KARBALĀʾ HERITAGE Quarterly Authorized Journal Specialized in Karbalāʾ Heritage

The research aims to shed light on an important collective ritual practice believed in by most adherents of the Ahlul Bayt school of thought، especially those belonging to the Twelver Imami school of thought. This is because it is confirmed and explicitly mentioned by two of the Infallible Imams (peace be upon them), namely the Pilgrimage of Arbaeen. It is one of the narrated and transmitted visits with a valid text and isnad from Imam al-Sadiq (peace be upon him),and there is no doubt about its validity, consideration، and desirability. It was known by this name because of its occurrence in the text of a narrated visit from Imam al-Sadiq (peace be upon him), and in another authentic report from Imam al-Hasan al-Askari (peace be upon him). The meaning of Arbaeen is the twentieth of Safar of each Hijri year, which is the occasion of the passing of forty days on the martyrdom of Imam Hussein (peace be upon him) in Ashura, and the separation of the honorable head from his pure body.
There is a reliable text for this visit that should be used to visit Imam Hussein (peace be upon him). Some of us have heard some criticism of its isnad and some doubts about its validity. Therefore,the research came to document and confirm its validity and consideration in terms of text and isnad.

The Prince of the Faithful and Belivers Ali, (peace be upon him), was distinguished by virtues that cannot be approached and a status that cannot be compared. He is the brother of the Messenger of God, may God's peace and blessings be upon him and his family, and the first to believe in him and confirm him. He is the most beloved of people to God Almighty and to His Messenger, may God's peace and blessings be upon him and his family. He is the successor of the Messenger of God, may God's peace and blessings be upon him and his family, and his inheritor, his chosen one, his minister, and the gate of the city of knowledge, and the guardian of every believer after him. The best evidence of this is what Ibn Abi al-Hadid said in his description of him, peace be upon him, saying: "Know that the Commander of the Faithful, peace be upon him, if he had boasted of himself and exaggerated in enumerating his virtues and merits with his eloquence that God Almighty granted him and distinguished him with it, and all the eloquent Arabs helped him in that, they would not have reached even a tenth of what the truthful Messenger, peace be upon God, uttered in the matter."
On this basis, there were many books that dealt with the narrations of those virtues with documentation, analysis, clarification, and investigation. Among them was the book "Kanzu al- Mat'alib " by Sayyid Wali bin Ni'matullah al-Haiari, who collected and investigated - as far as he could - the virtues The Prince of the Faithful and Belivers Ali, (peace be upon him), classifying them into ninety-nine chapters, while also reviewing the ways of narrating the virtues and their chains of transmission.

Amir Yusuf bin Muhammad al-Husayni al-Yazdi, a luminary shrouded in obscurity from the 10th century AH, has left behind an invaluable gem - the book “Mashahd al-Sabtain” (The Shrine of the Two Grandsons). Despite its brevity, the surviving abridged version of this once-extensive work stands as a testament to its significance.
Delving into the life of Imam Hassan and Hussein (peace be upon them), from birth to martyrdom, al-Yazdi meticulously chronicles the events and circumstances that shaped the life of “The Masters of Youth in Paradise.” Structured into ten majalis (gatherings), each chapter opens with an eloquent khutbah (sermon) and culminates in a profound khatimah (conclusion).
Al-Yazdi’s work bears striking resemblance to Sayyid Muhammad bin Abi Talib al-Karkhi al-Hajari’s “Tasliyat al-Majalis wa Zinat al-Majalis” (Consolation of Gatherings and Adornment of Gatherings), which narrates the martyrdom of Imam Hussein (peace be upon him) in ten majalis, interspersed with original poetry. Following suit, Amir Sayf al-Din interweaves his own verses throughout his narrative, adding a layer of poetic expression to his prose.

Historical journeys are considered important material in historical writings because they were written by individuals who contemporaneously witnessed events and phenomena، making them indispensable in historical writing. Although some of them may not be accurate in describing events، they are still considered an important historical resource. Additionally، the writings or reports of foreign officials with various job titles are equally important. As a result، through this research، we attempted to shed light on the Husayniyya River through the writings of travelers and foreign officials due to the importance of this river، which is associated with the name of Imam Hussein(peace be upon him). The research addressed the observations of travelers and foreign officials who visited the city of Karbala and mentioned the river and its significance، particularly from an economic perspective.

This research represents an insightful reading of the artistic characteristics of an عقديّة(Aqeedeah) poem that was written by one of the prominent scholars of Karbala in the tenth Hijri century. The scholar, who had a prominent position in the field of authorship, classification, poetry, and rhetoric, was at the forefront of scholars who actively contributed to enriching the scientific and literary life and igniting its flame in Karbala during that century. He is Sheikh Ibrahim bin Ali Al-Kafa’mi(d. 905 H). The poem is a Ghadiriyyah poem, which is a poem that mentions an important Islamic event, indeed one of the most important historical, religious, and doctrinal events in Islamic history, namely the event of(Bi’at al-Ghadir).
This poem, and its counterparts, is called(Ghadiriyyat), which are many poems that were composed by many poets throughout the ages. It is about the فضل
(virtue) of day of(Yawm) al-Ghadir in which the Messenger of Allah(peace be upon him and his family) appointed the Commander of the Faithful(peace be upon him) as a caliph for the Muslims by order from heaven, in a place known as(Ghadir Khum). Among these poems is the poem of Sheikh Al-Kafa’mi, which is a long poem consisting of 190 verses. The poet composed it on the meter of al-Mutaqarib, and collected in it many of the virtues of the Commander of the Faithful(peace be upon him) and his family(peace be upon them).
Hence, the researcher’s desire to study this poem and reveal the artistic features that were contained in that poem, on the level of words, structures, images, music, and references.

The term “self and other” is one of the modern terms that have been raised in modern literary studies; Because of its many objective and artistic connotations، it reveals psychological dimensions that the writer aims at، consciously or unconsciously، in his literary text. Usually، the event or situation affects the poet’s self more than others; Because of the delicacy of his feelings، and his rhetorical capture that transforms him into a speaking voice expressing what his imagination has passed through. He creates the function that controls the poet’s behavior. As for if the event is absent for a moment in the poet’s reality، then its presence is a result of the tragic memory of its passage first، and then the continuation of its results requires its presence. The absence that the poet has evoked does not mean non-existence، but rather means the actual presence of an event or a meaning. This gives the absence a presence، and this is the pleasure of absence.
The duality of the self and the other in the poem of the poet Hussein bin Mosaed is a document proving the presence sometimes، and the absence at other times، with regard to the tragic event that the Ahlul Al- Bayt(peace be upon them) went through، and what accompanied this event of characters who affected the painful event in one way or another.

The fame of a prominent figure is not a trivial matter or the result of a moment or a situation, but rather it is due to what this figure carries of thought, knowledge, and awareness. There is no doubt that what has reached us so far from the heritage of Sheikh Al-Kafa'mi indicates the greatness of this personality on the linguistic and literary level. In addition to that, the interpretation, he is one of the people of great merit to the heritage and the heritage; Because of what he abridged from books, some of which were dropped by the hands of time, and others are large or precious. There is no doubt that he is a distinguished copyist; For several reasons; Including his love for books, writers, and writing. These factors together made us face a great and important mature personality, known for books of supplications and invocations, but it was not known that he was a brilliant linguist, a distinguished literary figure, a unique historian, a preserver of books and heritage, and engaged in classification and authorship. The best evidence of this is his large compilations, such as the Garden of Souls and the Bride's Chamber, the Collection of Curiosities and the Subject of Desires, in addition to his great literary books, such as the Light of the Eye of Bad'i and the Light of the Garden of Spring, the Gazing Eye and the Lush Garden, and other works.
In this research, we have dealt with the works of Sheikh Al-Kafa'mi, his abridgments, and his copies. Praise be to God first and last.

Quran Al -Kareem has received unparalleled attention in terms of care, study, research, memorization, and interpretation from Muslim scholars. This is not surprising, as it is the book of Al Mighty Allah, which is unanimously agreed upon to be connected to divine revelation, and the first foundation of Islamic legislation since its revelation until the Day of Judgment. In addition to the great reward that is reserved for those who contemplate, study, and discuss it. For this reason, the attention of many scholars turned to it, and some of them devoted a large part of their lives to serving it. Among those scholars who made great efforts in the Quran is Sheikh Muhammad Saleh Al-Burghani(d. 1283 AH), who authored three interpretations: large, small, and medium; In addition to other works in various specializations. As for his interpretation under study(Muftah Al-Jannah in Solving the Symbols of the Qur’an), it is an abbreviation of an interpretation larger than it in size, which is the interpretation(Bahr Al-Irfan and Madin Al-Iman) by the same author.
We have chosen Surat Al-Jinn from it for its realization; Because of the importance of this surah as it carries the dialogue of the jinn when they listened to the recitation of the Holy Quran. Thus, this surah reveals something about this creature; In addition to what it carries from many evidences of the ولاية of the Commander of the Faithful Ali(peace be upon him) and the text of his Imamate. The predominant method used by Sheikh Al-Burghani in interpreting this surah was the interpretation by the trace; That is, the narrative interpretation, relying on what was narrated from the explanatory narratives of the Prophet(peace be upon him and his family) and the Imams of Ahlul Bayt(peace be upon them) to reach the objectives of the Qur’anic verses in the blessed Surat Al-Jinn.

Many of our scholars have composed numerous scientific issues, chapters, and branches in poetry. They have composed issues of jurisprudence, its principles, grammar, logic, philosophy, and others. These compositions have become a basis for explanation and commentary, and many of them remained in the realm of poetry without their contents being transcribed into prose. Among those who were pioneers in composing is the distinguished jurist, Sayyid Muhammad Al-Jawad Al-Amili, author of Miftah al-Karama(d. 1226 AH), who composed in more than one chapter of jurisprudence. He has a composition in Zakat, Khums, and Breastfeeding, and the latter is what is before the esteemed reader, where the composer mentioned the most prominent issues of breastfeeding, its branches, its evidences, and others.

During the tenth century AH, prominent scholars emerged who had a significant impact in fostering a comprehensive scientific renaissance encompassing various fields of religious sciences such as jurisprudence, hadith, exegesis, principles of jurisprudence, as well as language, history, and literature in the city of Karbala. However, this scientific renaissance did not receive the attention it deserved in terms of studies and research to reveal its depth of knowledge.
This research aims to elucidate the efforts of one of its prominent encyclopedic scholars, Sheikh Al-Kafa'ami, in various fields of knowledge, particularly focusing on Quran and language, including their intricacies and rarities, as perceived through his insightful perspectives.
The research is based on a set of principles and foundations, mainly highlighting our Islamic cultural heritage associated with the city of Karbala and its central significance due to housing the shrines of Imam Hussein and his brother Abu al-Fadthil al-Abbas. It also provides a cultural window to the world to appreciate the value of this great legacy within the holy city, in addition to reflecting an integrated vision expressing authenticity in selection and exploration of knowledge landmarks in our sacred cities.
To uncover the opinions and statements regarding Quranic and linguistic issues according to Sheikh Al-Kafa'ami, the research is divided into two sections: the first pertains to Quranic studies, and the second relates to linguistic studies. This culminates in several findings, notably that the diverse compilation phenomenon by Sheikh Al-Kafa'ami represented an open space for researchers seeking knowledge in the fields of history, religion, exegesis, language, and poetry.