MUSTANSIRIA DENTAL JOURNAL

Background: Soft denture liners are a type of dental prosthesis that functions as a cushioning material, alleviating the stress induced by the act of chewing. They offer relief to persons who encounter discomfort when wearing complete or partial dentures, particularly when these dentures are situated on rigid surfaces that support the denture.
The objective of this study: is to assess the effects of including L.Salvadora persica. and green tea (G.Tea) extract powders on the surface roughness and hardness characteristics of acrylic-based soft liners.
Materials & Procedures: 30 specimens were constructed using wax molds and acrylic-based heat-cured denture soft lining material. The standard curing procedure was used. The samples were separated into three equal groups: group A, the control group, with no additives in the soft-liner material; group B, with 5.12% weight percept L.salvadora persica extract powder; and group C, with 5.12% weight present green tea (G.Tea) extract powder. The samples were then prepared for surface hardness and roughness testing.
Results: The results revealed that there was a non-significant rise in the mean values of surface roughness for both group B and group C, group B having the highest mean values followed by group C. When compared to the control group, the results showed a considerable rise in the mean values of surface hardness in group (B), which had the highest mean value for surface hardness, followed by group (C).
Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the incorporation of L.salvadora persica at a concentration of 1.024g and green tea (G.Tea) extract powders at a concentration of 1.024g shown a positive impact on the surface hardness of denture soft lining materials. However, no significant influence was observed on the surface roughness of these materials.

Aim: To assess the fracture resistance of Premolars restored with inlay and onlay composite and E-max CAD/CAM block restoration.
Material and method: Randomly, fifty maxillary premolar teeth were separated into three major groups: The first group was left unaltered (control group), while the other two groups were prepared with inlay and onlay cavities and restored with lithium disilicate blocks (IPS E.max CAD) and ceramic composite blocks (Cerasmart). Restorations were bonded using adhesive resin cement (RelyX Ultimate). All samples were thermocycling 500 cycles, between 5 to 55°C and the cycle time was set at the 30s. The specimen was undergone compressive axial loading in a universal testing machine till the fracture occurred. The result was analyzed using one-way ANOVA, and LSD tests with a significance level set at 0.05.
Result: There were no significant differences in means between the control group and the inlay groups that were restored with Emax and Cerasmart (P >.05). However, the control group has significantly higher means than onlay groups restored with Emax and Cerasmart (P< .05). The two materials show comparable results in both designs.
Conclusion: The fracture resistance of inlay-prepared teeth showed comparable strength to the intact teeth. Conversely, the fracture resistance of onlay-prepared teeth is comparatively lower than intact teeth. The two materials show comparable results irrespective of cavity design.

Aim of the study: Assessing the relationship between Endosequence ESR, R-motion, F6 sky taper and Endosequence CM files use in curved canals and the quantity of apically extruded debris.
Materials and methods: 60 curved mesial roots of lower molars with 20-30 degree curvature were selected for this study, The samples were then divided randomly into four groups (n = 15)-Group I: EndoSequence ESR, Group II: R-motion (RM), Group III: F6 SkyTaper and Group IV: EndoSequence CM. This research followed the protocol devised by Myers and Montgomery, wherein debris were collected in vials and weighed before and after instrumentation using a 0.00001-sensitive balance. The instrumentation of all groups was terminated at master apical file #25. Irrigation with 10 ml of deionized water was administered using a needle with a side vent. The collected debris weight was calculated by deducting each vial's pre-instrumentation weight from its post-instrumentation weight. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the honestly significant difference (HSD) tests were used to assess the statistical significance of the variation in debris levels across the groups under investigation, using a significance level of 0.05.
Results: The results revealed that all tested groups had produced apical debris in different amounts.
Conclusions: Under the purview of the present investigation, apical debris was produced in all tested groups. The EndoSequence CM produced less amount of debris than other tested groups. While the RM and F6 SkyTaper produced a comparable amount of apical debris. The EndoSequence ESR produced the most amount of apical debris.

Purpose: This study evaluated the effect of different polyethylene fibers positions on fracture resistance of endodontic treated premolars.
Materials & Method: -
40 maxillary upper first premolars had been randomly divided in to 4 groups; (n=10). Except for control group, MOD cavity preparation with no steps were done within groups. After endodontic treatment and adhesive step and band application teeth restored with different techniques as follows: B-incremental with G- aenial posterior micro hybrid composite, C-circumferential Ribbond application (wallpapering) with incremental layering, D- bulkfill technique with ribbond reinforcement . Fracture test was measured using LARYEE device ( a computer controlled universal testing machine, China). Statistical analysis was done by One way ANOVA then LSD test to evaluate significance among groups.
Results: The highest mean of fracture resistance in restored groups was recorded with group C (885 N) (wallpapering technique); while group D showed the lowest fracture resistance mean (678 N).
Conclusion: positioning of polyethylene fibers circumferentially can enhance the fracture strength of endodontic treated teeth.

Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of a sports dietary supplement, which is Dymatize® Elite Casein (micellar casein), as a storage medium for avulsed teeth compared to Hank’s balanced salt solution at three-time intervals.
Methods: One hundred teeth freshly extracted for orthodontic treatment. Were divided into Hank’s balanced salt solution, Dymatize® Elite Casein, a Dry group, and a control that tested directly after extraction. Experimental groups' teeth were immediately immersed in the media and subdivided into three groups at time intervals (1 hr, 4 hrs, and 8 hrs). Cells of PDL were examined after being scraped, and labeled with trypan blue using a light microscope and a hemocytometer. The data were statistically analyzed, using one-way ANOVA with Graph Pad Prism 7. And, Post Hoc Tukey's test performed inferential to compare each test group to all other groups.
Results: All groups showed highly significant changes, except for Dymatize® and control at one hour, which showed non-significant differences. All experimental groups had highly significant differences after 4 and 8 hours.
Conclusion: The Dymatize® Elite Casein could serve effectively as a transport medium and preserve PDL viability over time ensuring replantation success. It is a good substitute with its superior properties.

The control of oral hygiene is of great importance, particularly in dental work, to prevent caries caused by bacteria. One method to inhibit bacterial growth is usually by using fluoridated dental materials. The objectives are to assess the effect of sodium fluoride powder (NaF) inclusion with different concentrations on the surface roughness and hardness of heat-cured acrylic resins. A total of forty disc-shaped samples with a diameter of (12±0.1) mm and a thickness of (2±0.1) mm have been fabricated from heat cure acrylic resin. They were grouped into four subgroups according to different concentrations of NaF with 10 specimens for each group. Sodium fluoride powder (NaF) was incorporated into the monomer in concentrations of 0% (control group), 1%, 3%, and 5%. Then mixing was done with polymer according to manufacturer instructions and the conventional flasking, and packing procedures were used. Finally, the specimens are subjected to hardness and surface roughness tests. The results of this study revealed that the lowest mean value surface roughness (Ra) was with the (5%) group of NaF (7828). While, for the surface hardness test, the group (5%) of Naf showed the highest mean value among their subgroups (82.30). According to the results of the current study, sodium fluoride powder (NaF) has a positive effect on both the surface roughness and hardness of acrylic resin.

Background: Gingivitis induced by biofilm is one of the most prevalent periodontal diseases. Due to their antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and other multipotent effects, a number of traditional medicinal plants are revered as pharmaceutical alternatives.
Aim: The aim of the current study was to assess the antioxidant efficacy of ginger containing dentifrice in control patients with biofilm induced gingivitis.
Materials and methods: In a double-blind, randomized, parallel clinical trial, one hundred adults suffering from gingivitis caused by dental biofilm were split into two groups and given either a ginger-containing or a control dentifrice to use for three months. Clinically, periodontal assessment and saliva collection were performed at the baseline visit and after three months of toothpaste use in order to determine the superoxide dismutase level.
Results: Ginger containing dentifrices showed a significantly improved in plaque (0.216+0.069) and bleeding on probing (7.818+7.339) index scores. In addition, a significant increase (22.082+1.510) in the level of SOD antioxidant after 3months compared with control dentifrice. Conclusion: Compared to conventional dentifrices, herbal dentifrices demonstrated promising outcomes.

Aims:The present study aimed to evaluate and examine the degree of marginal adaptation of several root canal sealers using a scanning electron microscope (AH Plus, MTA-Fillapex, Total-Fill, and GuttaFlow Bioseal) to root dentine.
Methods and Material:Forty extracted mandibular premolars with completely formed apices and a single root were selected. The root canals were instrumented after the decoronation of teeth. The samples (n = 10) were divided randomly into four groups. Group (1) was sealed with a resin-based sealer (AH Plus), Group (2) with an MTA-based sealer (MTA-Fillapex), Group (3) with a bioceramic sealer (TotalFill BC), and Group (4) with a silicone-based sealer (GuttaFlow Bioseal). After horizontally slicing samples with a diamond disk, marginal adaptability was evaluated using SEM.
One-way ANOVA test and the multiple Post hoc test of Tukey was reliant on the statistical analysis of the data.
Results: TotalFill BC has shown significantly higher marginal adaptation than MTA-Fillapex and GuttaFlow Bioseal (P < 0.05). There is no significant difference between apical and coronal sections in the four tested groups under SEM (P < 0.05).
Conclusions: Total fill BC outperformed the other tested sealers in terms of marginal adaptability.

Background: Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) Which are a subgroup of craniofacial pain disorders involving chronic pain, dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), masticatory muscles and associated musculoskeletal structures of the head and neck. Pain is one of the most frequent clinical features for these TMD in addition to the clicking, limitation of mouth opening and deviation. This study aimed to evaluate Digital evaluation of the occlusal instability parameters (Disclusion Time, Occlusion Time, trajectory of force Index and Occlusal Interferences).
Method: the study including 180 patients with free end extension and full dentition (kennedy classification class I and II) their age was between (20-50) years old .they had either disc displacement or myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome according to shiffman criteria.and also examined by digital T scan.
Result: the result showed significant pain difference between free end extension and full dentition patients.

Conclusion: The trajectory of force distribution is highly variable between the two major groups, the full dentition exhibit more posterior force while The free end patients tend to establish more anterior force which lead to a series of temporomandibular disorders.

Aim: The purpose of this research was to compare the fracture resistance of obturated roots prepared by using the Race Evo, Edge File X7, and Protaper Gold file systems.
Materials and methods: 60 extracted maxillary first molars were selected, their coronal portions were removed and their working length was calculated. The samples were separated into three experimental groups according to the used NiTi rotary systems and one control group; each group contains 15 samples. Group one remained uninstrumented (control), Groups 2-4 were instrumented by the Race Evo (FKG Dentaire SA, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland), Edge File X7(Edge Endo; Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States), and Protaper Gold file systems (Dentsply, Maillefer, Switzerland) respectively. After instrumentation, the experimental groups were filled using a single-cone technique. The sealer was mixed according to manufacturing instructions with master Gutta-Percha cones of size 40 (0.04 taper, (Diadent Group International, Korea) for Race Evo and Edge file X7, and size 40 taper 0.06 for the Protaper Gold file system (Dentsply, Maillefer, Switzerland). To set the sealer, the specimens were kept at 37 °C and 100% humidity for two weeks. The root fracture stress was measured in Newtons using Instron universal testing equipment.

Results: One Way ANOVA test showed there was a significant difference in the mean value of the fracture resistance between the four groups (P < 0.05). The LSD test was used for the comparison of the multiple groups so the control group showed the highest fracture resistance among groups (p < 0.05). among the experimental groups, the roots prepared by Race Evo showed the highest fracture resistance (p < 0.05), while roots prepared by Protaper Gold and Edge file x7 showed the lowest fracture resistance with a statistically significant difference (p > 0.05)

Backgrounds: Various information about acceptability (AT) and perceptibility thresholds (PT) for colour differences (∆E) was reviewed in dental literatures. There is consensus that determining (∆E) is ideal for identifying AT and PT. However, there is confusion about which values should be used. The aim of this review was to determine the discrepancies in research results and the critical value of ∆E.
Materials and methods: MEDLINE/PubMed and Google Scholar were screened for studies that investigated colour acceptability, perceptibility, ∆E, but were not sensitive to whether only AT or PT were used. 20 studies matched the study criteria and had been included in this review and clinical measurements were made using spectrophotometers.
Result: Most studies evaluated PT using approximately ∆E = 0.8–1.7. In terms of AT which ranged between 1.8 and 3.7 as a maximum. Many recent studies evaluate AT00=1.8 according to the CIE2000 colour difference formula.
Conclusion: Different formulas as ∆E00 (2000) or ∆Eab(lab) in colour expression may produce different results. The CIElAB formula (ΔEab) has greater evidence; however, current research recommends the CIE2000 formula ∆E. The absence of colourimetric control has a negative effect on overall product quality.

Expelling debris and irrigating solution during cleaning and shaping is an inevitable incidence during endodontic treatment. Any irritation of the periapical area can initiate a flareup situation which can affect the prognosis of endodontic treatment. Thus, Controlling the amount of apically extruded debris increases the success rate of endodontic treatment. Furthermore, the incidence of flare-ups during endodontic treatment can be reduced by selecting the NiTi file system with the lowest apically extruded debris. Despite the advances in endodontic file design that aims to conservatively prepare the apical third of root canals, extruding debris toward the apex is still a non-eliminated issue with all instrumentation systems. The purpose of this review is to identify the effect of each design characteristic on the amount of debris expelled beyond the apical foramen. The strategy of this review focused on reviewing specific electronic databases, time, keywords, and standardized methods. Literature reviewing included studies from almost 20 years ago and up to 2022. In conclusion, the design of the NiTi endodontic file has a significant impact on the amount of apically extruded debris.

Aim of the study: This study was designed to examine the effects of addition of Zirconium oxide nanoparticles (ZrO2NPs) into Glass Ionomer luting cement (GIC) on the film thickness, compressive strength and Shear Bond Strength.
Materials and methods: ZrO2NPs at (3% and 5%) concentrations were added to GIC luting cement, while the unmodified GIC cement was used as control. ISO 9917-1:2007 were used for Film thickness test, compressive strength and Shear Bond Strength. Data were analyzed via one-way ANOVA and the Tukey post hoc test, using SPSS version 23.
Results: The obtained results revealed a statistically significant difference among the tested groups for Film thickness and compressive strength (P<0.05). Regarding Shear Bond Strength test no significant difference was observed.
Conclusion: The incorporation of ZrO2NPs improved compressive strength, increased film thickness concentration-dependently. Yet, didn’t affect shear bond strength.

Background: Saliva represents the body's stages of toxicological, hormonal, immunological, and markers of many infectious disease and disorders, so that it's an ideal tool for monitoring oral and systemic health.
Antioxidants help the body's defensive system by reducing oxidative stress.

Aims of the study: The study was directed to estimate the carious lesion experience (DMFS) in relation to salivary superoxide dismutase and total protein among adults by age and gender.

Materials and methods: Caries experiences was assessed according to DMFS index, after investigation eighty peoples of an age 19-22 years for both genders. Stimulated salivary samples were together and chemically assessed to detect selected salivary antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, total protein), under standardized condition. Total protein and superoxide dismutase were measured by spectrophotometric examination.

Results: With not-significant differences, total protein was found to be higher in the caries active group than in the caries free group, but salivary superoxide dismutase was the opposite. with statistically not-significant differences, females had a greater average of the salivary total protein than men, whereas men had a greater average of salivary superoxide dismutase than females. the first group (19-20 years) had a not-significant greater average salivary total protein and salivary superoxide dismutase than the second group (21-22 years).

Conclusion: Salivary superoxide dismutase is the important factor in dental caries prevention. As a result, alterations in salivary content are crucial in the development and progression of dental caries.