journal of Islamic science college

This research clarifies the biography of the Virgin Mary, peace be upon her, in Christian and Islamic sources. It describes the belief of Christians in her and the reasons that led them to extremism in looking at her, until they reached the point of worshipping and oblations. On the other hand, the moderate Islamic view of the Virgin Mary, peace be upon her, is presented, which places her in the position she deserves as a sincere, pure, believer in God

Praise be to God, Lord of the Worlds, and prayers and peace be upon our Master and Prophet, the Master of the Prophets and Messengers, who was sent as a mercy to the worlds, and upon his good and pure family and his chosen companions; And yet,
One of the things that we, the Muslims, are certain of is that the Islamic religion is the most perfect religion. It was revealed to the Prophet of Mercy, Muhammad (PBUH), and it includes in its origins and legislation everything that has to do with the details of life, and the concern for the human being was the cause of the true interest of Islam and the subject of its care; The Creator, the Mighty and Sublime, subjected everything to serve the needs of human beings. God made nature (the earth) and the terrains in it a home for man, with which he is spiritually and physically connected, but God did not leave man to live alone; rather He created in him the spirit of communication and integration with others and the love of social communication under various headings, starting from the family, to clan, tribe, village, city, and ending with the social and legal system that is known as the state.
The concern for the citizen or the individual is a pillar of the political system or what is known as the state; It is a basic pillar in addressing any dimension of the political system of any country throughout history. To comprehend the role of the citizens, the idea of the research came to shed light on their position, rights, and duties in the Islamic perspective.
Therefore, this research was divided into a preface dealing with the concept of citizen and citizenship in terms of language and terminology. The first demand in this paper was reviewing the types and divisions of citizens, while the second demand dealt with their rights, and the third demand came to describe their duties. Finally, conclusion and recommendations were presented.

This research includes revealing the most important general reasons for the emergence of atheism. An analytical field study of the phenomenon of the spread of atheism was in middle schools in Baghdad Governorate was presented, explaining its causes and repercussions. This paper presents solutions through recommendations which should be communicating to the concerned authorities to be properly addressed and prevent the spread of this dangerous phenomenon to the society. The questionnaire is a new academic work of its kind in Islamic studies. We chose to have this census in Baghdad Governorate, because it is not possible to include the entire Iraq with this research. We chose for the census a sample of 144 male and female Islamic education teachers. Then we extracted the results by adopting academic standards. We relied on a statistical program (SPSS) to sort the results and extract the percentages. After that, we analyzed the results according to scientific controls and wrote the necessary recommendations at the conclusion of the study

This research came with a review introduction which represents an explanation of the concepts of Arab, ancient, and contemporary Western atheism. After that came two chapters. The first chapter describes the types of atheism, its foundations, and its causes, where I explained all aspects related to this idea in a brief manner. The second chapter came to show the biography of Stephen Hawking, his scientific and philosophical ideas, and his atheistic views. At the end of the article, conclusions were presented.

This study is based on the study of the purpose of praise between two great poets، Ibn Al-Moataz، the Abbasid poet، and Tamim Ibn Al-Moez، the Fatimid poet. These two poets were provided with similar circumstances, whether concerning the artistic or the objective aspects. They were both princes and lived their lives in the middle of indulgence and care, which had a great effect on their poetries. Both of them were deprived of their right to assume the caliphate, due to circumstances specific to each of them. Then, they both turned to amusement and flirtation, to stay away from the atmosphere of the caliphate, and to be safe from the caliph’s punishment, because they were the first to succeed him. That is why they tended to playfulness and flirtation and used more of the embellishments and similes in their poetry, even though the pioneer was the poet caliph Ibn al-Mu’tazz. As for Prince Tamim, he was following in the footsteps of his cousin Ibn al-Mu’tazz (Because he claims that he traces his lineage back to Ali Ibn Abi Talib, may God bless his face). These matters had a great impact on the poetry of the two poets

The researcher dealt with the investigation of the treatise: “Qibsa Al-Ajlan and Salwa Al-Thaklan” by Abu al-Wafa’ Muhammad ibn Umar al- ‘Urdi al-Halabi. It is a brief treatise commenting on what was stated in al-Baydawi’s interpretation, and Saadi Jalbi’s footnote to it, when they interpreted the words of God Almighty:
(وَمَا يُعَمَّرُ مِن مُّعَمَّرٖ وَلَا يُنقَصُ مِنۡ عُمُرِهِۦٓ إِلَّا فِي كِتَٰبٍۚ إِنَّ ذَٰلِكَ عَلَى ٱللَّهِ يَسِيرٞ ) ]فاطر:11[
The researcher paved the way for this investigation with a brief introduction to the author of the treatise, a description of the manuscript, and an explanation of the methodology. Then, he presented the verified text, commenting on several points in the context, including the extraction and authentication of verses and hadiths, biographies of scholars. The approach involved deciphering some of the ambiguities of some structures, warning about some dogmatic issues contained in the treatise, and mentioning fragments of related interpretational issues and a range of obscure rhetorical implications. The research concluded by highlighting its most important findings and recommendations

This research aims to clarify the concept of cognition as one of the most important modern terms, by standing on the historical roots of this concept among the ancient Greek and Arab philosophers of linguists, grammarians, writers, rhetoricians, and fundamentalists. On the other hand, this research talks about the concept of cognition as a modern linguistic approach, its founder and pioneers, and those scientific and cognitive tributaries that formed this approach. The paper also describes the most important pillars, principles, and various theories of this modern linguistic approach.

This research focuses on the unusual words (gharīb) in "Umdat al-Hafazh" by as-Samīn al-Halabi (756 AH) as one of the most important topics in the field of Quranic sciences. It examines the role played by unusual words in explaining the interpretive meanings of words in the Quran, as well as their role in interpretation and clarifying different meanings and connotations in the contexts in which they appear. The research specifically addresses the concept of unusual words in the book "Umdat al-Hafazh" by as-Samīn al-Halabi, studying and analyzing their meanings, origins, interpretive implications, and their occurrences in various chapters of the Quran. The significance of this research lies in the linguistic and interpretive importance of unusual words, as well as the scholarly value of "Umdat al-Hafazh" by as-Samīn al-Halabi. It also considers the contemporary need for a comprehensive understanding of the Quran from all perspectives, where the interpretation of unusual words is equally important as the explanatory interpretation. The research employs an analytical study that includes practical examples from different chapters of the Quran where unusual words are mentioned, without limiting the focus to a specific chapter or section. The aim of the research is to define unusual words linguistically and conceptually, identify their types, explore the sources used by as-Samīn al-Halabi (756 AH) for unusual words in "Umdat al-Hafazh,", highlight his approach to dealing with unusual words in his commentary, and examine his stance in relation to ar-Raghib al-Asfahani, Abu Ubaydah, and Ibn Qutaybah.

One of the purposes of dialectical theology (scholastic theology, the science of speech; Arabic, Ilm Al- Kalām) is to establish evidence and remove ambiguities. One of the greatest ambiguities is that related to the belief in the influence of the planets and stars on human life, which has largely spread in both the levels of societies and media throughout the Islamic nations. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a theological, doctrinal study that sheds light on this ambiguity and responds to it.
This study provides an explanation to the generality of the divine will and that the stars and planets are among the greatest creations of God Almighty for the guidance of man in the perceptual sense. The Holy Qur’an denies the worship of the planets and stars and their influence on human life. Likewise, the honorable Sunnah of the Prophet combated this ambiguity through the noble Prophet’s hadiths. The present study reviews the opinions on astrology made by dialectical theologists, through reviewing their writings and judgements. The study shows that there are chemical, physical, and biological influences exerted by the sun and the moon on human life, but in a way that has nothing to do with that described in astrology books. It demonstrates the inconsistency of astrology in the face of logical questions, and that the universe is governed by the will of God Almighty.

The research is a collection of the Ahadith (sing. Hadith; the profit’s saying) that being were reported to be confirmed by the holy Quran. The research is made up of six sections. The first section mentions the Ahadith of the “Worships” that were confirmed by the Quran,. the The second section reviews the Ahadith that mentioned” Unseen Things” and confirmed by the Quran. The third sectiontreviews the “dDescriptions of the hHeaven” and that were confirmed by the Quran. The fourth section reviews the Hadiths related to the”Statuses of the People” and that were confirmed by the Quran. The fifth section reviews the Ahadith that mentioned the “righteousness, maintaining kinship ties, and manners” that were confirmed by the Quran. Finally, the last section reviews the Ahadith that described Marriage” that were confirmed by the Quran.

I wrote this research entitled (Witnesses in terms of acceptance and rejection in Islamic jurisprudence), in which I explained the approach that I followed, the meaning of witness, its legal ruling, its elements, and the conditions related to each element. Then I mentioned the issues related to the witnesses made by blind persons and the “one who is limited in slander if he repents”, as well as the witness of the father to his child, ‘ is their testimony accepted or rejected, . I mentioning the most correct opinion for each issue, and I concluded the research with a conclusion that included the most important results I reached, May God’s blessings and peace be upon our Master Muhammad and his family and all his companions.

Research Objectives: This research aims to identify the importance of the method in the formation of Islamic culture, the reasons for the setback that Muslims suffered after meeting with Western culture, and the necessity of restoring the integrative approach in the view of Ibn ʿᾹshūr in order to renew Islamic thought and achieve civilizational advancement.
Methodology: The analytical, historical and critical approaches were adopted in the investigation of the methodology of Sheikh Muḥammad Al-Fāḍil Ibn ʿᾹshūr in his article on the loss of the constituent link of Islamic culture following the encounter with Western culture, and ways to restore the integrative approach to transcend civilizational stagnation.
Results: The research concluded to the need to work on renewing Islamic culture in the current era after the loss of its unified approach, and the need to systematically distinguish between Muslims losing the spirit of their culture, and the loss of some cognitive components for the expected civilizational resurrection.
Originality: This research is a serious attempt to present an analytical and critical study of the Islamic culture approach in the reformist thought of Muḥammad Al-Fāḍil Ibn ʿᾹshūr by diagnosing the adverse effect between the Islamic and Western cultures and proposing methodological avenuesfor the Islamic culture to restore its renewal and creativity.

The This research aimed to identify the level of problem-solving skills among students at Charmo University,as well as to identify the. The differences in the level of problem –solving skills were analyzed according to the variables of gender (males,females), specialization (scientific,literary), stage (first, seventh), and age among university students. The research sample reached (300) male and female students, including (150) males and (150) females. The students were from the College of Education, College of Administration, and College of Applied Sciences for the academic year (2021-2022), who were selected by a stratified random method,. To achieve the research objectives, a problem-solving skill scale consisting of (33) items was used, after verifying its validity and reliability, after and the processing of the data using t-test for one and two samples. . The results indicate that the research sample has problem-solving skills, and there arewith statistically significant differences in the level of problem-solvingthese skills according to the gender variable in favor of females, and there. There are no statistically significant differences between students in solving problems according to the variables of (specialization, stage, and age). The researchers reachedr a number of recommendations and proposals.

Hermeneutics is a Western philosophical term used when interpreting religious and literary texts. Arab modernists used it and adopted it in their works as a theory and method for interpreting and exegesising the Qur’anic text. They made it a basis in their contemporary readings and their ideas under the pretext of a new reading of the Qur’anic text.
This research deals with the concepts of interpretation and exegesis in Islamic law, including their definitions linguistically and terminologically, explaining the difference between them.
It also includes the definition of the term hermeneutics, in language and terminology, along with its definition among philosophers, writers, and researchers in this field. Then, the paper explains the difference between the term hermeneutics, and its significance, based on interpretation and exegesis.

The study highlighted the importance and role of mosques in society, because of their strong impact on building society, establishing the state, spreading the Islamic call to all parts of the world, and grading the Hadiths in which mosques were mentioned, and explaining the degree of their chain of transmission. The study included two topics. The first topic is the importance of the mosque in society, and it contains three questions . The first question is the definition of the mosque and society linguistically and terminologically. The second equestion is the position of the mosque in society. The third question is The provisions of the Noble prophet's Mosque, which includes three items. the first is building the mosque, the second is the direction of the Qibla in the mosque, and the third is the expansion of the mosque. The second topic reviews Hadiths related to the mosques, and it contains three questions; the first is building the mosque, the second:is the prohilbition of seeking the lost in the mosque, and the third is the ostentation in mosques,. The research was then ended with the conclusions,.

The research aims to introduce implication, explain its types, point out its benefits, mention its applications according to Al-Hafiz Ibn Katheer, and review how he used it in his interpretation of the words of the Holy Qur’an. This research used the method of induction and analysis, by collecting the applications of implication that Ibn Kathir mentioned in his interpretation, studying them, and. comparing them with the sayings of the scholars. The study was divided into an introduction and three sections. The first section included an introduction to Ibn Kathir and his interpretation. The second section presented a definition to implication, its types, and its benefits. The third section investigated the applications of implication in the interpretation of Ibn Kathir. The study concluded with the results reached by the researcher, the most important of which are: 1- Implication is one of the tools for revealing and clarifying the meanings of the Qur’an, and extracting its wisdom and rulings. 2- Ibn Kathir, in the chapter on names and particles, has used it in its various types, in agreement with a number of scholars. 3- The term: “implication between prepositions” is the same as the term: “alternation among prepositions”; there is no difference. Based on the results, the researchers presented a number of recommendations.

Research in the field of terminology is one of the important matters in every science, including the science of jurisprudence. In this science, there are different terms, some of which are agreed upon among jurists, and some of which are specific to some of them. Among these special terms, the term “story of the doctrine”is a branch of the term “paths”, which is a term used by the Shafi’i’s. This is because some of their jurisprudential opinions may be conveyed by some of them in a different manner than what others transmit. Some may say: “There are two opinions on the issue”, reflecting a story of their doctrine,while others say ”It is rather one opinion, or view, or something else” . This, too, tells that their doctrine is different. This, and this transfer of these opinions, is what is called the story of the doctrine, and this disagreement may be discussed by the jurists in terms of preference. Some of them may prefer the method (path) of the Iraqis, while others may prefer the method of the Khorasanis. Those are the two basic schools in the Shafi’i doctrine on which this term was based and have the significant impact on the preferences.

The basis of the research is to extract the opinions of the greatest Imam Abu Hanifa Al-Numan (may God be pleased with him) from the book of Al-Athar written by Imam Muhammad bin Al-Hasan Al-Shaybani (may God be pleased with him). In this book, the latter narrated the Sunnah and the imprints of the Prophet with the chain of transmission of Imam Abu Hanifa from his sheikhs. The author then proved the sayings of the greatest Imam and his jurisprudential doctrine.The aims of the current research are as follows: 1 - Explaining a great aspect of the work of the Greatest Imam, which is that his doctrine is based primarily on the Sunnah of the Prophet and not on opinion, as is rumored. I presented a brief study on this topic, mentioning the title of the issue followed by the opinion of Imam Abu Hanifa on the issue.. 2 - Explaining the availability of the sayings (opinions) of the Great Imam clearly in the book of Al-Athar by Al-Shaybani. Th Among the recommendations for this research are the following: 1 - Holding workshops, seminars, and lectures to introduce people to the books of Muhammad bin Al-Hasan Al-Shaybani, in which the sayings of Imam Abu Hanifa were presented clearly and concisely, without lengthening or elaboration, so that people may benefit from them. 2 - Intensifying studies that present the sayings of the imams of the sects, as people in our time are eager for that, so that they are clear to the reader. 3 – Publishing, and facilitating access to, the books of Al-Shaybani which contain the sayings of the Great Imam, especially the Book of Al-Athar.

This research distinguished by shedding light on all that pertains to the Islamic nation in terms of characteristics, advantages, and virtues that differentiated it from previous nations. The research shows that this nation is distinguished, through its contents of investigations and ، subject matters. In the first topic, there are two conditionsthe first is that this nation has a great asset of faith that is greater than that in other nations, and for this meaning, the value of a Muslim is higher than the value of others. This is because differentiation occurs by faith; the second condition: is the complete certainty in God Almighty The second topic comes with two conditions: ; the first:is the general characteristics of the Muhammadan nation، In in which I explained most of what pertains to this nation, including: honoring it with special mercy, making it a moderate nation, the ease and perfection of its law, that it is the best nation raised for people, the presence of the tomb of our master Muhammad, may God bless him and grant him peace the mention of this nation in previous books, and others.
The second condition describes the detailed characteristics of devotional actions (prayer as a model) and the virtues included in the prayer, such as being the best of deeds, healing souls, communicating with the Lord of glory, accompanying our master Muhammad, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, in heaven, seeing God Almighty, and others.
I came to the conclusion that: the nation of our master Muhammad, may God bless him and grant him peace, and what it includes of characteristics that distinguished it from other nations, made the Muslim man with a sound faith free from ideological deviations.

The Qur’anic text is written in eloquent Arabic, being miraculous in its clarification and style. What increases its eminence is its Qur’anic verse-ending words (interludes; Arabic (singular), Al-Fasila). The Glorious Qur’an has attained perfection through the interconnectedness and coherence of its words and sentences. In addition, the rhymic verse-ending words come in harmony with what the speech indicates and have a relationship with the preceeding phrase. Some of this harmony is apparent, and some is extracted through careful contemplation. The Qur’anic verse-ending words are a manifestation of the miracle of the Holy Qur’an and one of the indications of its arrangement and description; They are tightly linked to the context of speech. Furthermore, they express intended, eloquent meanings that the context lacks and requires. The structure is only one of the means of producing meaning. The verbal structures, as linguistic material, are an essential pillar in the construction of the Arabic sentence in general, and the Qur’anic verse in particular. This is due to their temporal load , on the one hand, and the multiplicity of their structures and meanings, on the other hand. They represent a rhetorical style that has value in the textual structure of the Qur’anic discourse.
The verb form that is occurring as a Qur’anic vers-ending word in the Qur’anic text has multiple tasks other than informing and specifying time. This verbal structure may mean emphasis or approximation of the image, etc., while the context remains the true, broad stage for understanding time.