Al-Qadisiyah Journal for Engineering Sciences

This work deals with the investigation of radiation models for combustion spray. The n-pentane fuel C5h12 is used for chemical reactions with the air. The main objective of these simulations is to compare the experimental data and radiation models for spray combustion and to select the best radiation model. The model is used to interpret the structure and properties of the prediction for spray combustion. The simulated cases are carried out using Ansys Fluent. The mixture fracture probability density function is used to evaluate the non-premixed combustion of vaporized fuel droplets. The Radiation models (p1, discrete coordinate, surface to surface, and Roseland) are used to predict local properties in two dimensions. The results of the numerical simulation are compared with the experimental data. The results showed that the p1 radiation model provides good results through temperature, turbulence kinetic energy, and velocity components.

List of the academic editors of Al-Qadisiyah journal for engineering sciences for the period from January 2023 to the present
Administration office of the QJES
College of Engineering, Al-qadisiyah University, Al-Diwaniya cite, Iraq

Active design is the translation of health research into design solutions that amplify the role of architecture and urban planning in enhancing public health. It also focuses on the elements of the built environment that can encourage daily physical activity. Office employees are one of the demographics \"at risk\" for insufficient physical activity and prolonged sitting time. The spatial environment of the workplace has indeed been recognized as a correlate of workers\' active and sedentary behaviors. This study aims to examine the association between workplace layout typology and employees’ physical activity, sedentary behavior, and health. A multi-method approach was conducted for collecting data in four government office buildings in Erbil between April 2022 and June 2022. Qualitative data collection included architectural plan analysis and photography. Quantitative data collection included a self-reported questionnaire by 132 desk-based employees measuring daily physical activity, sedentary behavior, and physical and mental health. IBM SPSS (statistical package for the social sciences) software V.25 was adopted to analyze the collected responses from the desk-based employees of government office buildings. The result showed that there is a significant difference in the mean value of physical activity among employees. Despite the low level of physical activity, employees working in buildings with a linear layout were more physically active than those in buildings with a radial layout (linear = 1.31, P-value < 0.000; radial = 1.13, P-value<0.000). The result also showed that there is a significant positive relationship between sedentary behavior and physical health (r = 0.191, P-value<0.05) and mental health (r = 0.172, P-value<0.05). On the basis of these findings, we can infer that improving the quality of the built environment and implementing active design solutions contribute to promoting physical activity, decreasing sedentary behavior, and enhancing occupational health.

An empirical evaluation of free convective heat transmission was conducted in a rectangular enclosure containing a hybrid nanofluid of (50% CuO-50% Al2O3)/water linked to a PCM-containing wall. The enclosure\'s left and right surfaces were kept at constant warm and cold temperatures, whereas the remaining surfaces were assumed to be isolated. The left side was filled partially with PCM. Several variables were examined, such as the hot-side temperature differential (∆T =10, 15,20 ◦C) and the hybrid nanofluid concentration (Φ=0.03,0.05,0.07)%. The findings show that the rate of heat transmission through natural convection rises as the concentration of nanomaterials rises. Due to its great absorbability and heat storage capacity, PCM was also shown to have the potential to lower the hot side temperature by up to 15.5%. The Nusselt number rises over time as the left cavity is filled partially with PCM. When added hybrid nanofluid is, PCM’s heat-storage efficiency and, by extension, its ability to cool the hot side is greatly improved.

To fix a fractured distal femur, the typical approach involves the use of metal internal fixation plates along with supportive devices such as screws, pins, and wires. These plates are manufactured based on standard dimensions, which means they may not completely match the surface of the fractured distal femur for all patients, especially when the outer surface of the distal femur is complex and has intricate geometry. A complete mismatch, if it occurs, can lead to immediate and future problems. In order to avoid such issues, develop a faster recovery process for patients, and save time, effort, and money, this paper presents a new method. It focuses on designing and manufacturing a three-dimensional plate specifically tailored to perfectly match the external surface of the fractured distal femur for a specific patient. Modern technologies, such as additive manufacturing methods, are employed in the manufacturing process to ensure the production of an accurate plate dedicated to the fracture distal femur of each patient.

The use of different types of porous media and barriers inside solar air heaters is our goal in this survey article. The influence of different barriers and porous materials of various shapes and types within the solar air collectors and the impact of different engineering parameters on heat transfer procedures and fluid movement had been discussed by examining their thermal and hydraulic performance. Numerical and experimental analyses were presented on different types of flat solar air collectors containing differently shaped baffles or various porous media with different strategies to enhance heat transfer such as fluid flow measurement, pressure drop control, and checking their thermal and hydraulic performance by measuring the increase in air temperature at intensity Solar radiation and fluid mass flow. Studies show that the presence of porous media enhances the heat transfer process and increases the efficiency of solar air collectors. The types different of solar air collectors have been shown. There are outstanding applications of solar air collectors in the industrial projects such as cooling and heating various buildings, heating air for combustion processes, and drying coal and paper.

EDM (Electrical Discharge Machining) is a common non-traditional machining technique for manufacturing geometry parts made of intricate or extremely rigid metals that are challenging to manufacture using conventional manufacturing techniques. Electrical discharge machining, by utilizing electrical discharge erosion, classifies the process of material removal (MR). The main objective of this paper is to discuss the ideal EDM parameters for using high-speed steel as workpiece AISI M2 and with using brass & copper as electrodes. Pulse on-time (100, 150, and 200 µs), current (10, 24, and 42 A) and pulse off-time (4, 12, and 25 µs) are the input parameters that affect the material removal rate (MRR) in the experimental work. The findings of the present study show that the highest MRR was achieved with copper & brass electrodes using a pulse on-time of 200 µs, pulse off-time of 12 µs, and a current of 42 A, resulting in rates of (0.31284 g/min and 0.18769) respectively. The lowest average value of the removed material was observed when evaluating a current of 10 A, pulse on-time of 100 µs, pulse off-time of 4 µs, resulting in rates of (0.05451g/min and 0.01898 g/min) respectively.

One of the worst epidemics that endangers our life and has an impact on the future is the epidemic of road accidents. The goal of this study is to define traffic accidents, comprehend their causes, pinpoint the key elements that affect the seriousness of driver injuries, and ultimately identify the factors that contribute to accidents, such as excessive speed, alcohol, and drug use, the driver, the road, the vehicle, and environmental factors. Understanding prior research and studies are crucial. In earlier experiments, data visualization was accomplished using the VOS viewer. The Dimension, Web of Science, and Scopus websites were used to download the information for the keywords in Excel format. By country, it lists these terms, authors, and researchers. The researcher was able to conduct a study that was identical to his or her study with the aid of the keywords \"driver injury severity,\" \"driver crash,\" and \"crash analysis.\"

Reinforced concrete (RC) elements lose their structural strength by exposing to fire as the mechanical properties of the reinforcing steel and concrete deteriorate due to the heat. This study provides an understanding of the behavior of three structural concrete elements: beam, column, and slab at high temperatures using a finite element (FE) modelling produced in ABAQUS, as well as the potential of retrofitting of these elements using Slurry Infiltrated Fiber Concrete (SIFCON). The use of SIFCON has shown excellent results compared to the fire damaged elements, and to the undamaged concrete elements in term of various indices (ultimate load capacity, stiffness, toughness and ductility).

This article provides an overview of the role of raw and burnt date pits as bio-waste for heavy metal removal. In recent years, many studies on the adsorption properties of various low-cost adsorbents, such as agricultural waste and activated carbons based on agricultural waste, have been published. This review summarizes recent research demonstrating the utility of raw and modified date pits biomass-based adsorbents in the removal of heavy metal pollutants from wastewater. Additionally, the chemical compositions, the derived activated carbon, and the proposed mechanism of heavy metal ions were discussed. It thoroughly showed how essential variables including pH, adsorbent dosage, initial metal ion concentration, physical and chemical properties, and temperature affect the adsorption of heavy metals. The significant application of date pits as a bio-adsorbent of heavy metal ions was demonstrated. According to the literature, date pit-based adsorbents are the most promising adsorbents for removing toxic materials because they adsorb heavy metals from aqueous solutions with high capacity in a short period.

This paper presents an experimental investigation of the effect of impact force on the residual strength capacity of simply supported reactive powder slabs. Eight specimens of reinforced reactive powder concrete slabs were examined in the research. These slabs had dimensions of 500 x 500 mm and 70 mm in four categories. The influence of slab compressive strength (conventional concrete and reactive powder concrete), steel fiber proportion (1, 1.5, and 2%), percentage of reinforcement in the tension zone (ρ1=0.007, ρ2=0.011, ρ3=0.0179), and the number of impacts (two impacts, four impacts, and six impacts) were investigated in this research. Investigations were carried out to ascertain each slab's residual response, including the first cracking load, residual failure load, residual steel reinforcement strain, maximum central deflection, and crack pattern. The results showed that using reactive powder concrete instead of normal concrete increased the mechanical properties of the concrete and resulted in a significant increase in the failure load. This also led to an increase in deflection and strain. Furthermore, increasing the reinforcement ratio increased the failure load while simultaneously decreasing the deflection due to the improvement in slab moment resistance. Furthermore, it was discovered through the experiments that the addition of steel fiber to the mixture enhanced the slab’s post-cracking reactivity. The presence of steel fiber raised the slab's strength resistance by 21.63% as the steel fiber ratio increased from 1% to 2%, which is due to the addition of steel fiber increasing the slab's tension resistance.