Baghdad Science Journal

1

Preparation and identification of oxidatin derivaties for Salts and acids of bile for medical uses

Saadi M. Daher, Anis M. Al-Rawi, Salma A. R. Abbas

Pages: 1-7 Arabic

Abstract

Astudy for prearated Oxidized Derives of bile acid And Salts for Medical purposes Two methods were used to oxidize some derivation of cholic acid and deoxy cholic acid nsing potassinm in dichromate in acetic acid and chromic trioxide The following compounds were purified:
1. Mchyl(^7-,12-)trihydroxy cholan-24-oate (1).
2. Methyl(3-,12-)dihydroxy cholan-24-oate (11).
3. Methyl(3-,7-)diacetate.l2-hydroxycholan-24-oate (111).
4. Methyl 3-acetate,12-hydroxycholan-24-oate (IV).
5. 3H^roxy,(7-,13)diketocholan-24-oic acid (V).
6. 3-Hydroxy,12-keto cholan-24-oic acid (VI).
7. Methyl 3- h}'droxy(7-, 12-)diketocholan-24-oatc (VII).
8. Methyl 3-hydroxy,12-ketocholan-24-oate (VIII).
9. (3^,13)^iketocholan-24-oic acid (1^).
The purified prepared compounds were identified through different methods of identification i.e, I.R, UV-vi^ble-spectroscopy in addition to (coloured tests) Calculation of the sum of OH groups. TLC techniques were also used to test the purity and the speed ofthe rate of flow (RF).

Abstract

استخدم طريقتين لاكسدة مشتقات من حامض الكوليك و الدي اوكسي كوليك بواسطة دايكرومات البوتاسيوم في حامض الخليك وثالث اوكسيد الكروم

2

Stability constant measurements of thorivm (lv) and uranyle ions with some amino acids

¥ahya Abdul Majid AL-obaidi

Pages: 8-12 Arabic

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Abstract

ne,؛Stability constants were determined for complexes of amino acids : L-leuc tryptophane and Aspartic acid with thorium (IV ) and uranyle ( U02++) ions at ؛ serine

Abstract

تم ايجاد ثوابت الاستقرار لمعقدات الحوامض الامينية : الليوسين ، السبرين ، الالنين، التربتوفان وحامض الاسبارتك

3

The analytical potentiality of three different liquid stationary phases in analysing rathylchlorosil

Haifa’a A.M. Al-Shaikhly

Pages: 13-17 Arabic

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Abstract

Organohalosilanes conslitute an important subject ١٦؛ the chemistry oforganosilicon compound؛. Being starting materials and intermediates in the synthesis of a large number of various compounds so it is very important to get such materials in its highest purity ,but the separation of rathylchlorosilanes was still a big^oblem, duet^the great similarity in their physical and chemical properties, making its analysing very
difficult, ^or this reason tteir must be a good method o^e^r^iondealing^ththe^
compounds, gas- liquid chromatography proved that it was the best, specially when (m- nitrotoluene) was used as a stationary liquid phase, it gave a complete separation and a good statistical results

Abstract

تمت دراسة الكفاءة التحليلية لثلاثة انواع من الاطولر السائلة الثابتة المستعملة بتقنية غاز سائل كرموتوغرافي...

4

Effect of alkaloid and phenolic extract administration oi Allium cepa L ٠ on some biochemical parame

Ashed.N Al-Dujaily, Fawzi. s. Al-Zubaidi, Ismael. K. Igam

Pages: 18-22 Arabic

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Abstract

؛ ١٨his study male and female albino mice werdministr^d doses of alkaloid and phenolic extracts of Allium cepa at doses of( 25 ,50,100, 200) mg / kg of( body weight). males and females were divided into four groups and each croup comprised mice were injected intra^ritonially daily for one week and orally ٢٠٢ one month . After which animals were killed and the serum was separated for biochemical analysis (total blood suger, total protein , otal cholesterol). Results showed significant decrease ( p< 0,05) in the total blood suger and total cholesterol on the serum of both males and females and significant increase( p< 0,05) in the total serum protein of both males and females of the two types of injection and oral administration and by both Alkaloid and phenolic extracts . However it was found that the alkaloid extract was more effective than phenolic extract.

Abstract

تم في هذه الدراسة معاملة الذكور وانث الفئران البيض بجرع مختلفة للمستخلص الفلواني والفيونولي لنبات البصل بعد استخلاصها و فصلها كميائيا

5

Pollution Bio- indicators In Al-Diwania River A1- (^a،lisia Province / Iraq

Haifa J. Jaweir, Sahib Sh. Ibraheem

Pages: 23-31 Arabic

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Abstract

Benthic invertebrates were used as bio- indicators to evaluate the pollution in -Diwania River . Five stations were selected for this purpose , extending from A1 -٨١ rtream to A1- Sadeer District downstream . The percentage of؛ct uP؛str؛^ ؟ ٣, oligochaeta to total benthic invertebrates were calculated . The population density of evaluation. \\'I\\'he results Were ٢٦؛ Tubificid worms without hair ehaetae was ©iso used IOBS(01igochaete Index of Sediment Bioindicati©n ), TUSP ٠ presented as indices Io (Tubificidae Species Percentage ) & degree of pollution Eo . IT was noticed that the 0 inام37.17 percentage of ©lig©chaeta to the total benthic invertebrates ranged between to 60.685 in station 3 , while the percentage ©f Tubificid w©rms t© ©ther ا stati©n oligochaeta ranged from 32% in station 2 to 74.17% in station 3.Io values ranged between 21.3 in station 3 to 22.3 in station I , while lobs index showed a higher value 7.62 in station 3 and lawer value 2.43 in station 3 .the higher value of TUSP index was 32,5 in stati©n 5 and the lawer valus was 15.9 in station 1 . Pollution degree F

Abstract

تم تقييم التلوث في نهر الديوانية بالاعتماد على اللافقريات القاعية حيث جمعت العينات منة خمس مناطق منتخبةعلى امتداد مجرى النهر

6

The Chronic Effects of Salinity in the Biology of ١؛ Rotifers Brachionus calyciflorus Pallas

M.R. Nashaat, A.A. Al-Lami, S.F. Bassa

Pages: 32-37 Arabic

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Abstract

The present study included the effect of chronic exposure for two concentrations of NaC؛ salt on the biology of fresh water zooplankton species Brachionus calyciflorus (from ^otifera). The concentrations 0.5 , 0.75%o were used for chronic exposure to investigate its effects on the life tables, range of the rate of expectation for further life and reproduction. The rotifer B. calyciflorus was sensitive to salinity and may tried to protect the species by increasing the size (2.22 ind./clutch lor control group and 2.9ة for 0.5%o concentration) and number of clutches produced ؟.1؛ clutch/female for control group and 2.9 ' ' ' for 0.75 %0 concentration) beside stimulation the animal to produce the first clutch of eggs earlier■ ٨ small reduction in mean longevity of the animal was noticed (8.1 day for control grou^ and

Abstract

تضمن البحث الحالي دراسة تأثير التعرض المزمن لتركيزين ملحيين من محلول الطعام في حياتية نوع من الهائمات الحيوانية للمياه العذبة

7

Embryonic Development of the Heart In Mosquito Fish Gambusia affinis (Baird & Girard)

A.H. A. Al-Rawi, K.A.K. Al-Mukhtar, j. B. Alwan

Pages: 38-47 Arabic

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Abstract

first sign ؛ه' heart development in mosquito fish starts in an embryo of 0.6 mm. long. It appears as ١٦٧٢١ thiekenings in the splanchnic mesodermal p^es loeated on bouth sides of the ventral median line ofthe embryo under the foregut. l-'rom these two thitckenings a group of loose cells are detached. These cells represent the heart primordium which develops into the endocardial tube. The endocardial tube appears to be surrounded by the two thickened plates of splanchnic mesoderm. These go to form a heart tube with a double-layered wall. The heart chambers will differentiate in a antero-posterior direction; starting with the bulbus arteriosus then the ventricle followed by the atrium and lastly the sinus venosus. The embryo of7 mm. long shows that the heart chambers are arranged on a bent line. This bent continues and the heart chambers will occupy the perieardial cavity. In the new born larva the bulbus arteriosus assumes an anterior position, the ventricle has the dorsal, the atrium has the ventral, and the sinus venosus has the posterior position. With the development, the ventricle and the atrium interchange in their positions. This interchange occures as a result of a rotary motion of 180؛ in a clockwise direction. As a result the ventricle occupies a ventral position and the atrium occupies . a dorsal position. Thus the heart takes its final shape as that in the adult fish.

Abstract

تظهر اولى علامات نشوء القلب في سمكة البعوض في جنين بطول 0.6 ملم على شكل تثخين في صفيحتي الاديم المتوسط الحشوي

8

The micronucleated erythrocytes in speeies of Iraqi fish as indieator of dilution

Asmaa Sami Ibrahim AL-Kayat

Pages: 48-53 Arabic

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Abstract

The micronucleated erythrocytes in fish was used to detect water pollution by genotoxic agents. Fish belonging to different species were collected from three regions from Baghdad during three months (December/2000,January and February/2001 ).The micronucleated erythrocytes was observed in all the specimens. It was concluded that the genotoxic activity' in one region was less than in die other two regions.

Abstract

تم في هذه الدراسة حساب عدد النوى الصغيرة في خلايا الدم الحمر لانواع من الاسماك العراقية اجمعت من ثلاث مناطق من بغداد

9

Effect of storage duration on the Type and concentration of aflatoxin in local paddy and polished ri

KhalidA. Habib, suzan A. Al-Habeeb, Khalid Al-Obaidy

Pages: 54-57 Arabic

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Abstract

هNatural Occurrence of aflatoxin Bi and B2 was investigated monthly in paddy rice stored for duration of six months. Aflatoxin B| was detected at the beginning of storage. The concentration of aflatoxin Bi in paddy and polished rice was found to be (0.3 and ()) ppb respectively while aflatoxin B2 W'as not detected in both paddy and polished rice afler six months of storage, concentration of aflatoxin Bi ‘ ’ ' reached 3 ppb in paddy rice and 0.9 ppb in polished rice, while the study proved that the concentration of aflatoxin in paddy rice was higher than polished rice as a result of processing which reduce the toxin

Abstract

يعد الرز من المحاصيل الحبوب المهمة في العالم والعراق يتعرض ذا المحصول لنشاط العديد من الفطريات

10

Effect of High and low temperature and different relative humidity on biology of old Serew worm Chrv

Emad A. Mahmood, SOLAF A. ALHURANE, MOHAMAD A. AL-IZZI

Pages: 58-64 Arabic

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Abstract

The effect of some environment faetor (different temperature and relative humidity) on the biology of the old world- screw worm, were studied under laboratory condition, the result showed that non of the eggs hatched at 15°c and under dried eondition which relative humidity between 20-40%, also result showed that the mature larvae needs one days to become pupa since it leaves the larval died at the temperature ranged between 25-40°C at different humidity rates. While it needs 3 days under lower temperature and different humidity to become pu^, on the other hand the results showed that either low temperature and dried condition or high temperature at different humidity rates cause non of pupa became adult. While low temperature (15-20) °c at suitable humidity rate will elongate pupal, further more it is also noticed that the suitable temperature ٠٢'؛ pupa؛ development ranged between 25- 35°C under different relative humidity rate and it ranged between 5-8 days.

Abstract

تم دراسة بعض العوامل البيئية (درجات حرارة ونسب رطوبة مختلفة)على حياتية ذبابة الدودة الهلزونية الاسيوية

11

THE EFFECT OF EFFiCENCY FILM SENSITIV HOLEGRAPHIC

ADNAN SALIH AL- ETHAWI, KHAWLA JEMEL TAHER

Pages: 65-68 Arabic

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Abstract

The effect ©٢ acid and alkility for the dichromate solution and the thicknness of gelatin layer on the effecincy of the film , also the time period between the recording and the reconstraction processes . the last effecincy was 90% for PH=5.6 and 95% for d=110 سز . the highe effeciny for time period was 82% for 48 h .

Abstract

تمت دراسة تاثير كفاءة حيود محزز بالحامضية والقاعدية لمحلول الدايكرومات وسمك طبقة الجلاتين

12

Hair Is An Indicator Oe Human Pollutants With The Toxic Substances

Nidhala H.K.AL - Ani

Pages: 69-71 Arabic

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Abstract

Hair is an excellent indicator for abnormal concentration of toxic elements , In this study a random samples from girls hair of 12 cm long were irradiated by a flux of neutrons (4x10^ n/ cm^.s) obtained from an Am-Be neutron source of 5-Ci activitity . The y-ray activity measurements were carried out by using a " 5x5 " well- type Nal (Tl) detector. The study indicates clearly that the maximum concentration of elements was at about 7 cm hair length.

Abstract

يعتبر الشعر مؤشرا جيد لمعرفة حالات التسمم والتلوث بالعناصر السامة حيث اخذت عدة نماذج من شعر الاناث 12 سم وتم

13

The Study of properties structure and some optical properties forcopper Oxid (CuO) Thin film prepare

Anwar Ali Bakir, Majida Ali Ameen, Sinaa Munther Muhammed

Pages: 72-75 Arabic

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Abstract

in this paper copper oxide (cuO thin films were prepared by the method of vacum thermal evaporation a pressure.

Abstract

دراسة الخواص التركيبية وبعض الخواص البصرية لأغشية CuO المحضرة بطريقة التبخير الحراري في الفراغ

14

Solar ray tracing programs to find new types of solar

A.H. Al-hamdani, H. H. Mohamed

Pages: 76-79 Arabic

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Abstract

Anew Solar concentrator have been designed in this paper, this concentrators Were based on the total internal reflection in a prism, the prism angles has been calculated by depending on the solar incident ray angle in baghdad for a year. The optical design consist ofa triangular presume, Where the solar cells on one side of the prism Wh؛le the prism head towered the south. The results show that there is an increasing in the solar ray concentrators and the cell area is reduced.

Abstract

تم في هذا البحث تصميم مركز للأشعة الشمسية جديدة تعمل على مبدأ الانعكاس الكلي

15

Effect of Welded Joints Design on the Joint Strength During Statie and Dynamie Loading with Differen

S. K. Yaseen AL-Ani

Pages: 80-86 Arabic

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Abstract

The aim of this research is to study the effect of welded joint design (Butt joint and lap joint) on thejoint strength during tension and fatigue loading with different current of welding (40,50,60,70,80) ^per, and different type of wire welding. The result of this research is showed that the effect of fatigue loading on the type of joint is more than the effect of tension loading on it. And the butt joint welding is better than the lap joint welding during the fatigue loaded.The experimental results of the effect of W'elding current showed that more increasing and more decreasing the value of the heat input, during the welding was found to produce mechanical brittleness on the buttjoint welding during the static and dynamic loading. Also it was found that welded lap joint properties are improved when the welding current is increase during the static and dynamic loading. Results indicate too that the more effect of the type of wires welding on the welded joint during the static and dynamic loading.

Abstract

تناولت مصادر البحث اولا دراسة تاثير وصلة اللحام التناكبية والتراكبية وثانيا تاثير نوع التحميل الديناميكي

16

Theoretical Study of The Heating Effect of Laser Radiations on SiUcaGlass Systems

Muayad Aziz Hasan, Hayfaa Alwan Abood, Ghassan Salim Abdella, Mona Mahdi Shail

Pages: 87-92 Arabic

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Abstract

A theoretical study has been proposed to investigate the effects of different laser radiations (Nd - glass, DF and C02) as a heating source on different glass samples (Optical glass, Bk - 7 and Soda - lime glass) and different waves lengths (10.6, 3.8, 1.6) ٣٦٦. The heat changes as which are resulted due irradiation with laser sources have been determined by using the one dimension mathematical relation as a function of time (t) and depth (z). The results of the study show ed that the irradiation with C02 laser had a greater effect than DF laser, while the effects of Nd - glass laser were minimal with a power density of (1.8*10رم w/m2) within atime(l^sec).(Forboth Kinds) The change in the temperatures were not exceeded than (70"K) in all samples

Abstract

تم في هذا البحث دراسة نظرية باستخدام الاشعة الليزرية كمصدر حراري ومالة من تاثيرفي العينات الزجاجية قيد لابحث والتي شملت الزجاج البصري والزجاج العادي

17

STUDY OF EMBARGO’S AFFECT ON CANCER IN IRAQ

A.Maj؛d AL- NASIR, A. hadi Khalili, Hadeel S. AL-Kutubi

Pages: 93-101 Arabic

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Abstract

different ؛ج ط injury خ This study aims to knowing the affect of embargo on cancer tutors in Iraq according to different body systems , In addition, this '؛0 kinds study aims at knowing t^e categories ages that can be mostly injured by the cancer Egression analysis and descriptive statistics( median and frequency tables). ^٢^٧٨٦؛ have been used to achieve these two aims .This study includes ah the seventy cancer s Iraq from 1980-1998 and the data have been from the Ministry of Health / ٨؛ tumors Iraqicancer board administration / central registry. The results of this study are emale productive؛ : Embargo has affected the ten different body systems as .١ central nervous system and opthamamology , Hematology ,Respiratory ٠ system system , male productive system , lymphatic system, connective and other soft tissues

Abstract

هدف الدراسة هو معرفة تأثير الحصار على الاورام السرطانية في العراق

18

Patterns of Scientific Information obtainable from Internet and their Degree of Reliability

Muthanna A. Al-Omar

Pages: 102-109 Arabic

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Abstract

World wide web is one of the cornerstone of the internet, and has become a primary source of information, through which one can gain access to different fields of knowledge, as well as commercial fields, entertainment...etc. Internet media is not limited to a country or grtaincom^^n^yb^ycan^vehisownweb page. Therefore , not all accessible information are reliable and dependable as scientific references, since some of these information are commercial, other are • ' • still others are personal views, in addition to the scientific ones. This article deals with the types and patterns ofinformation that are usually obtained from the Internet, and discusses the role of the search engines in reaching the precise and trustable information and how to exclude unreliable information. .

Abstract

الشبكة الدولية للمعلوماتية هي احد الاركان الاساسية لشبكة لانترنيت وقد اصبحت مصدرا رئسيا للمعلومات العلمية

19

Determination of the Ratios of Ligands to Metal Ion of some Metal Complexes of Triazoles by Using El

Ali A.H. Saeed, Ayad. H. Jassim, Mahasin F. Ahmed

Pages: 110-115 English

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Abstract

We found that 4,5- diphenyl- 3(2- propynyl) thio- 1مر-triazole [1ا forms a complex with Pd (11) ion of ratio 1:1 which absorbs light in CH2CI2 at 400 nm, and 4,5- diphenyl- 3(2- propenyl) thio- 1,2,4- triazole [II] forms complexes with Pd (II) ion of ratio 1:1 which absorbs light at 390 nm, and of ratio 2:1 which absorbs light at 435 nm. On the other hand, we found that the new derivative 4- phenyl- 5( p- amino phenyl) -3- mercapto- 1,2,4- triazole ل111ا forms complexes with Cu (II) ion of the ratio 1:1 which absorbs light at 380 nm, with Ni (II) ion of the ratio 3:1 which absorbs light at 358 nm; and with Co (11) ion of the ratio 3.2:1 which absorbs light at 588 nm. The ratio of the complexes were determined by measuring the electronic spectra of the complexes in CH2G2 and (CH^NCHO at different concentrations ofthe ligands and f،xed ' •' of the metal ion in every case, then applying the molar ratio plots on the data. Our results were confirmed by precipitating most ofthe above complexes in solid state, and then each complex was analyzed elementally.

Abstract

لقد تم تعيين نسب معقدات بمذيبي كلوريد المثليين وثنائي مثيل فورمايديد بتركيز مختلف للكواشف

20

New record of the species Spongilla lacustris L. (Porifera)

Abdul-Rahman A. AI- Kubaisi

Pages: 116-118 English

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Abstract

The species Spongilla lacustris was identified for the first time in Iraq, it was found during winter 1998 in an irrigation canal within the campus of the University of Baghdad (Jadiriah), water is drawn from Tigris river. The specimens were found in water samples of sizes ranging between 5-50 cm with yellowish color . It was found in two habitats , one as attached on submerged aquatic plant Ceratophyllum sp., and the other on the canal bottom (concret material). Some physico- chemical characters were determined including conductivity ,salinity , pH, total alkalinity, total hardness, Ca ,Mg ,anddissolved oxygen. Water quality was fresh , alkaline, hard and well aerated.

Abstract

شخص للنوع Spongilla lacustris L. في نهر دجلةىخلال الشتاء 1998

21

Limnological features Diwanyia River, Iraq

Fikrat Majied Hassan

Pages: 119-124 English

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Abstract

Monthly water samples from three stations in Diwanya river at Diwanyia city were collected during December 1999 to June 2000. Variables from each stations were determined including ; temperature, pH ,dissolved oxygen, dissolved carbon dioxide , alkalinity ,total hardness, calcium ,magnesium , phosphate, nitrite, nitrate, chlorophyll-a , and total number of phytoplankton .The river considered as fresh water , alkaline ,very hard .The parameters recorded at different values from up and down stream.

Abstract

جرت دراسة شهرية لثلاث محطات مختارة في نهر الديوانية المار في مدينة الديوانية للمدة من كانون الاول 1999 الى حزيران عام 2000

22

Cytological study in the Iraqi speeies of the genus Bromus L. Poaceae)

Abdul - Karim K.A.Al-Bermani, Ebtihal M.A. Al-Husaini

Pages: 125-133 English

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Abstract

This paper is a part of a cytological studies of the genus Bromus L. in Iraq . Cl number for 103 specimens ropro^eming l^species determined . The course of meiosis including an analysis of chromosome configuradon for 27 collections belonging to 8 species were investigated . Meiosis was regular in most species . Tetraploid for B.scoparius L. (new cytotype ) and hexaploid ؛'or " Kunth. were re^rted for the first time, cytological findings were supported the view of maintaining the closely related species B.danthoniae Trin. and B.lanceolatus Roth, as distinct species .

Abstract

ان هذا البحث جزء من دراسة تصنيفية وخلوية للجنس Bromus في العراق

23

Enhancement of conversion efficiency of solar cells with different thickness of fluorescent coloring

Pages: 134-137 English

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Abstract

Different coating layers of fluorescent agent (FCA) on the solar cells were used. An increase of 35% in the energy conversion efficiency of the solar cell have been obtained. This increase is attributed to the reduction ofthe reflected light, eflection spectra show low values at higher thickness which explained the increase ofthe conversion efficiency with increases of layer thickness.

Abstract

استخدمت طبقات مختلفة من الصبغات الملونة المتفلورة وقد ادى ذلك الى زيادة كفاءة تحويل الخلية الشمسية بمقدار 35%

24

Computation of The Efficiency ofHarmonic Generation Using Cascading Configuration.

A.S.Jassim

Pages: 138-143 English

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Abstract

In the present work theoretical relations are derived for the efficiency evaluation for the generation of the third and the fourth harmonics u$ing crystal cascading configuration. These relations can be applied to a wide class of nonlinear optical materials. Calculations are made for beta barium borate (BBO) crystal with ruby laser /.=694.3 nm . The case study involves producing the third harmonics at X. =231.4 nm of the fundamental beam. The formula of efficiency involves many parameters, which can be changed to enhance the efficiency. The results showed that the behavior of the efficiency is not linear with the crystal length. It is found that the efficiency increases when the input power increases. 'I'he walk-off length is calculated for different spot sizes. It is found that when the spot size increases , the walk-off length increases too.

Abstract

يتضمن العمل الشاق العلاقات النظرية لتقدير الكفاءة المتولدة للتوافقيات الثالثة والرابعة باستخدام الترتيب المتتالي

25

Positron Annihilation Lifetime Study on free Volume Changes in TLD by Gamma - irradiation

A.A.AL-Bayati *

Pages: 144-148 English

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Abstract

Positron annihilation lifetime has been utilized for the first time to investigate the free - volume hole properties in thermolumenscent dosimeter ( TLD ) as a function of gamma-dosc . The hole volume, free volume fraction determined form orthopsitronium lifetime are found to be ،lamatically increase to large values , and then to minimum values as a function ofgamma-dose . The free - volume holes size is found to be 0.163nm’ and to have maximum of 0.166nm^ at the gamma-dose of 0.1 and 0.8 Gy, respectively-

Abstract

تم استخدام زمن عمر فناء البوزترون لاول مرة لدراسة خصائص الحجم الحر في مقياس الوميض الحراري الضوئي

26

Monitoring of Defects Concentration in Deformed Aluminum Using Doppler Broadening Technique

Ali A. Abdullah, Mazin M. Elias, Shafiq s. Shafiq

Pages: 149-153 English

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Abstract

Doppler broadening of the 511 keV positron annihilation ٨٠؛ ا was used to estimate the concentration of defects اة different deformation levels of pure alnminum samples. These samples were compressed at room temperature to 15, 22, 28, 38,40, and 75 % thickness reduction. The two-state ^sitron-trapping model has been employed. 'I he s and w lineshape parameters were measured using high-resolution gamma spectrometer with high pure germanium detector of 2.1 keV resolution at 1.33 MeV of 60Co. The change of defects concentration (Co) with the deformation level (e) is found to obey an empirical formula of the form Cd - A £ B where A and ٥ are positive constants that depend mainly on the deformation procedure and the temperature at which the deformation takes place.

Abstract

يتضمن البحث استخدام تقانة توسيع دوبلر لخط طاقة فناء البوزترون في تحديد تراكيز العيوب المجهرية

27

New Solar Thermal Materials

Ali A-K. Hussain

Pages: 154-157 English

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Abstract

A number of ehemical ion materials were used as an absorber against solar energy. These materials were selected according to their absorption spectra in the wavelength range 300-800nm where the solar spectrum is coventrated. A solar olleetorw^esigd and The ability of each material inside the collector for absorbing the solar radiation was examined by a converter parameter “R”.According to the “R” parameter, the cohaltous and copperic ions material seems to be of higher capability for absorbing solar energy than the other materials.All the results were analyzed by means of a least-squared fitting program. .

Abstract

يتضمن البحث استخدام عدد من المواد الكيمياوية والتي تحتوي عدة ايونات لاستخدامها كمواد ماصة للطاقة الشمسية

28

Determination of the neutron refleetion coefficient as a function of reflector material

R.M.Yousuf, Nidhala H.Kadhim

Pages: 158-160 English

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Abstract

This work presents a simple method for determination of the neutron reflection coefficient (n) as a function of different neutron reflector materials.A laboratory neutron source (Am-Be) with activity of 16 ci is employed with a (BF3) neutron detector. Am-BeThree types of reflector materials are used as samples, the thickness of each sample is (5cm).It is found that( ?7) is: -For polyethlyene = 0.818

Abstract

يقدم هذا البحث طريقة مبسطة لمعامل انكسار النيوترونات كدالة للمادة في عدة مواد عاكسة

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Variational Formulation with Deviating Arguments of Movable boundaries

Nadia K. Marie

Pages: 161-165 English

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Abstract

In this paper, we study, in details the derivation of the variational formulation corresponding to functional with deviating arguments corresponding to movable boundaries. Natural or transversility conditions are also derived, as well as, the Eulers equation. Example has been taken to explain how to apply natural boundary conditions to find extremal of this functional.

Abstract

درس في هذا البحث اشتقاق الصياغة اللغوية التغايرية المتماثلة لدالي مع تباطؤ في الزمن للحدود الغير معروفة المتحركة

30

On Almost Quasi-Frobenius Fuzzy Rings

Adil M. Ahmed, Inaain M. A. Hadi, Areeg T. Abou-Dareb

Pages: 166-173 English

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Abstract

In this paper, we introduce the concept of almost Quasi-Frobcnius fuzzy ring as a " " of Quasi-Frobenius ring. We give some properties about this concept with qoutient fuzzy ring. Also, we study the fuzzy external direct sum of fuzzy rings.

Abstract

في هذا البحث قدمنا مفهوم الحلقات الضبابية شبه الفروبينية تقريبا كتعميم لمفهوم الحلقات الضبابية شبه الفروبينية ....

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