University of Thi-Qar Journal of Science

Diabetic mellitus (DM ) is a prevalent systemic disease affecting a human and animals. The effects of diabetes are devastating and well documented. The increased production and/or ineffective scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) may play a critical role in the development of diabetic complications. Therefore, it seems reasonable that antioxidants can play an important role in the improvement of diabetes. So, use medical ozone to study if it can regulate the oxidative complications of DM .The study was carried out on forty eight albino females rats included six groups Group I (Control) : 8 female rats were injected IP with citrate buffer (0.1 M, pH 5) daily for 6 weeks ,Group II (MO ): 8 female rats were injected IP 1.1 mg/kg b.w of MO daily for 6 weeks ,Group III (DM): 8 female rats induce diabetes by injection IP with freshly prepared alloxan 150 mg/kg b.w in citrate buffer (pH 5), Group IV(DM+MO): 8 diabetic female rats were injected IP 1.1 mg/kg b.w of MO daily for 6 weeks, group V(DM + Insulin): 8 diabetic female rats were injected subcutaneously 0.75 IU/100 g b.w. of Insulin daily for 6 weeks ,Group VI(DM +MO +Insulin):8diabetic female rats were injected IP 1.1 mg/kg b.w of MO and Insulin injected subcutaneously at a dose of 0.75 IU/100 g b.w , respectively daily for 6 weeks. experimental study parameters include antioxidant enzymes assay and histology the study for pancreas. The results of study recorded Medical Ozone injection at a dose of 1.1 mg save and showing a non-significant difference when compared (MO) group with the control group for the following parameters: Glucose level ,body weight , .At the same time, CAT, SOD and GSH , recorded a significant increase in the (MO)group compared to the control group, On the other hand, a significant decrease was recorded in MDA. Histology (MO) group showed normal pancreatic parenchyma; where normal islets of Langerhans and normal acinar also results of (DM+MO) group there was displaying nearly normal structure with some focal necrosis of islets of Langerhans on ,the other hand (DM+MO+Insulin) group Section of pancreas showed marked improvement with Langerhans normal pancreatic parenchyma; normal islets of Langerhans and normal acinar cell ,so that both Medical Ozone and Insulin used separately or together, can be useful in improves survival of some pancreatic cells.

Cryptosporidium parvum is a widespread opportunistic parasite belonging to the family Apicomplexa. It completes its life cycle in a single host and is frequently found in immunocompromised individuals, especially in patients with cancer. The objectives of this research were to determine the prevalence of Cryptosporidium parvum infection among cancer patients in the Thi-Qar Province of Iraq, using the modified Ziehl-Neelsen (MZN) stain. The study included 300 stool samples, with 200 collected from patients with cancer and 100 from healthy individuals (the control group). Based on the modified acid-fast stain, the results showed that the rate of infection with Cryptosporidium parvum among cancer patients was 54.0% (108/200), compared to 30.0% (30/100) in the control group. There were statistically significant differences between the two groups. The percentage of infection among male cancer patients was higher than females, but there were no significant differences between them, with percentages of 57.14% and 52.03%, respectively. Regarding age groups, Cryptosporidium parvum affected individuals across all age groups in different proportions. The study showed that the highest infection rate among the age groups was observed in individuals aged ≥60 years, at a rate of 64.44%. The lowest infection rate was found in the age group ≤20 years, at a rate of 35.71%. Analyzing the number of chemotherapy doses received, the results showed that the infection rate was higher in patients who received half or more than half of the chemotherapy doses. Among those who received 16-20 doses, the infection rate was 64.0%, and for those who received 21-25 doses, it was 62.50%. The lowest rate was observed in patients who received 1-5 doses, with a percentage of 49.02%

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a widespread condition that poses a major threat to human health. With substantial public health costs, severe morbidity, and mortality, CKD prevalence is increasing. The study aimed to look at NLRP3 inflammasome , hsCRP , Urea , Creatinine, Uric acid and GFR levels. Serum NLRP3 inflammasome , hsCRP , Urea , Creatinine, Uric acid and GFR levels were determined in 90 patients with Chronic Kidney Diseases (CKD) , and 85 healthy subjects, an age range (30-75). The results of current study show a significant increase in the concentration of serum NLRP3 inflammasome, hs-CRP, urea , creatinine and uric acid in (CKD) patients group in comparison with controls group (p<0.05). While shows a significant decrease in GRF in (CKD) patients group in comparison with controls group (p<0.05). The aim of this study is estimated the NLRP3 inflammasome , Inflammation marker , kidney function tests and Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in patients with Chronic Kidney Disease.

This study aims to assess the levels of contamination of agricultural soils with heavy elements (cobalt, copper, iron, nickel, cadmium, and lead) in three regions in Thi-Qar Governorate, Southern Iraq. These three regions are Al-Gharraf, Al-Islah, and Al-Batha. The study was done by using the pollution indicators, which are geographical pollution index (Igeo), contamination degree (Cd), contamination factor (Cf), pollution load index (PLI), potential ecological risk factor (Er), and finally, risk index (RI). From each region, four soil samples were collected from holes 25 cm deep, separated by a distance of 500 meters. After the digestion process of the samples, the concentrations of the studied elements were measured by flam atomic absorption spectrometer (FAAS). The results showed that the average heavy metal concentrations for all samples were (365.810, 96.424, 41.36, 11.919, 5.194 and 0.352 mg/kg). They were in the following order Fe > Ni > Cu >Co > Pb > Cd, respectively. The concentrations of heavy metals in the study areas were all within the limits allowed by the World Health Organization (WHO) except for 8.3% of the studied areas that were beyond the permissible limits for cadmium only. The reason for the increase in cadmium concentrations in some areas could be due to sewage, industrial emissions and agricultural practices. According to the Igeo values, the levels of minerals studied for the three regions followed the following order Cd > Cu > Co > Pb > N i> Fe. It was noted also that the maximum value of the pollution factor (Cf) is at the S10 site of the element cadmium, which is equal to 120, indicates that this soil is highly polluted, while it was noted that the minimum level of Er is in the site of soil S11 for the element nickel, which is equal to 0.425, and indicates that this site is low in pollution. By calculating the values of all the indicators that were calculated during the study, it was found that the agricultural soils that were studied in Thi-Qar Governorate are not polluted by the elements Pb, Cu, Co, Ni and Fe except for cadmium, as the soils were low to highly polluted with this element.

The most frequent early pregnancy problem threatened abortion, affects 20% of pregnancies. Vaginal bleeding may be present, together with or without abdominal cramps. Women who are getting older, smoking, being overweight or obese, having PCOS, and having had an abortion in the past are danger signs for a potential abortion. The Physiology of the disease has been linked to alterations in cytokine concentrations or weakened maternal immunity. By taking the clinical history into account, determine the therapy options and provide crucial information for the prognosis, the physical examination, the biochemistry of the mother's serum, and the results of the ultrasound. The most popular advice is to stay in bed, but its usefulness is not well supported. Progesterone, vitamin D, and folic acid are further alternatives.

On the basis of alkyl alcohol and eipchlorohydrine three novel multi-alkyl quaternary-ammonium salt cationic surfactants have been created. 1H-NMR and FTIR spectrometry researches are used on this investigation. Artificial products structures are confirmed by FTIR and 1H-NMR spectrometries. There is an increase in alkyl group in the order C4 < C6 < C8. This growth is used to pick out the decline in critical micelle concentration (CMC), which discovered that the higher the floor features, the bigger the alkyl group. MTT cytotoxicity assay is used to assess the organic efficacy of Gemini surfactants as well as estimating their toxicity. Compound A3 was discovered to has a high impact on MCF-breast most cancers cell line. It reached the best rate of inhibition of 27.28% - 5.4% with concentration 25 – 400 µg ml-1, in comparison with compounds A1 and A2. The rate of inhibition for A1 is 36.3% - 5.3% with concentration 25 – 400 µg ml-1. The rate of inhibition for A2 is 48.9% - 5.6 % with concentration 25 – 400 µg ml-1.

Helicobacter pylori infection causes generally gastric illnesses, however from the beginning of 1994, a few researchers have detailed a relationship of H. pylori with other systemic manifestations are outside stomach include various extra gastric appearances, for e.g., neurological, dermatological, hematologic, visual, cardiovascular, metabolic, hypersensitive, and hepatobiliary diseases. In this study, blood parameters, lipid profile, and fasting glucose were measured for patients with coronary artery disease with H. pylori, and the relationship of H. pylori with lipids, which is considered a risk factor for coronary artery disease, was measured. 150 people participated in the current study, and they were divided into three groups: The first group had arterial disease. coronary artery disease with H. pylori 50 people, the second group had coronary artery disease without H. pylori 50 people, the third group the control group 50 people. The samples were obtained from the heart center in Nasiriyah. Risk factors were taken into account: which included age, gender, smoking status, high blood pressure, and diabetes. In the first group, the number of males was 28 (56%) and females 22 (44%) with an average age of 72.60 ± 18.97, the second group had a number of males 33 (66%) and females 17 (34%) with an average age of 71.70 ± 21.06, the third group the number of males was 28 (56%) and females 22 (44%) with an average age of 55.44 ± 18.53. There were statistically significant differences (p≤0.05) in the mean lipid profile compared between the study groups. The causes of hyperlipidemia were found in patients with H. pylori who had coronary artery disease

Biofuels have attracted a lot of attention due to the growing demand for energy resources and concerns about greenhouse gas emissions. Unlike other green energy resources, biofuels like bioethanol, can provide liquid fuels that is essential for transportation. Second-generation bioethanol can be produced from lignocellulosic biomass through acid hydrolysis and fermentation. Lignocellulosic biomass is widely available and does not affect on the nutritional needs of agricultural crops. In this study, the aquatic plant Ceratophyllum demersum was used. Ceratophyllum demersum is a type of invasive aquatic plant that can live in fresh and brackish waters, and it is abundant in most regions of southern Iraq. The bioethanol with the highest concentration was identified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that 14% of bioethanol was produced in the absence of acid hydrolysis, while the concentration of it increased to 25% with the presence of acid hydrolysis. Acid hydrolysis aims to increase the breaking bonds of lignin and hemicellulose, increase the porosity of the material, and damage the crystalline structure of cellulose, and thus facilitates its conversion to glucose and increases the percentage of ethanol production.

Employees in the healthcare industry operate in one of the riskiest workplaces Healthcare employees suffer a number of dangers as a result of their job last activities in addition to the usual workplace-related risks. These risks come from a variety of sources including biological, physical, psychological, and chemical agents. The study's objectives were to investigate the levels of knowledge held by medical and paramedical personnel regarding occupational dangers in their workplaces. Moreover, the relationships between various demographic characteristics of these staff members and their knowledge of such hazards were investigated. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in hospitals, During the period of November 5th, 2022 to February 10th, 2023. A number of 355 people were participated in the study, information about (Knowledge) the data was collected through a structured questionnaire and the data was collected using self-report Technique. Regarding the Knowledge, the results of the present study showed that all responses regarding the preceding domain had a moderate evaluation. Also, the result show that the health care worker knowledge impact with education level and the year of age and year of experience. Depending on the collected results, it can be concluded that the medical and paramedical staff had below good (moderate) Knowledge regarding the occupational hazards in their working environment

The nosocomial infection Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) can infect both healthcare workers and patients and have an impact on the standard of treatment offered in hospitals.
The study aims to Identify the relations between the attitudes, and commitment of healthcare workers to prevent methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and sociodemographic characteristics.
A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out for 362 healthcare workers randomly chosen from four hospitals and distributed as follows: 125 from Nasiriyah Teaching Hospital, 80 from Al-Hussein Teaching Hospital, 80 from Al-Haboubi Teaching Hospital and 77 from Souk Al-Shuyoukh General Hospital Between October 1, 2022, to May 1, 2023, and data was collected using a self-report paper-based questionnaire.
Our findings indicated that 75.1% of the participants have neutral attitudes concerning MRSA infection. The relationships between attitudes and age, education, marital status, job title, and years of service were statistically significant (P <0.05).
Healthcare workers' commitment were generally moderated. The participant's commitment to MRSA infection prevention was significantly correlated (P <0.05) with their age, education level, job title, and shift time.

The most prevalent type of diabetes disease is type 2. It resulted through cells' failure for recognizing and responding to insulin, which can increase the risk of this disease if improperly managed. This work seeks to assess few biochemical variables connected to glycemic index in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). In this study, certain biochemical markers were taken from 37 patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). In the current study, lipid profile, kidney function, insulin, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood sugar (FBS), uric acid, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and cortisol hormone were measured. The blood serum of the 37 patients were taken from diabetic center in Yarmouk hospital and 27 control sample were taken from healthy people in the University of Baghdad. The ages for healthy and unhealthy patients were (19 to 47 ) years old. The results showed that, diabetic participants had higher HbA1c, FBS, HOMA-IR, cortisol, urea, uric acid, lipid profile, and creatinine levels comparing to the control samples at P≤0.05. We concluded from this study, abnormally elevated levels of serum cortisol, FBS, HbA1c, and insulin. Increasing HOMA-IR indicated that IR is a risk factor for T2DM development. This work revealed a relationship between T2DM and kidney function parameters. It was found that patients with T2D having higher levels of creatinine and urea.

The present study includes synthesized of some pyridin-2(1H)- one of 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) ethan-1-one. The [ 6-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) - 4 - (4-methoxyphenyl) - 2 - oxo-1,2-dihydropyridine - 3- carbonitrile, 4 - (4-bromophenyl) - 6 -(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-oxo-1,2- dihydropyridine - 3- carbonitrile, 4 - (4-bromophenyl) – 6 - (4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-oxo-1, 2 - dihydropyridine - 3-carbonitrile] derivatives have been synthesized by cyclization reaction of the 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethan-1-one with various aldehydes (4-methoxy benzaldehyde, 4-bromo benzaldehyde ,4-dimethyamino benzaldehyde) respectively and ethyl cyanoacetate in the presence of ammonium acetate. The structures of the prepared compounds were confirmed by the different available spectroscopic methods, such as FTIR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and mass spectroscopy. The physical properties were assessed. The antioxidant activity of the synthesized compounds was evaluated by the use of 2,2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl. The compounds 4-(4-bromophenyl)-6-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carbonitrile,and4-(4-bromophenyl)-6-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carbonitrile, showed the highest activity as antioxidants (79.05, 67.28)%, which can be compared with ascorbic acid 82.71%, while the antioxidant activity of compound 6-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carbonitrile, showed less effectiveness for the antioxidant 17.55% at a concentration of 12 ppm. Also, the prepared compounds were assessed for in vitro biological activity against the two types of bacteria [staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli] respectively which displayed moderate inhibition. In an attempt to understand the ligand–protein interactions in terms of the binding affinity, docking studies were performed using Py-Rx and BIOVIA\Discovery Studio 2021 for the compounds. the binding affinities calculated were in agreement with the minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] values

Background: Neuroblastoma, the more most common extracranialextra-cranial malignant pediatric solid tumor and one with a high mortality rate. Children suffering from Neuroblastoma after chemotherapy suffer from anemia, severe infections, and effects on some organs of the body. Therefore, the current study aims to study the effect of chemotherapy on inflammatory factor (high-sensitivity C-reactive Protein), some hematological parameters such as white blood cells, platelets, and hemoglobin, and some kidney function such as urea and Creatinine in children with Neuroblastoma before and after three cycles of chemotherapy.
Materials and methods: 70 cases were divided into three groups: Group A; 35 healthy children are included as a control group., and group B; consists of 35 newly diagnosed patients and group C; following three chemotherapy rounds (same patients newly diagnosed), with an age range offrom 2 months to 12 years. They had attended Basrah Specialist Hospital for Children from May 2022 to the end of March 2023. Results: When compared to the control group, the results of the current study showed a significant rise (p˂0.05) in the levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, , white blood cells, and platelets in the sera samples of patients with Neuroblastoma, before chemotherapy. When compared to the control group, the results demonstrated that the levels of hemoglobin in the sera samples of patients with Neuroblastoma before chemotherapy had decreased statistically significantly (p˂0.05). On the other hand, the data showed decreased levels, in each of the following parameters in Neuroblastoma patients after receiving three chemotherapeutic doses: body mass index, white blood cells, and platelets, while that levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein remain constantly rising after chemotherapy, whereas hemoglobin levels remain constantly low after treatment, whereas Creatinine and urea levels remain as they were at the time of diagnosis.
Conclusion: This study came to the conclusion that Neuroblastoma treatment considerably changed a number of hematological markers and hs-crp. Consequently, it is essential to monitor these signs.

This study aims to shed light on the generality types of urinary bladder cancer in the city of Nasiriyah / Thi-Qar Province – Iraq. The study includes cases that were registered in the Department of Pathology in Al-Hussein Teaching Hospital and Private Laboratories. Patient records were analyzed for information regarding age, sex, residence, and cancer type. A total of 114 sufferers of bladder cancer were obtained. The data taking period was from January 1, 2021 to April 30, 2022. Tumors were diagnosed mainly in the private laboratories of two consultant pathologists in Nasiriyah. The results showed 107 (93.86%) transitional cell carcinomas with a mean age of 47 years, in addition to 6 (5.26%) squamous cell carcinomas with a mean age of 69 years and 1 adenocarcinoma (0.88%) at the age of 51 years. Out of all cancer cases, males accounted for 74.56% whilst females accounted for 25.44%, indicating a male to female ratio of 4:1. Additionally, males showed a clear dominance in the totality of the histological grades. The age range with the highest number of cancer cases was between 70-79 years old (n = 37; 32.45%), while the age range with the lowest number of cases was between 23-39 years old (n = 3; 2.63%). The current study concluded that the majority types of bladder cancer in the city of Nasiriyah / Thi-Qar Province - Iraq are transitional cell carcinomas with an average age of 47 years. Among all cancers, males had the highest incidence. The greatest number of cancers was in the category age 70-79 years, and the slightest was in the category age 23-39 years.

The relationship between obesity and COVID-19 is controversial. In addition, the disease’s relationship to sex and re-infection is not fully understood. This study investigated the demographic characteristics of 120 patients in the age range from 27 to 70 years old, without chronic disease, who were infected with COVID-19 and treated at Al-Hussein Teaching Hospital in Thi-Qar Province/Southern of Iraq. In this study, the male increased non-significantly than female 55.83% 44.17% respectively. The infected females had a higher BMI (29.1 ± 6.07kg/m2) than males (26.7 ± 5.99 kg/m2); 12.5% of the male patients and 0.83% of the female patients were previously infected with COVID-19; and 12.5% of the patients and 7.5% of female patients were previously vaccinated against COVID-19. The study noted a positive relationship between BMI and disease severity in both male and female patients and that males had a higher percentage of severe disease than females. The study identified age and BMI had association with disease severity, that COVID-19 occurred more in males than females, and that 80% of patients were not vaccinated against COVID-19

A new ligand 2-{5-[2-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)hydrazinyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl}phenol (L) was prepared and characterized by Infrared Spectra, H1 Nuclear magnatic resonance, C13 Nuclear magnatic resonance , and mass spectroscopy. ligand was used as chelating ligand to prepare some of transition metal complexes with Ni(II), Co(II), and Cr(III). The prepared complexes were characterized by FTIR, mass spectroscopy and conductance measurement. The hyper chem. program 7.51 was used for theoretical study using PM3 methodor the purpose of this study,. Regarding the information obtained about the complexes, we can suggest the octahedral geometry for Cr (III) complex, tetrahedral geometry for Co(II) and square planer for Ni(II). The effectiveness of these ligands against the breast cancer was studied and showed excellent results. the most active derivatives of 1,3,4-oxadiazole exceeded the effect of reference drugs, so they may become the main new anti-cancer drugs in the future.

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a complicated ruminant pathogen that naturally infects cattle, goats, sheep, buffalo, pigs, camelids, and wild ruminants. BVDV infection causes serious financial losses, directly due to the high mortality and morbidity rates caused by fatal mucosal disease and immunosuppression. The BVDV can be divided, based on antigenic and genetic differences, into three genotypes: Bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 (BVDV-1), Bovine viral diarrhea virus 2 (BVDV-2), and Bovine viral diarrhea virus 3 (BVDV-3). From September 2022 to May 2023, blood samples (225) were randomly collected from unvaccinated cattle from various regions within Thi-Qar province, Iraq. By-nested RT-PCR results showed that the dissemination of the bovine viral diarrhea virus in Thi-Qar province was 19.11% (43 out of 225). The infection rate of BVDV genotype I was 17.33%, while that of BVDV genotype II was 1.78%.

House flies carry many disease-causing bacteria. Through this study, we will find the relationship between house flies and bacteria that cause diarrhea in children. A total of three hundred and fifty flies were collected from (butchers, chicken and fish shops, markets, house and hospitals) and 200 samples were collected from children with diarrhea from each of Shatrah and Nasiriyah Governorate during the research period from July 2022 to January 2023 in Thi-Qar Governorate. The current study showed that 126 (36.0 %) of the flies carried bacteria, while 224 (64.0 %) of them did not contain bacteria. The current study showed that the percentage of high isolated bacteria was from the internal content of flies (8.71%), followed by(5.57%), on the external surface of flies. the present study showed the high isolated bacteria were from butcher (4.29%), following in hospital (4.0%),while the lowest isolated bacteria from flies collected from houses( 2.86%), The current study showed that the most isolated bacteria is E. coli with a percentage of( 24.3%), followed by S. aureus (17.0%), followed by Klebsiella. spp (13.15%), while the least isolated bacteria is Micrococcus (3.94%).When comparing the bacteria present in flies with the bacteria isolated from pediatric patients with diarrhea, these bacteria, the current study showed that the predominant bacteria was Escherichia coli from diarrhea with a percentage of (44.63%), and Escherichia coli was (36.27%) in the dominant flies. Staphylococcus aureus in flies followed (25.49%), while diarrhea followed (16.53%). On the other hand, the least dominant bacterial species was S. pyogen in both diarrhea and diarrheal flies with (8.82% )and (9.09%), respectively .This study proved that house flies are carriers of pathological bacteria that cause diarrhea in children under the age of ten, and the infection rate was higher among children under one year of age. The proportion of bacteria was higher

In this study, we reported on the effect of the internal magnetic field arising from magnetic particles added to zinc oxide in certain proportions, which led to an improvement in the performance of the dye solar cell, We found that the magnetic effect It is the main factor that improves the ability to transfer electrons generated from the separation process between (electron-hole) pairs, And reduce the process of reunification between electrons and holes, The efficiency of the cell with a pure electrode was (1.38%), while the highest efficiency we got after doping was when doping with a ratio (97%ZnO+3%MnCoFeO4) reached (1.7%), i.e. the percentage increase in efficiency (23%).

Antibiotics are chemicals or natural compounds that act by fighting various types of bacterial infections including urinary tract infection in pregnant women which is considered the most vulnerable patients to such infection due to several factors which may be hormonal, anatomical etc. The aim of this recent study is to confirm a pattern of antibiotic selection used for urinary tract infection in pregnant women in Nasiriya city- South of Iraq. Ninety pharmacies were asked about the antibiotics prescribed for their patients, the doses, dosage form, dose frequency, concomitant drugs (aim from administration of these drugs with antibiotics) and adverse effect. The study period was extended from January2022 till August 2022. From this study , the most dispensed antibiotics ware Cefexime 35.5% in a dose 400 mg capsule every twelve hours and the most frequently prescribed dosage form according to the physicians feedback and the analysis of the data was displayed the oral administration either (tablets or capsules) and it is less commonly prescribed are parenteral antibiotics . In this work cefixime was the most dispended with a percent (35.5) cefixime may be due to it because there is more prescription due to safety during pregnancy, also it available in pharmacies

In this work, total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN) and organic matter (OM) were detected in the sediment of Euphrates River in different period’s time. Then we did the analysis and the characterization of these pollutants for this river. In addition, determine relationship between the sediment of the water period and the pore-water was explained in detail . The findings of this study showed that the sediment levels of total phosphorus in Euphrates river were 2.05 ~ 6.50 mg/g, 1.65 ~ 3.17 mg/g and 0.71 ~ 0.93 mg/g the sediment levels of total nitrogen were 5.06 ~ 8.98 mg/g, 6.07 ~ 8.56 mg/g and 5.02 ~ 7.99 mg/g. Also, organic matter levels in sediment were 40.54 ~ 70.1 mg/g, 58.70 ~ 85.63 mg/g and 11.32 ~ 30.17 mg/g in dry season, water period and wet season respectively. Clearly, from that analysis and comparison of pollutants level, the sediment of Euphrates River is the main source of contamination. This may be able to result from increasing the human activities and the increment of industrial actions in this region.

An ethnobotanical survey was conducted to identify and document the plants used in the treatment of haemorrhoids in North-Central, Nigeria. A total of three hundred (300) respondents among whom were herb sellers, herbalists, and traditional medicinal practitioners were consulted and interviewed with the help of structured questionnaires to collect data on the plant species from them. Data were represented tables, bar and pie charts and analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequencies and percentages). A total of forty-eight (48) plant species from twenty-seven (27) families were found to be useful in treatment of haemorrhoids in the area under the study. The most prominent among these being members of the family Euphorbiaceae with 4 species, indicating the utmost importance of this family in the cure of haemorrhoids. Followed by families Amaranthaceae, Compositae, Fabaceae and Meliaceae with 3 species each. The plants were identified using botanical, and common names, and the parts of the plant used were also identified. The study revealed that traditional medicinal practices were widely accepted among the people in the study area, probably because they believed in their effectiveness. The plant parts used ranged from root (8.30%), whole plants (8.30%), leaves (43.80%), stem bark (4.24%), bark (10.43%), stem (6.25%) to fruits, young leaves, stem bark leaves, bulb, fruit cub, juice, leaves and juice, shaft of seeds, and bark and leaves at 2.08% each. Further research should be carried out to identify more plant species in the area that can be used to treat haemorrhoids.

In this paper, we present a numerical approach to solve the GNLSE and analyze soliton interaction phenomena using COMSOL environment. By leveraging the capabilities of COMSOL's PDE module, we can accurately capture the dynamics of solitons and investigate their interactions. We analyze the impact of different parameters such as soliton power, initial separation distance, and dispersion characteristics on the soliton dynamics. Furthermore, we examine the role of higher-order dispersion terms in shaping the soliton interactions. Our findings demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed numerical approach in accurately simulating and analyzing soliton interaction phenomena. The COMSOL-based methodology provides a flexible and efficient framework for studying complex nonlinear optical systems, enabling researchers to gain insights into the behavior of solitons in different media and design optimized communication systems. This paper contributes to the understanding of soliton dynamics and provides a practical tool for investigating the behavior of solitons in nonlinear dispersive media. The presented numerical approach using COMSOL opens avenues for further research in nonlinear optics and fiber optic communication systems.

The synthesis of germanium nanoparticles (Ge NPs) through pulsed laser ablation in deionized water is investigated for Nanophotonics and optoelectronic applications. This study delves into the influence of laser pulse energy on Ge NP properties, specifically highlighting size control and optical characteristics. Our findings reveal a significant reduction in Ge NP size, from an initial 30 nm to 20 nm, as the laser pulse energy increases. Notably, we observed size-dependent blue luminescence from the synthesized Ge NPs. This controlled synthesis holds promise for optoelectronics and sensing applications. The study provides valuable insights into precise Ge NP synthesis and underscores their intriguing optical properties, paving the way for advanced Nanophotonic devices.

The environmental pollution developed a major problem in the world especially the third world countries with the fast improvement of industry, particularly those dependent on hydrocarbon products as a fuel and its contaminated products as trace metals. This is considered as the biggest threat to the environment and human because, of its impact on human life and other organisms. This study was conducted to the measure hematological parameters (e.g., hemoglobin - Hb, hematocrit - HCT, white blood cells count - WBC, red blood cells count - RBC, mean corpuscular volume - MCV and Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin - MCH) from the individuals exposed to pollution by heavy metal in the city of Nasiriyah, the center of Dhi Qar Governorate in Southern Iraq. The study participants consisted of 120 men and they were divided into three groups as follows 40 participants from Hawkers with age ranging 26-46 (Mean ± SD = 36.6 ± 9.28). 40 from traffic police with age ranging 26-46 (Mean ± SD = 39.2 ± 5.44) and 40 as a control group with age ranging 26-46 (Mean ± SD = 37.5 ± 6.57). The results showed increased level of Hb in the traffic police group compared with other group. The number of RBCs was similar between Hawkers and traffic police groups compared with control group. However, the rate of MCV was increased in Control group and Hawkers Group Compared with traffic police group. These parameters were statistically significant (p≤0.05). while, we did not record any changes in another parameter such as (WBCs, HCT, MCH). Key words: Environmental pollution, Heavy metals, Hematological parameters.

The interaction between organic Nano molecules and solid surfaces play a prominent role in numerous applications such as charge transfer and physisorption. Density functional theory (DFT) by utilizing sophisticated algorithms in Gaussian 09 software package at LANL2DZ, B3LYP level at the ground state energy had been utilized to attain the merits, molecular structure, contour maps density, electrostatic potentials (ESPs), density of states , infrared spectra (IR), electronic states, HOMO and LUMO energies, Energy gaps (Eg), electron affinity (E.A), ionization potential (I.P), dipole moment, the eigen values of the polarizabilities tensor αxx ,αyy and αzz , average polarizability <α> ,and symmetry to the geometrical nanostructures (Ag10), (Ag15), (Ag18), (Ag10-OTS), (Ag15-OTS) and (Ag18-OTS). Physisorption phenomena impact tremendously to the symmetry of the geometrical structure. Molecular bonds of the (σ, σ^*, π, π^*, δ and δ^*) originate because the overlap between ( s or p atomic orbitals) in the organic nanomaterials and ( d atomic orbitals) in the silver nanosurface. The distortion in contour maps interprets happening physisorption or charge transfer. According infrared spectra it can be seen new bonds because of the physisorption. Density of states diagrams demonstrates changing in the magnetic properties after physisorption. Simulation of silver (Ag) in nano dimensions make it semiconductor as compared with the bulk. The values of energy gaps of all hybrid nanostructures are in the range of semiconductor. Physisorption procedure impact randomly to the ionization potential and electron affinity, this takes place because many factors, just like, geometrical parameters, topological coordinates, symmetry and the geometrical structure. The geometrical nanostructure (Ag18-OTS) stands for the highest value of dipole moment nanostructure among all hybrid and pure nanostructures in this research, it has the value (6.24 Debye). Physisorption phenomena lead to decrease in the values of average polarizability. Three classes of point group symmetries demonstrate, (D2h/C1), (C2h/C1) (C1) .

NiO-MWCNT was synthesized using the hydrothermal method and used as a low-cost, platinum-free counter electrode for Dye-sensitized solar cells DSSCs. The DSSC based on NiO-MWCNT as a counter electrode achieves a high-power conversion efficiency of 8.53% under a simulated solar illumination of 100 mW cm-2 (AM 1.5). This efficiency is comparable to 7.9% for a DSSC equipped with a Pt counter electrode. Good charge conduction characteristics of the NiO-MWCNT electrode decreases charge loss and boosts the effectiveness of converting light into electrical current. The NiO-MWCNT electrode also increases light absorption and increases the efficiency of converting light energy into electrical energy by enhancing light dispersion within the solar cell. Other advantages of NiO-MWCNT electrodes are low cost and great sustainability. Comparing it to platinum, rare and expensive material, the use of NiO-MWCNT reduces the cost of the solar cell and contributes to environmental sustainability. In addition, the NiO-MWCNT electrode has a high chemical stability, making it more resistant to corrosion and damage in dye solar cell environments. This enhances the lifespan of the cell and ensures its long-term sustainability.

This study was designed to investigate the connections between (Inflammation, Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs),-diabetes mellitus,-Obesity,-polycystic ovary syndrome, thyroid and cancer )-and asprosin hormone. Asprosin is present in high amounts in a variety of diseases that are considerably manifested in several cases and illnesses Asprosin hormone is newly adipokine helps the liver produce glucose. White adipose tissue secretes the novel hormone asprosin, which stimulates the release of hepatic glucose, making protein a possible target for new treatments for obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Exons (65 and 66) of the gene( Fibrillin 1 (FBN1)), which was recently shown to be a new hormone released by white adipose tissues, are the final two exons that code for asprosin. However, further research is needed to fully understand how asprosin affects pancreatic beta-cells, leading to pathologically elevated cellular dysfunction and inflammation. Asprosin hormone is raised in human with metabolic disease. The findings imply that asprosin hormone may be crucial for maintaining insulin and glucose homeostasis as well as acting as a risk factor for a number of diseases, including CVDs, obesity, T2DM, cancer, hypothyroidism, and PCOS. Depleting asprosin or attenuating its activity may potentially offer a novel therapeutic option for the treatment of T2DM and obesity.

Adipokines are essential for maintaining cardiovascular and metabolic balance. The term "adipokines" refers to peptides in the pancreas, brain, vascular system, liver, immune system and muscle. adipokines regulate numbers of factors, such as energy expenditure, hunger, satiety, insulin sensitivity, and blood pressure, insulin secretion, adipogenesis and fat distribution, and that might make them play a role in future pharmacological treatment strategies for obesity and metabolic diseases. Isthmin-1 (Ism-1) is a recently discovered insulin-like adipokine that suppresses hepatic lipids. According to recent research, Ism-1 can enhance lipid metabolism and treat metabolic disorders linked to type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM). The primary source of the protein subfatin (SUB) is white adipose tissue. Subfatin (SUB) is expressed in these following tissues: adipose tissue, brain tissue, thymus gland, liver, activated human monocytes, spleen, omental adipose tissue, muscle, salivary glands and heart tissues. The SUB lowers insulin resistance to control glucose metabolism. Isthmian-1 is a novel biomarker for early management and diagnosis of T2DM and has a beneficial effect in glucose homeostasis and might be therapeutic for diabetes. Subfatin also plays a role in glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity, so it has significant effect in pathogenesis and complication of diabetes.

Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume is an evergreen tropical tree belonging to the Lauraceae family; it is a useful plant in traditional and modern medicines. Essential oils of Cinnamomum zeylanicum were prepared and identified using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). For histological study 80 adult male rats were employed in this study. It is the same weight (30 ±5 gm) and 75 days in age. The animals were divided into 4 groups, with ten rats in each group. The results indicated that C. zeylanicum bark contained 27 different phytochemical components. The main components included Cinnamaldehyde (2-Propenal, 3-phenyl-) (46.46%), 9-Methoxybicyclo, [6.1.0] nona-2,4,6-triene (31.31%), alpha-, Muurolene (7.14%) and Copaene (1.63%). Sections of livers were examined for histological abnormalities, such as the breakdown of the liver architecture and increased inflammation, in comparison to control samples, some hepatocytes were swollen with pyknotic, large nuclei and dilated sinusoids. As well as in the rats treated with noticed sever congestion of central vein (CV), degeneration and sluggish of endothelial lining larger, Bile ducts hyperplasia and necrotic hepatocytes. It can be deduced that the main component of cinnamon bark oil is cinnamaldehyde and the liver displayed some tissue changes, including hepatocyte necrosis and the existence of steatosis foci. Histological and cellular changes in liver tissue were dramatically attenuated by C. zeylanicum essential oil.

The Pulse effect on the cross-gain modulation (XGM) in the quantum dot (QD) semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) is investigated using the combining of the SOA power with the QD rate equations system. The QDs structure includes three regions: ground state (GS), excited state (ES) and wetting layer (WL). Thus, a set of rate equations for pump and probe signals is introduced for both steady-state and small-signal power values, which are solved numerically. The pulse shape was included in the analysis, for pump and probe signals. The theoretical results showed agood agreement with the experimental results. It was found that decreasing pulse width of pump/probe ratio is efficient to increase XGM efficiency and bandwidth.

The discovery of high-efficiency organic thermoelectric materials has the potential to pave the path for various energy-gathering innovations and the development of translucent, pliable thin-film materials for Peltier coolers. Our study involves a comparison of the electrical and thermoelectric characteristics of five zinc porphyrin configurations. The results show that changing the linker between zinc diner units has an essential effect on the electrical conductance and thermopower values of these structures. Consequently, the thermoelectric figure of merit ZT will change which means the thermoelectric efficiency change. We also observed a notable augmentation in the Seebeck coefficient when the linker connecting the Zinc porphyrin dimers is either (C - N) or (C - C). The augment in the Seebeck coefficient can be ascribed to a variety of factors. One plausible reason for this phenomenon is the dissimilarity in the electronic structure and energy levels between the zinc porphyrin molecule and the carbon-hydrogen linker. This dissimilarity has the potential to induce a modification in the density of states in the vicinity of the Fermi level, ultimately leading to an amplified thermopower.

The objective of this study is to explore the effect of gamma irradiation on the hematological and biochemical parameters of complete blood counts for diabetic and healthy people. A total of 20 blood samples were collected from people with diabetes, and 20 samples were collected from healthy people of different ages. The samples were analyzed before and after exposing to irradiation (0.5 mCi Cs-137 Gamma-ray standard source) using a Hematology analyzer to determine the hematological and biochemical parameters. Significant changes were observed between the control samples before and after exposing to irradiation. The results showed a significant change in the number of Red Blood Cells at 18.863 mGy/hr. compared with the control sample in healthy and unhealthy people from 4.47x106 μL to 1.82x106 μL and from 4.32x106 μL to 1.05x106 μL, respectively. The results also showed a significant change in all hematological and biochemical parameters such as WBC, PLT, Hb, Hct, Mcv, McH, and HcHc after exposing to irradiation, especially at a high dose rate of more than 5 mGy/hr. The obtained results are in a good agreement with the data that were recommended by recognized international organizations and agencies such as the EPA, IAEA, WHO, UNSCEAR, and ICRP.

The initial transmission effect on the activity of Cr+4: YAG saturable absorber with Er +3 doped fiber laser was investigated. Software computer program was built in this study for solving the rate equations model by Rung - Kutta –Fehlberg numerical method. The study reported that the absorption activity of ground state of saturable absorber decreases with the decreasing of the initial transmission, while the activity absorption of excited state begins to increase. Moreover, the total absorption activity of saturable absorber also decreases with the decreasing of the initial transmission.

In this research we have considered (CH₃NH₃PbX₃) (X=I,Cl,Br) as an absorber layer and Cu2O/spiro-OMeTAD/ P3hT/PEDOT:PSS as (HTM) along with PCBM/TiO₂ as (ETM). It is a solid-state planar heterojunction p-i-n solar cell with low p-type-doped, CH₃NH₃PbX₃ sandwiched between the p-type is called HTM layer and n-type. SCAPS-1D simulation software is used for numerical simulation to examine the influence of various electrical factors on the efficiency PCBM/CH₃NH₃PbCl3/P3hT,PCBM /CH₃NH₃PbI₃/P3hT,PCBM/MAPbCl₃/Cu2O,TiO2/MAPbCl₃/Sipro-OMeTAD, TiO₂/MAPbI3/Sipro-OMeTAD, PCBM /CH₃NH₃PbBr3/ PEDOT:PSS, and PCBM /CH₃NH₃PbI₃/ PEDOT:PSS heterojunction-based perovskite solar cell structures. With these variables an efficiency of 22.46% was obtained at 263.15(k). By using SCAPS simulation software

Background: Hereditary hearing loss (HHL) accounts for approximately 50-60% of all hearing loss (HL) cases, highlighting the significant role genetics play in this condition. HHL can be mostly classified into two main forms: syndromic and non-syndromic. Of these, non-syndromic hearing loss (NSHL) is the most prevalent, contributing to over 70% of HHL cases. The hearing process involves a complex interplay of various components inside the ear, working together to convert sound waves into comprehensible signals for the brain. Non-syndromic hearing loss (NSHL) is known for its extraordinary diversity and complexity, influenced by a vast array of genes, with more than 120 identified thus far. These genes can be categorized into distinct functional groups, encompassing cochlear ion homeostasis, hair bundle development and cell adhesion, synaptic transmission, transcriptional regulation, and mitochondrial function. The advent of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies has been instrumental in unraveling the genetic underpinnings of NSHL. Among NGS techniques, whole exome sequencing (WES) appeared as a revolutionary advancement, outperforming other approaches like targeted panel sequencing and whole-genome sequencing in terms of cost-effectiveness and efficiency. WES not only aids in deciphering the genetic basis of hearing loss but also offers the potential to revolutionize patient care and diagnosis. It paves the way for a new era for precision medicine in the realm of hearing loss, promising more accurate and tailored treatments for affected individuals. This transformative approach is poised to bring about substantial advancements in our understanding of hereditary hearing loss and its clinical management.

The study included the effect of Alium sativum aqueous and alcoholic extracts on the growth of bacteria and fungi isolated from the study The following types of bacteria appeared:Pseudomouas aeruginosa ,Aeromonas salmonicida ,Escherichia coli Using the diffusion method The aqueous extract was shown to be somewhat higher than the alcoholic extract in inhibiting the above-mentioned bacteria, In the past three decades, disease-resistant fungi and bacteria have emerged it caused major health problems all over the world through the pharmaceutical industry produced quantities of antibiotics. Unfortunately, resistance to antibiotics is increasingly important. Find plants with antifungal and antibacterial activity it has gained increasing importance in recent years due to the development of resistance. On the other hand, it is known that free radicals play an essential role in many diseases. Biochemical damage caused by free radicals to cells and tissues. If the average inhibition diameters at a concentration of 100% for the aqueous extract were (20.16.18) mm, respectively While the rates of inhibition diameters for the alcoholic extract reached (17,14,16) mm, respectively. As for the fungi isolated from the study, they are: Aspergillus .niger ,Rhizopus stolonifer . : Aspergillus candidus .Aspergillus fumigatus. Aspergillus flavus . Aspergillus ochraceus It was found that the aqueous and alcoholic extracts have an inhibitory effect on the growth of the isolated fungi when using the method of diffusion with the medium The results showed that the rates of inhibition diameters in the aqueous extract at a concentration of 100 mg/cm (6.5-0.3( cm. While the rates of inhibition diameters in the alcoholic extract were (7.0-1.9) cm . As for the antibiotics used in this study against the isolated bacteria, The bacteria isolated from the study showed resistance to (chloramphenicol, Piperacilline .,Cefotaxime ). While the bacteria showed sensitivity to Amikacin and Gentamicin The statistical methods showed the superiority of Amikacin and Gentamicin to the rest of the antibiotics used in the study. The results also showed that all the fungi isolated from the study were resistant to nystatin They were sensitive to fluconazole, except for A. niger.

A series of 2-oxo-6-[4-(1H-tetrazol-1-yl) phenyl-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carbonitrile 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-oxo-6-4-(1H-tetrazol-1-yl) phenyl]-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carbonitrile and 2-oxo-6-[4-(1H-tetrazol-1-yl) phenyl]-4-(thiophen-2-yl)- 1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carbonitrile), were prepared from the reaction of 4-aminoacetophenone, sodium azide in the presence of glacial acetic acid via cyclization reaction to produce (1-(4-(1H- 1,2,3,4tetrazole-1-yl) phenyl) ethan-1-one). Followed by condensation of (1-(4-(1H- 1,2,3,4tetrazole-1-yl) phenyl) ethan-1-one) with ethyl cyanoacetate, aromatic aldehydes, and ammonium acetate at 110℃ to give(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-oxo-6-4-(1H-tetrazol-1-yl)phenyl]-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carbonitrile and 2-oxo-6-[4-(1H-tetrazol-1-yl) phenyl-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carbonitrile 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-oxo-6-4-(1H-tetrazol-1-yl) phenyl]-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carbonitrile and 2-oxo-6-[4-(1H-tetrazol-1-yl) phenyl]-4-(thiophen-2-yl)- 1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carbonitrile. The synthesized compounds were characterized by spectral methods (FT-IR and 1H-NMR & 13C-NMR). The synthesized compounds have been estimated in lab. for biological efficiency. preliminary biological testing revealed that the compounds have exhibited activity against the two types of bacteria (staphylococcus aureus, and Klebsiella pneumonia). Both Compounds had high activities. Docking experiments for the compounds were undertaken in order to better understand the ligand-protein interactions in terms were done using py-px and BIOVIA/ Discovery studio of binding affinity. The computed binding affinities were consistent with the MIC values

In this study, we treat tunneling similarly to the dispersion problem where the wave incident on the barrier is partly transmitted and partly reflected. The transport potential will be related to conduction using the tight-binding model, the steady-state formula, and the Landauer relationship. The tunnel was processed using a bridge model. We studied the effect of changing the size of the quantum dots that make the bridge on the probability of transmission and reflection, the effect of changing the number of quantum dots on them. The transmission and reflection spectrums were compared as functions of the system's energy spectrum. We also noticed the effect of the transmission and reflection spectrum on the conductivity of the system. The results that have been reached, and will contribute significantly to the manufacture of nano-devices in the not-too-distant ture.

In general, solar water heating system can be described as a beneficial device for heating water by the utility of incident solar radiation. In the present study, an experimental solar water heater was constructed in Misan City, south of Iraq. The constructed experimental unit is a box of glass with a width of 40 cm. To measure temperatures of the experimental unit 7 K-type thermocouples were used. Three different inclination angles were investigated. The results showed that in the month of January, temperature of the solar water heater reached around 70 °C with an inclination angle of 37°. Furthermore, it was conducted that for the investigated period (January), temperatures reached the maximum at around 14 p.m. and then there was a decrease in the temperature. Moreover, it was concluded that the height of the solar water heater has a significant influence on the temperature.

Multidrug resistance is a widespread issue that plays an important role in disease outcome. This study was designed to isolate Klebsiella pneumonia in different clinical specimens and detected their Antibiotic resistance profile. A total of 319 samples were collected from various clinical specimens for both genders and different ages. The samples were streaked on the blood and MacConkey agars. The bacterial growth identified using biochemical tests and Vitek®2 systems to confirm it. Also, the Vitek®2 system was used to detect the antibiotic sensitivity. Out of 319 clinical samples, K. pneumonia was identified in 67 (21%) cases. The highest isolation rate was in urine 25(37.3%), followed by sputum 13(19.4%), and the least isolation was in CSF with one isolate (1.5%). The results revealed that K. pneumonia isolates were multi-drug resistant pathogens (MDR) with high resistance to Ampicillin (97%) and 85% for piperacillin.
The PCR results revealed blaVIM- genes frequency was 20 (30%). K. pneumonia is one of the bacteria that cause urinary tract infections, and it is a widespread multidrug-resistant pathogen, and blaVIM- producing K. pneumoniae are found in clinical samples at Thi-Qar hospitals. Therefore, monitoring the administration of antibiotics and their rational use is necessary to reduce antimicrobial resistance and treatment failure.