their contribution to the development of body systems and return them to normal, so the direction of the research goals was towards preparing exercises in the water medium and identifying As for the research hypotheses, they were about having statistically significant differences between the tribal test and the test of the variables under study of the research sample. Within the limits of the research problem, the researcher used the experimental method by designing one group with tribal and post-test on a sample of (6) football players recovering from the coronavirus from Anbar Governorate - Ramadi district who died during a period of 3-4 months who are 25-35 years old. The training program was implemented, which took the program took (8) weeks by (3) training units per week. The After the completion of the main experiment, the data was statistically processed and the researcher reached a number of conclusions: There is a positive impact on the development.the pulse and biocapacity index for athletes recovering from the Corona virus, and the most important recommendations were to adopt exercises in the water centre for athletes recovering from the Corona virus and other samples.

The importance of the research comes through the use of the method of competition in learning, which pushes the student to exert as much effort as possible in learning the skills, and through the experience of the researchers in the field of volleyball and the importance of school sports being the first link in the chain of correct skill building. Note that learning the basic skills In the volleyball game, it is not done appropriately, and the exercises used in learning the basic skills lack the achievement of the aspect of excitement and suspense, which is the main driver towards the learners’ interest in performance, so the researchers decided to use a group of competitive skill exercises to learn some basic skills in volleyball for middle school students. As an attempt to find an effective way for students to learn these skills in an appropriate manner, the researcher used the experimental approach to design the two equal groups. whose exercises are similar to the conditions of real competition, which contributed to increasing students' motivation towards performance, which contributed to learning the basic skills of volleyball.

The research aims to identify the effect of aerobic and anaerobic physical effort on some physical variables and speed of recovery among young and advanced football players. The researchers used a descriptive approach design on a sample that was deliberately selected because it continues to exercise and suits achieving the research objectives. They are football players of Al-Wahda Sports Club in Anbar Governorate. They numbered (24) players, and the research concluded that there are statistically significant differences in some physical abilities and speed of recovery for young and advanced football players, and for the benefit of advanced players. The researchers recommended the necessity of conducting measurements and tests periodically throughout the training and competition period to determine the levels of players in general, and to codify training programs with intensity. It is high during the preparation period for young players, because of its great importance in developing the physical level, and the necessity of using tests and measurements when selecting players for all sporting events, and conducting other similar studies that have not been used, and knowing their impact on other abilities and skills in football and for other age groups.

The aim of the research is to know the effect of using the strategies of overlapping waves and educational pillars in learning some types of shooting in basketball for fifth-grade middle school students. The research community was determined by the intentional method represented by fifth-grade middle school students in Al-Saydiyah middle school in the General Directorate of Baghdad Al-Karkh Secondary Education for the academic year (2021-2022). The number of students was (150), distributed among (4) study groups, and (75) students were chosen as a sample. They were chosen randomly and by lottery, so that (30) students were chosen from them for the exploratory experiments, and the number of members of the research sample was (45) students. They were distributed into three groups (two experimental groups and a control group). The two experimental groups consisted of (15) students each, while the control group consisted of (15) students. The researcher used an experimental design with equal groups with a pre- and post-test.
After conducting the scientific tests for the tests, conducting homogeneity and equivalence for the three groups in the pre-test, then applying the main experiment, after which the post-tests were conducted.
The curriculum of the educational units took eight weeks, and included two educational units per week for each group (experimental and control) under study. The time of the educational unit was (45) minutes, for the period from 24/10/2021 For the duration 14/12/2021. The researcher took into account when giving him the educational units during Lesson session: Graduation from ease to difficulty. The results were treated statistically using the Statistical Portfolio Program (SPSS) and some statistical laws in data analysis.
The three groups (experimental and control) implemented their educational method as follows:
1- The first experimental group applied the overlapping waves strategy (15) students.
2- The second experimental group applied the educational pillars strategy (15) students.
3- The third control group applied the usual method used by the physical education teacher (15) students.
The researcher used the statistical package (SPSS) and some statistical laws in analyzing the data.
The researcher concluded that the application of the overlapping waves and educational pillars strategies had a positive effect on learning some types of shooting in basketball for the fifth preparatory students compared to the control group. An improvement appeared in the two experimental groups and the control group in the performance level of the three skills (shooting from stability, shooting from jumping, peaceful shooting).
The researcher recommended encouraging teachers to use the strategies of overlapping waves and educational pillars in the various activities of the same school stage, and the need to adopt it in learning different skills.
Keywords: Strategy, overlapping waves, educational pillars, basketball, motor learning.

The development taking place in sports and its various types, and the achievement of achievements in various sports forums, it came through great effort and continuous scientific research, and by following sound scientific foundations, great sports and sports gains were achieved. The game of tennis, which has witnessed an increase in interest and rapid and noticeable development in recent years, is the game of tennis. Therefore, the importance of researching the numbers of strength exercises characterized by speed and explosive power for tennis players and identifying the effect of strength exercises characterized by speed and explosive power on the accuracy and speed of serves for tennis players. On the ground and identifying the effect of strength training exercises characterized by speed and explosive force on the speed of response and evaluating the players’ ability to return the serve in ground tennis, as the problem of the research was that the prepared exercises did not take into account the strength needed by the tennis player to achieve the technical performance correctly, which is reflected in the achievement. Such as exercises (strength characterized by speed and explosive force), speed and accuracy of the serve, and speed of response to returning the serve for the tennis player. The sample included (10) players from the youth category under the age of 20 who represent the entire research community of players affiliated with the Central Iraqi Tennis Federation in Baghdad. The researcher concluded by the study indicated that the proposed exercises have brought about a noticeable development in the speed of response. The exercises used have effectively affected the development of the speed and accuracy of the serve, an improvement in the skill of returning the serve, and the emergence of superiority of the right side over the left side in the post-tes.
Keywords: strength characterized by speed, explosive force, speed and accuracy of the serve, speed of response, evaluating the ability of players to return the serve in tennis.

The study aimed to identify the effectiveness of teaching proposed physical education curricula for the first grade of basic education in light of their physical, skill and cognitive needs, on a sample of (50) male and female students from AL-Rasheed Modern Schools in the capital, Sana'a.
The researchers used a semi-experimental approach approach to achieve the research goal . The researchers found that there were statistically significant differences in favor of the post-measurement in all physical, skill and cognitive variables, with the exception of the fourth question test for first grade boys. The researchers recommended the necessity of continuing to activate the proposed curriculum in Rasheed Schools and the possibility of generalizing it in all schools in the Sana'a capital Sanaa, since it had It is effective in developing students' physical, skill and cognitive abilities.

The study aims to identify the effect of proposed compound exercises on some physical abilities and the skill of catching rolling ground balls for soccer goalkeepers. It is assumed that there are statistically significant differences between the pre- and post-tests in some physical abilities and the skill of catching rolling ground balls for soccer goalkeepers, in favor of the post-tests. The research used the experimental method by designing one group with two pre- and post-tests. The research sample was determined intentionally for goalkeepers at Al-Rashid Football Academy in Anbar Governorate, Habbaniyah District, for the year (2023). The data was obtained using tests of throwing a (2) kilogram medical ball and jumping forward over A hurdle with a height of 35 centimetres, leaning in front of me for 10 seconds and catching rolling ground balls. After collecting data for the pre- and post-measurements and using the most appropriate statistical methods for the data processor, the research concluded that applying complex exercises using resistances had a direct impact on developing some physical abilities and the skill of catching ground balls. Rolling ball for soccer goalkeepers.
Keywords: compound exercises, physical abilities, catching rolling ground balls, Football goalkeepers.

The research included field procedures for special exercises in developing the motor and physical capabilities and the completion of the rating of the barriers of 400 m youth with ages (18- 19) year, as the objectives of the research were the effect of Special exercises in developing motor and physical capabilities such as agility, flexibility and compatibility, speed and endurance to run 400 m youth barriers with ages (18_19) year, and the researchers used the two researchers The experimental approach to the continuation of the research sample, where the number of the sample (6) was contestants from Baghdad Clubs and the National Center for Sports Care of Young Talents with ages (18- 19) a year from the community of origin for (8) From the two contestants (2) was removed for the exploratory experience, where the experimental approach of one group was approved, and the training program consisting of (16) training units was identified for eight weeks by the reality. Two units in the week on Sunday and Wednesday of each week according to the motor and physical exercises, then the tribal and dimensional tests were conducted for the research sample where the researchers concluded that there are statistically significant differences between kinetic and physical capabilities such as speed and carrying speed, as for agility, flexibility, And compatibility) for members of the sample and achievement in favor of the post -test, and therefore the researchers recommended attention to the motor and physical capabilities according to the type of effectiveness because of its effective role in improving the achievement and conducting a study Similar in other games from athletics, sons and other groups.
Keywords: kinetic and physical abilities, 400 meters barriers

The aim of the research was to identify (the effect of using some physical therapy methods in improving the range of motion of the joints of the lower limb in children with cerebral palsy). The research sample consisted of (9) patients from children with spastic cerebral palsy in Hodeidah Governorate who were chosen intentionally from the original research community. The researchers used the experimental method using pre-, inter- and post-measurement for one experimental group. The program application period lasted (6) months, with (26) weeks, each week having three rehabilitation sessions, session time (60) minutes.
The results showed that there were statistically significant differences between the pre-, intra- and post-measurements in the range of motion of the joints of the lower extremity, and in favor of the inter- and post-measurements, as the use of some physical therapy methods (therapeutic exercises - hydrotherapy - massage) led to improving the range of motion of the joints of the lower extremity (ankle - Knee) for children with cerebral palsy.
The researchers recommended the need to use the rehabilitation program under study in a standardized manner from the beginning of the discovery of cerebral palsy in the child in order to avoid an increase in the disease and reduce complications that may occur to the patient if the rehabilitation program is neglected, and to verify the effectiveness of the program.
Keywords: physical therapy methods, therapeutic exercises, aquatic exercises, massage, range of motion of the joints

After reviewing the scientific sources in the field of sports training and the game of basketball, the researchers noticed that ladder exercises play a major role in developing the physical and variables skill in the game of basketball, and that ladder exercises are fun and exciting exercises that inspire fun and create a spirit of competition for the players.
Therefore, the idea of research emerged to conduct an experimental scientific study of ladder exercises based on the foundations of sports training science to demonstrate the extent of their impact on physical variables and basic skills in the basketball game .
The search aims to do the following:
• Detecting the effect of ladder exercises with the arms on a number of physical variables for the players in the experimental group.
• Detecting the effect of ladder exercises with the arms on a number of basic skills for the players in the experimental group.
• Identifying the differences in the values of a number of physical variables and basic skills between the experimental and control groups in the post-test.
To achieve the research objectives, the researchers developed the following hypotheses:
• There are significant differences in the values of a number of physical variables in the experimental group between the pre-test and the post-test in favor of the post-test.
• There are significant differences in the values of a number of basic skills among the experimental group between the pre-test and the post-test in favor of the post-test.
• There are significant differences in a number of physical variables and basic skills in the post-test between the experimental and control groups in favor of the experimental group
The researchers used an experimental design with two equal groups. The research sample consisted of 16 players from the Zakho Sports Club participating in the Elite League. After that, pre-tests were conducted on the two research groups, which lasted two days. After that, the implementation of the two training curricula for the two research groups began, as the experimental group was implemented The stair exercises curriculum. As for the control group, they implemented the experimental curriculum prepared by the trainer. Implementing the curriculum took (8) weeks, with two intermediate sessions. The first and second sessions consisted of (4) weeks, with a load frequency of (3-1), and with (3) training units per week. Upon completion of the implementation of the two training curricula, the post-tests of physical and skill abilities were conducted, following the same procedures that were adopted in the pre-tests.
The researcher used the following statistical methods:
(arithmetic mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, skewness coefficient, simple correlation coefficient (Pearson), t-test for correlated and uncorrelated samples, percentage of evolution).
The researchers reached the following conclusions:
• The stair exercises with the arms carried out by the experimental group resulted in a development in physical characteristics (explosive strength of the arms, motor speed of the arms, coordination between the arm and the eye, strength characterized by speed of the arms, and strength extension of the arms).
• The ladder exercises carried out by the experimental group brought about a significant development in basic skills (scoring under the basket, scoring from free throws, dribbling between posts) and a non-significant improvement in physical characteristics (chest pass).
• The ladder exercises carried out by the experimental group brought about a significant improvement in the post-tests on the control group in a number of physical characteristics (motor speed of the arms, coordination between the arm and the eyes, strength characterized by speed in the arms, force extension of the arms) and a non-significant improvement in physical characteristics (explosive strength of the arms and force extension). For the arms).
• The ladder exercises carried out by the experimental group brought about a significant improvement in the post-tests of the control group in basic skills (free-throw scoring, under-the-basket scoring, and dribbling) and a non-significant improvement in physical characteristics (chest pass).
Key words : ladder Training , Basketball , skills based

The research aimed to prepare an educational program based on using the Woods model and to identify its effect on learning some floor movement skills in gymnastics for female students in the second stage of the Physical Education and Sports Sciences Department at Al-Maaref University in Anbar Governorate, Iraq. The researcher used an experimental method by designing two groups, a control group, and an experimental group, with a sample of 12 female students from the second stage, randomly divided into two groups of six students each. The educational program lasted for six weeks, with one teaching unit per week, in which the educational steps of the Woods model (prediction, observation, and interpretation) were applied in the educational section of the teaching unit. Afterward, the practical exercises prepared in the application section were applied. The researcher concluded that there is an effectiveness of the educational program using the Woods model in learning some floor movement skills in gymnastics for female students in the second stage of the Physical Education and Sports Sciences Department at Al-Maaref University in Anbar Governorate, Iraq.
Keywords: Woods model, Skills, Floor movments mat.

The study aimed to identify the effect of training in different sports environments on physical and motor abilities and the results of a table tennis race, and to identify the differences between them or not with regard to physical and motor abilities. The researcher used the descriptive approach in the style of a comparative study of reasons and in the method of pre- and post-measurement for two equal groups to suit the nature of this study. I chose a research sample from the research community, middle school students in Holy Karbala, numbering (415) students registered in the first semester of the academic year (2022-2023). In a deliberate manner, I selected (33) students from the table tennis players participating in the school tournament organized by the activity. The athlete and scout in the governorate were divided into two groups. The first group included (16) students from areas where different sporting environments exist, and the second group included (17) students from areas where these different sporting environments do not exist. The researcher conducted special physical tests as part of the main experiment. Then the two groups left for a period of (12) weeks, after which the researcher conducted post-tests, and the results showed the effectiveness of the presence of different sports environments in residential areas and their impact on improving the physical fitness elements of table tennis. It also showed the contribution of training in different sports environments in improving the skill performance of the first group through their victory. In the school championship, the researcher recommended the need to maintain training in facilities with different sports environments, whether youth, clubs, or sports institutions, for all players and for all games, as well as developing physical and skill programs that work to improve their physical fitness.
Keywords: different sports environments, physical abilities, motor abilities.

The importance of the current research is highlighted in studying the differences in the obstacles to achieving the goals of the educational process in the physical education lesson between male and female physical education teachers in the Koya district in middle schools.
The problem of the current research emerged in the lack of a questionnaire to identify the most important educational obstacles from the point of view of male and female teachers, as well as to identify the differences between male and female teachers in achieving the goals of the educational process from the point of view of male and female physical education teachers in middle schools in the Koya district in the Kurdistan region of Iraq.
The current research aims to:
- Identifying the statistical differences between in the obstacles to achieving the goals of the educational process in middle schools in Koya district.
The researcher assumed:
- There are statistically significant differences between physical education teachers in Koya district in achieving the goals of the educational process.
The researcher used the descriptive method in both survey and comparative methods to suit them and the nature of the current research.
The research community was represented by physical education teachers in Koya district, who numbered (130) male and female teachers for the academic year 2022/2023. As for the research sample, the researcher used the comprehensive inventory method to achieve the research objectives, as the research sample included (96) male and female teachers, who represent... A percentage of (73.84%) from the total research population, after excluding the stability, experimental, and exploratory samples for the research.
The researcher concluded the following:.
Female teachers face greater obstacles than male teachers in achieving the goals of the educational process in physical education lessons.
The researcher recommends the following:
- The need to alleviate the burden of male and female teachers by addressing the obstacles they face in achieving the goals of the educational process in the physical education lesson.
- Providing tools, devices and the ideal academic atmosphere in order to achieve the objectives of the educational process for the physical education lesson in middle schools in Koya district.
Keywords :educational method, middle schools ,physical education teachers.

The outcome of the football match depends on goalkeepers as they are Considered equal to each team when he keeps his goal clean, Therefore he requires physical abilities which are considered one of the important pillars that goalkeepers are used to train in order to help them develop their athletic performance. Among these abilities are explosive abilities. Then fore the research problem was crystalized through the researcher's observation being a player and coach, that there was a weakness in some physical abilities, including the explosive abilities of goalkeepers. Therefore the researchers decided to introduce special exercises to develop these abilities and skills among goalkeepers The research aims to prepare special exercises to develop the explosive ability and skill of hitting the ball with one hand among goalkeepers. The researcher
adopted the experimental method using the control and experimental groups. The Sample population included (5) first-class clubs, while the sample members were represented by (16) goalkeepers who were selected by the vertical method and they represent 100% of the sample population. (4) goalkeepers were taken for the exploratory experiment and were not excluded from the main experiment. Appropriate tests were used for the goalkeepers" explosive ability. and the skill of hitting the ball with one hand and the results were processed asing statistical methods. The researcher came up with the following conclusions:
-The exercises prepared by the researcher have a major role in developing the performance of goalkeepers. The researcher recommended the need to pay attention to explosive Power exercises for goalkeepers and in graded manner in repetitive Avaining during the training curricula. The results of the research also showed Improvement of explosive capabilities.
Keywords: explosive ability, Football goal Keepers, Special exercises.

The research aims to identify the effect of combinatorial exercises in improving some motor abilities and offensive skills in basketball. It also touched on basketball, which must have important levels of teaching and training aspects, including some motor abilities that require development through exercises to teach those abilities and some offensive skills, as The experimental approach was used with the design of the two control groups that followed traditional training, while the experimental group used harmonious training with the ball and without the ball and training for offensive skills. The study took place over a period of (12) weeks and after processing the pre- and post-measurements of the control and experimental groups. The results of the research showed an improvement in some motor abilities and offensive skills, and this is what the researcher attributes to the importance of using harmonic and skill exercises
Keywords: compatibility, basketball, compatibility abilities, learning, training

The importance of the study is evident in knowing the relationship between the level of emotional arousal and the technical performance of the hammer kick (Jiko-Juki) for Taekwondo players aged 18-20 years. The problem of the research was that the researcher is one of the players of the national Taekwondo team, and through his modest experience, he noticed that some players often fail to perform skill kicks despite having a good level that they enjoy, and that this failure may be attributed to weak interest in the psychological aspect. For players; Which leads to psychological emotions, including negative emotional arousal during performance The aim of the research was to find out the relationship between emotional arousal and the technical performance of the hammer kick (Jekko-Juki) for Taekwondo players aged 18-20 years. The hypothesis of the research was that there was a relationship between emotional arousal and the level of performance of the hammer kick (Jekko-Juki) for Taekwondo players aged 18- 20 years. The researcher used the descriptive method using the survey method to suit the nature of the problem to be addressed. The research population was represented by the Baghdad Taekwondo national team players, who numbered (24 players), while the research sample only was represented by the Baghdad national team players, aged 18-20 years, who numbered 15 players. The researcher used a measure of emotional arousal, and after presenting, analyzing and discussing the results of the research, the researcher concluded that there is a significant correlation between emotional arousal and the technical performance of the hammer kick (Jekko Jaki) for Taekwondo players aged 18-20 years. The researcher also recommended the need to pay attention to the psychological preparation of players.
Keywords: Emotional arousal, artistic performance, hammer kick, taekwondo

The importance of the research lies in paying attention to modern methods that take into account individual differences among students and choosing the most appropriate curricula and exercises that lead to achieving goals in the least effort and shortest time. The problem of the research lies in the weakness of the basic skills in the game of futsal, and that the teacher’s educational curriculum does not take into account the student’s representational system through which he receives information. The aim of the research is to identify the effect of skill exercises based on sensory modeling in learning some basic skills in futsal. The researcher used the experimental approach with equal groups. The research sample was students from Abdul Rahman bin Awf middle school, and the main experiment was carried out for the period from (3/3/2022 until 4/21/2022). After completing the experiment, the researcher reached the most important conclusions that the skill exercises used by the researcher led to an improvement in the students’ basic skills. The most important recommendations were the necessity of introducing teachers to the preference for sensory modeling for students, and developing educational curricula according to the degrees of their representational systems.
Keywords: Skill exercises, sensory modeling, basic skills in futsal football

The research aims to prepare anaerobic running exercises with a target time to improve personal endurance using the method of high-intensity interval training and the method of gradually increasing the training load. The researchers assumed that there are statistically significant differences between the pre- and post-tests in the personal endurance capacity of the two research groups. The researchers used the experimental method to suit the nature of the research and designed two equal groups for the pre- and post-test for the players of the Sports Talent Center under 18 years of age for athletics, affiliated with the Ministry of Youth and Sports, who numbered (10) players. The researchers divided the runners randomly, by lottery, into two equal groups, with (5) runners for each. One group is the experimental group and the other is the control group. The research sample was homogeneous in the variables of age, height, and weight, and the research tests were determined, namely the 800-meter test, the 300-meter test to measure short anaerobic endurance capacity, and the 400-meter test to measure long anaerobic endurance capacity. The training units were implemented with (3) training units per week and for a period of ( 8) weeks, bringing the total to (24 training units). The pre-measurement procedure was measured in the biokinetic variables to obtain data for each of these stages from the beginning of the race to the end of each stage, which is (number of steps - step length - step frequency - speed rate - time) and after After completing the main experiment, post-measurements were carried out and the results emerged, the most important of which was that exercises at a rate of three training units according to the target time for the specific working muscle groups were sufficient to achieve improved performance and improved muscular endurance.
Keywords: sports training, target time, special endurance, running 800 m.

This study aimed to determine the cardiorespiratory fitness levels of elementary school girls in Sana'a, Yemen, aged 10-12 years, and to investigate the presence of differences in cardiorespiratory fitness levels by age group. The study sample consisted of 530 girls. The 20-meter shuttle run test was used to measure cardiorespiratory fitness. the researchers used arithmetic means, standard deviations ,person's correlation coefficient , and Turkey's test to determine the significance of the differences The current study found that the cardiorespiratory fitness levels were in the healthy range. However, the study also found that there were statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) in cardiorespiratory fitness measurements according to the age variable, with the 10-year-old age group having higher VO2max values. The study recommends the design of additional physical activity programs, in addition to those dedicated to physical education classes, that are implemented daily within the school and work to increase physical activity, which is positively associated with increased cardiorespiratory fitness levels.
Keywords: Cardiorespiratory fitness, elementary school, Yemen.

The study aims to identify the effect of the teaching method with tactical approaches and the advantage of the effect compared to the traditional method for learning some organized group attack and defense plans in handball (exchanging attack positions and double passes) for students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at Anbar University. The research used the experimental method by designing two unequal control and experimental groups. In a number of pre- and post-tests and on a sample of third-grade students (boys) for the academic year 2023-2024, the main experiment was applied over a period of three weeks. The traditional exercises method was used for the control group, while the planned approaches method was used for the experimental group. Data for the pre- and post-measurements were collected using... A measurement form and statistically processed using appropriate statistical methods. The results showed the superiority of the teaching method using tactical approaches in learning some organized group attack and defense plans in handball for students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at Anbar University, The study recommended using the teaching method using tactical approaches to learn plans for exchanging attack positions and the double pass, due to its proven positive results.
Keywords: tactical approaches, exchanging attacking positions, double passing, handball.

The study aimed to identify the relationship between organizational culture and administrative organization among government school principals in Diyala Governorate from the teachers’ point of view. The study sample consisted of (108) male and female public school teachers who were randomly selected. To achieve the objectives of the study, a questionnaire was used. The results of the study indicated that the level of organizational culture and administrative practices among public school principals in Diyala Governorate was average from the teachers’ point of view. The results showed that there is a positive and statistically significant relationship of organizational culture to the administrative organization of public school principals in Diyala Governorate from the teachers’ point of view In light of the results, a set of recommendations were presented. There is a positive, statistically significant relationship of organizational culture on the administrative organization of school principals in Diyala Governorate from the point of view of teachers, and future studies should be conducted that address the impact of organizational culture on other variables and practices, such as the quality of administrative processes.
Keywords: organizational culture, administrative organization.

The study aimed to identify the effect of using the instrumental enrichment strategy in increasing the cognitive outcome of some biomechanical concepts among students of the Open Educational College (second stage). As for the research problem, through the researcher’s experience in teaching biomechanics to students of the second stage in the Open Educational College, there is a weakness in the students’ cognitive achievement. Due to biomechanical concepts and the lack of use of enrichment methods that contribute to developing the cognitive achievement of second-stage students, As for the hypothesis of the research, there were significant differences between the post-tests and in favor of the experimental group’s post-tests in using the enrichment strategy. Al-Wasili and its impact on increasing the cognitive outcome of some biomechanical concepts among students of the Open Educational College (second stage). The researcher used the experimental method and to suit it to the research problem, the research population was determined among the students of the Open Educational College (second stage), and they were divided into two experimental and control groups in a random manner, and in reality ( 10) male and female students for each group. The researcher used cognitive achievement forms that include during (8) weeks, with two educational units per week for the experimental group on two days.. The researcher used the Statistical Portfolio for the Social Sciences (SPSS).
Keyword: instrumental enrichment, cognitive outcome, biomechanical concepts.

The problem of rupture of the Achilles tendon in the ankle joint is one of the common injuries in football, because the foot is the one on which all the loads and pressures of sports training fall. The foot is considered the base on which the body rests, and therefore it is exposed to many and recurring sports injuries on football fields and elsewhere. Among other sports, a ruptured Achilles tendon injury may lead the injured player to not practice sports or play for long periods if he is not rehabilitated and trained in a solid scientific manner, as well as not strengthening the muscles surrounding and supporting the ankle joint, and these are factors that lead to injury. The primary goal of the research is to develop rehabilitation and physical exercises for Achilles tendon rupture in the ankle joint.
The study was conducted on a sample of (19-23) infected players.
The researcher used the experimental method (pre-post)
The researcher used the statistical method SPSS
The researcher concluded that rehabilitative and physical exercises had a positive effect on the balance and physical characteristics investigated and the injured returned to playing and competing.
The most important recommendations were to benefit from research procedures and the training curriculum, and the need to pay attention to the treatment and rehabilitation of Achilles tendon rupture in the foot joint in football players immediately after the injury.
Keywords: rehabilitation, Achilles tendon, ankle joint.

The study aimed to prepare exercises using the blended training method and their effect on some skill and physical abilities, and to know their effect on the level of motor expectation of volleyball players, while the hypotheses were that exercises prepared by the blended training method had a positive impact on some of the skill and physical abilities and the level of motor expectation of players, and that there are significant differences between The pre-test values and the post-test values in the variables investigated for the sample, and the results of the study confirmed that the combined exercises have a positive impact on the development of the skills of striking and defending the court for volleyball players. The researchers used the appropriate method, which is the experimental method, to suit the problem of the study, and the sample consisted of players of the university national team club. Anbar volleyball for the academic year 2023-2024. The research sample included (12) players. The researchers adopted the statistical package. The results were presented and discussed. The researchers achieved the goals and hypotheses of the research. Through the research, the researchers reached a set of conclusions and recommendations, the first of which is that exercises Integrated training has a positive effect in developing some of the skill and mental abilities of volleyball players. Secondly, the diversity in training methods and methods contributes to increasing the excitement, motivation and enthusiasm of the players in the research sample. The researchers recommend that attention should be given to developing a comprehensive training program for all components of the training process. This is called integrated training. Focusing on the physical and skill aspect in training curricula for their effective role in developing the general level of players, especially during the competition period..
Keywords: visual blocking exercises, motor anticipation, volleyball.

The aim of the research was to use the method of compound exercise in a multimedia manner and its impact on learning the skill of peaceful correction of fifth grade students applied as well as to identify the preference of each of the curriculum followed and the outputs of the proposed study, the study used experimental design with two control groups and experimental, as the research sample reached (30) students divided into two groups by (15) students each, and after the exploratory experiment and extracting the scientific foundations of the research variable conducted tribal tests, then the research sample applied its educational units of The number (16) in a period of (8) weeks and by two units per week and a time of (40) minutes, after which they were conducted post-tests, and then processing the results by the statistical means concerned, and the study resulted in it played an active role in the development of its only variable as well as its great superiority over the curriculum followed, and accordingly recommended, the need to adopt multimedia (educational videos) by teachers in the sports field because of its positive impact on the motor and skill behavior of the learner, and also The use of complex exercises as they are more specialized and closer realistic to the game or sports activity practiced
keywords: Compound exercises , Multimedia, My high scoring skills and peaceful basketball scoring

This study aimed to build and codify a test that measures the accuracy of the performance of the forward dimensional stroke in badminton and to find standard scores for it that give it confidence in its results. The researchers used the descriptive approach in the survey method on a sample of badminton players affiliated with the training center of Babil Governorate, Al-Mahawil District, where the sample number was (20 players). The exploratory experiment was conducted and then the codification process was conducted. The researchers used statistical methods to process the data using the statistical package (SPSS). The standard scores for the test were identified, which showed that they give the test confidence in its results. The researchers recommended using and applying the test to measure the accuracy skill of hitting the front dimensions with a shuttlecock, as it gives more accurate results than other old tests. They urged those in charge and specialists in this game to conduct similar research and studies to further advance the reality of this game. the game .
Keywords: legalization, forehand stroke, badminton.

The process of designing and building some skill tests from time to time has become a process worth the effort of research in order to introduce new tests characterized by scientific foundations that are consistent with the method and conditions of performance, the method of calculating their grade, and others based on modern science, and finally, the development of standards for these tests that benefit specialists in obtaining accurate results.
Therefore, the research aims to build tests for some of the basic skills in the game of football for players of Anbar clubs. The descriptive approach was used by the survey method on a sample of players from clubs in Anbar Governorate, football players from the clubs (Golan, Ramadi, Al-Fahd and Al-Sufiya), who numbered (106) players. The researcher By preparing two tests for the skills of controlling and dribbling the ball, the construction was achieved through statistical treatments of those tests. Designing and constructing tests to measure some of the basic skills of Anbar Governorate club players aged (18-20) years, which were:
 Accuracy of performing the football control skill.
 Accurate performance of football suppression skill.
He recommended codifying tests and constructing tests for other skills for the same sample and other samples for the same game.
Keywords: design and construction, basic skills, football