AL-Anbar University journal of Economic and Administration Sciences

The research aimed to demonstrate the relationship between brand citizenship behaviors and the mental image of the organization due to the importance of these two variables in enhancing the organization’s position. The research sample consisted of (50) people at the Earthlink Communications Company in Baghdad, the general headquarters at all administrative levels in the company. Many methods were used. Statistics, and the research reached a set of results, the most prominent of which was the presence of interest on the part of the organization in the brand’s behaviors, as we notice that the greater the interest, the higher the mental image of the organization among customers. The three dimensions of the mental image of the company, cognitive, emotional, and behavioral, also had an important role in its progress and increase in its intensity. Competition, and the recommendations were the necessity of taking advantage of the positive relationship between the research variables in maintaining the company’s position, sustaining its profits, and providing everything that is new, increasing the prevalence of the culture of interest in brand behaviors among employees, and clarifying the reasons for interest in order to raise the mental image of the organization.

This study aimed to identify the reality of organizational development in Saudi universities in order to improve their performance, by applying it to Shaqra University. To achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher used the descriptive analytical method, relying on the questionnaire as the main tool for the study in applying it to the field study community, which is the faculty members, administrators, and employees. At Shaqra University in all its governorates, it contained (20) items in the organizational structure axis after conducting a exploratory study and ensuring the validity and validity of the study tool, in addition to personal interviews.
The study concluded that Saudi universities (Shaqra University) are characterized by strong organizational development, as the arithmetic average for all answers reached (3.5) at a rate of 71%, which means that the degree of practice is high.
The study reached a number of recommendations, the most important of which is seeking greater participation of individuals in decision-making related to the implementation of work plans. Working to increase the granting of various departments and colleges more powers that enable them to carry out organizational development, as well as working to solve problems and work obstacles with ease. And work to give individuals the necessary authorization to carry out their work with a greater degree of flexibility. Providing an organizational climate that supports the organizational development process. And work to break free from extreme centralization.

Since the year 2003, Iraq has witnessed a shift towards a market economy, for which many laws and programs were enacted, and measures and procedures were taken that affected many areas. On the basis of that, Iraq sought to adopt exchange rate policies aimed at achieving economic growth and balance because of its impact on the growth of the gross domestic product. In order to demonstrate the extent of the impact of exchange rate changes on the growth of the gross domestic product in Iraq during the period (2003-2021), the subjective model was applied using distributed lag periods (ARDL) according to the outputs of the standard program (EVIEWS).
The research reached several conclusions, the most important of which is that the calculated statistical value (F) reached (6.211894) greater than the critical value (F) at its upper limit at the level of (1%) and equal to (7.84), which means that there is a long-term equilibrium relationship, so The null hypothesis was rejected and the alternative hypothesis was accepted, That is, there is a long-term balance between the independent variable and the dependent variable. Therefore, there is a co-integration relationship between the variables during the research period, and the existence of a long-term inverse moral relationship between the exchange rate and the gross domestic product. This is consistent with economic theory, that is, when the exchange rate decreases, it leads to an increase in output. Gross domestic.

The research aims to prepare a model to predict the number of students accepted into the three departments, namely (Electrical Power Engineering Techniques, Computer Technical Engineering, and Medical Engineering Techniques of the Electrical Engineering Technical College for the period (2024-2028). The two methods were applied, which are the double exponential smoothing and the quadratic model to obtain the least Error percentage through the comparison criteria represented by (MSD, MED, and MAPE). The results showed that the quadratic model method that was applied to three sections gave the lowest error percentage for the three criteria and gave the highest results for predicting students accepted in the three sections through the high prediction results. This led to the importance of Preparing the halls and laboratories to accommodate the number of accepted students. One of the most prominent conclusions is that the number of accepted students is increasing despite the knowledge of the existence of similar departments in private colleges. We recommend increasing the number of teachers in the three scientific departments in order to accommodate the number of accepted students

This research aims to understand and measure the impact of cash sterilization policy rates on mitigating the effects of foreign financial inflows on money supply in Iraq during the period (2004-2021), relying on annual data for the research variables. A standard model was estimated to determine the relationship between the research variables using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model. The Central Bank of Iraq adopted a partial sterilization monetary policy after 2004 as a result of increasing surpluses in the balance of payments to raise the exchange rate of the local currency. The cash sterilization rates during the research period resulted in absorbing and decreasing a portion of the money supply, but they were ineffective as desired, leading to an increase in the money supply and a greater growth rate than the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), thus making the size of the monetary economy larger than the real economy. The study suggests the necessity of diversifying GDP and revitalizing non-oil productive sectors, avoiding reliance on crude oil exports whose prices are determined globally, exposing the local economy to external and internal shocks, and devising an appropriate monetary policy compatible with other economic policies to achieve economic and social objectives, and not following cash sterilization policy for long periods due to its negative effects on all economic aspects of the country.

In this research, the researchers addressed the role of banking governance in improving financial performance in commercial banks in Erbil city, leading to improving the level of this performance. The main objective of the research was to determine the extent of the impact of banking governance on financial performance. Banking governance included several factors, namely ensuring the existence of a basis for an effective governance framework in an effort to protect the rights of shareholders and investors, highlighting the role of stakeholders in ensuring fair and equal treatment for all, disclosure, transparency, and the responsibilities of the boards of directors of these banks in achieving the desired improvement in the performance of banks in the Kurdistan Region. The main research problem was the extent to which governance principles were applied in commercial banks in Erbil, and the impact of applying governance principles on the financial performance of these commercial banks. The researchers relied on the descriptive analytical approach to analyze the research data, and the size of the study sample was (101 people) from specialists in commercial banks in Erbil city who answered the questions. The researchers designed a questionnaire filled out by bank employees. The statistical program (SPSS IBM V.26) was used to analyze the data. According to the results of data analysis, many results were obtained by describing and analyzing the relationship between governance principles and improving financial performance. It became clear that there is a direct and significant relationship between applying governance principles and improving financial performance.

Small projects are the cornerstone and support for all economies in all countries alike, as they contribute to achieving economic growth and creating job opportunities for those who are unable to find jobs, which positively affects the reduction of unemployment.
Iraq seeks to adapt to the capabilities available to it in giving a distinct role to small projects and stimulating self-employment and private work, as it is characterized by its ability to employ semi-skilled or unskilled workers, which means that it gives an opportunity for on-the-job training to raise skills.
The research aims to shed light on the role of the Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs in contributing to the expansion of employment programs by training the unemployed and giving them the necessary funding to run their own projects within the funding plans carried out by the Ministry.

The activities of financial and banking operations have witnessed rapid leaps and innovative financing methods that the world has not seen before. The financing methods of traditional financial activities have changed completely differently from what they used to be, but this tool has met with a wide debate between supporters and opponents, and as a result of that controversy, this study was found, which aims to analyze the role of financial derivatives in enhancing profitability and banking liquidity, and by adopting a set of The main and sub-hypotheses and the construction of a hypothetical diagram that represents the nature of the regional relationship of the aforementioned study variables. In order to achieve the objectives of the study, an intentional sample consisting of a group of the largest US banks of a global nature was tested for a period of ten years, starting from 2013 until 2022, as it relied on a set of appropriate financial, statistical and standard analyzes. The study reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which is the existence of a significant relationship The financial derivatives on the liquidity and profitability of the banks in the sample and in the short and long terms, as it was found that the financial derivatives represented by swap contracts and forward and future contracts have a direct and positive role in improving the levels of liquidity and profitability of the banks surveyed in the sample, but with different influence levels.

This research aims to know the accounting education and its role in the development of the accounting profession, by answering the research problem posed: What is the extent of the contribution of accounting education in the development of the accounting professions in Iraq, and for that, the analytical descriptive approach was relied upon in the research.

This research aims to study whether sustainable human resources management practices (sustainable planning, sustainable employment, training and sustainable development, sustainable performance evaluation, sustainable rewards or compensation) have an impact on the organizational commitment of faculty members and employees of Solid Iraqi public universities. The study adopted the Descriptive and analytical method, where the study population consists of workers in reputable Iraqi public universities, and the number of members of the study sample reached 84, who answered the paragraphs of the questionnaire, and the research hypotheses were tested using multiple linear regression, using the statistical program SPSS, as the research results showed that sustainability is one of Pillars and tools for the development of human resources management in Iraqi universities. And that sustainable human resources management practices have a positive, moral and statistically significant impact on the organizational commitment of Iraqi universities. This research recommended that universities should focus on the need to integrate sustainable human resources management practices within the universities’ strategic plan to support their success

The research aims to explain the impact of external public debt on the foreign reserves of the Central Bank of Iraq, where the researcher used a method of combining the descriptive analytical approach to demonstrate the theoretical framework for both external public debt and the foreign reserves of the Central Bank, and the standard quantitative approach based on economic measurement using the distributed slowdown autoregressive model. (ARDL)Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model to measure the relationship between external public debt and the foreign reserves of the Central Bank of Iraq for the period (2004-2022) through the use of the program (Eviews 9) in the estimation process and using the results. The research concluded that there is an inverse relationship between the independent variable (public debt) External) and the dependent variable (foreign reserves), as foreign reserves decrease by (0.13%) when the external public debt increases by (1%). This is consistent with the economic theory that the higher the external public debt leads to a decrease in foreign reserves. The research also recommends that The state borrows to finance short-term current spending. The short-term debt must be less than a year, since current spending often does not return a financial return and in order to avoid exacerbating the servicing of the debt burden. However, in the case of debt to finance investment spending, it can be long-term debt, since investment projects in Their nature achieves a financial return, and thus these projects can cover the burden of debt.

The Iraqi economy is characterized by great potential in its abundant economic resources of manpower with technical expertise and other factors that can contribute to enhancing the strength of the Iraqi economy, but it suffers from imbalances, some of which are structural resulting from its dependence on oil being unilateral, and some of which were caused to its infrastructure as a result of wars, the weight of indebtedness, and the compensation that It was imposed on it as these factors contributed to the widening of the gap in financial resources that could not be filled with local resources. There also emerged the urgent need to establish major projects to address the damage to its infrastructure. From here emerged the urgent need for foreign investments as well as the need for foreign expertise and technological development

This study examines the intricate relationship between strategic leadership, leadership styles, and organizational outcomes in a dynamic, globalized environment. By analyzing existing research, it explores the impact of strategic leadership on performance, sustainability, and stakeholder engagement across various sectors. The study also investigates the effectiveness of leadership development programs in preparing leaders for global challenges. The findings highlight the need for future research that integrates diverse perspectives and methodologies to elucidate the nuanced dynamics of strategic leadership. The paper proposes a recommendation for future research that focuses on understanding the role of strategic leadership in governance and administration, particularly in universities, where sophisticated approaches are required. The study's analytical descriptive methodology provides a comprehensive understanding of strategic leadership's impacts on organizational performance and sustainability, emphasizing the importance of developing strategic leadership skills for attaining competitive advantages and navigating changing business landscapes

The current study aims to identify the impact of organizational learning capabilities in achieving organizational brilliance through the mediating role of open innovation activities. The current study was tested in Iraqi private universities and colleges, represented by (Al-Hadbaa University College, Al-Kitab University, Newroz University, and Al-Nour University), where the study was applied to a purposive sample represented by teachers with various academic titles, numbering (351) teachers. The study also used the questionnaire as a main tool for collecting data, as the study sought to test a set of main and sub-hypotheses to demonstrate the nature of the influence relationship between the main study variables and their sub-dimensions in a way that is consistent with the study’s objectives and hypothetical scheme. The study adopted the descriptive analytical approach, and for the purpose of processing the data, ready-made statistical programming was used based on (SPSS.V26) and (AMOS.V28) programs. The study reached a number of conclusions, the most important of which is the presence of a statistically significant effect of organizational learning capabilities on organizational brilliance directly, in addition to proving that open innovation activities have an indirect mediating role between organizational learning capabilities and organizational brilliance in the private universities investigated. These results were Identical with the hypotheses in this aspect.