Muthanna Medical Journal

In otolaryngology, epistaxis—nosebleeds—are prevalent and severe. It is estimated that 10% to 60% of people will have at least one serious episode in their lives. This research will question people on how they stop nosebleeds and compare their replies to the medically recommended practice. This cross-sectional study assessed 105 paramedics in Baghdad's Emergency Wards, focusing on their demographics, education, and experience in managing epistaxis (nosebleeds). Key evaluation areas included the patient's position, pressure application on the nose, duration and method of pressure, use of nasal packs, ice application, and decision-making about when to call specialists. Their skills were scored on a scale from 'Very Good' to 'Bad', providing insights into their proficiency and variations in epistaxis management practices. This study, conducted from October 2022 to June 2023 in Baghdad, involved 105 paramedics in Emergency Wards, predominantly with less than 5 years of experience. It focused on assessing their first aid measures for epistaxis (nosebleeds), revealing varied practices like positioning, nasal pressure, and use of ice. Only a small fraction demonstrated very good knowledge in these procedures. Statistical analysis indicated a significant correlation between the paramedics' gender and educational level with their proficiency in handling epistaxis, but not with their duration of work in the Emergency Ward. Inconclusion, this research illuminates Baghdad paramedics' first aid practices, identifying strengths and places for development, particularly in emergency medical protocols. To provide the best emergency treatment, paramedics need ongoing training.

Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) is a minimally invasive, very precise surgical technique that has innovated for the management of chronic nasal and paranasal sinus lesions. the prospective study was performed at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology in Basra Teaching Hospital, in the period from February 2019 to August 2020. The study included sixty-two patients who were clinically, endoscopically, and radiologically suggestive to have Sino-nasal diseases and did not respond to usual medical treatment. The study included sixty-two patients, thirty-four of them were males twenty-eight were females, male to female ratio was 1.21:1, their ages ranged from 9 to 74 years, the commonest age group operated upon was 41-50 years. In conclusion, Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) is a minimally invasive surgical procedure that allows direct thorough visual examination and re-opening of the sinuses for the treatment of a set of sinonasal diseases, which has not responded to medical treatment. The use of FESS permits a much less aggressive and traumatic procedure, resulting in a shorter time for surgery and the healing process, with very good improvement, less postoperative awkwardness, and relatively fewer surgical complications.

Urinary tract infections [UTIs], a significant public health concern, can be brought on by a wide
variety of bacteria, including Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Enterococcus faecalis,
Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus saprophyticus. The high recurrence rates and
evolving antibiotic resistance of uropathogens constitute a serious threat to the financial
burden of these disorders. Pathogens in urine can be detected using a variety of diagnostic
approaches, which are broadly divided into laboratory-based and point-of-care [POC]
detection methods. Many research institutions and companies working in this subject have
strived to establish a rapid and accurate pathogen identification because traditional
approaches may be time-consuming. The indications and symptoms are further divided into
the following three groups: General signs and symptoms like fever; lower urinary tract
symptoms including urgency, frequency, and dysuria; and non-specific signs and symptoms
such as nausea and malaise. Additionally, the prevalence of UTIs brought on by multidrug
resistance [MDR] is rising, which has a considerable negative impact on the propagation of
antibiotic resistance as well as the financial burden of these infections.

Immunization is an effective means for preventing illness and reducing the burden of various infectious diseases. Incomplete or partial immunization poses a serious threat to the health of children in many developing countries, including Iraq. The objectives are to investigate the prevalence of missed opportunities for immunization (MOI) and its associated factors among children aged below two years old attending primary health care centers (PHCCs) in Baghdad/Al-Karkh. A cross-sectional study involving 500 children’s companions attending PHCCs in Baghdad/Al-Karkh from the 1st of September 2022 to the 1st of July 2023. The respondents were enrolled using a systematic random sample technique and interviewed with a self-administered questionnaire. Vaccines studied in this study were within the National Programmed on immunization schedule including BCG, Hepatitis B birth dose, OPV, PCV13, Rota, Pentavalent (HBV, Hib, and DPT), IPV, Measles and MMR vaccines. Data analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Science Version 22. Inferential statistics of the Chi-square test were used to test an association between various socio-demographic variables. The level of significance was <0.05. The results revealed that the overall prevalence of MOI was 31.6%. The commonest vaccines missed were those given at 18th –months of age (MMR2 booster, OPV, and DPT booster) at a rate of 46.9%. Non-availability or lack of vaccine(s), child sickness, visit of client on the wrong day of vaccination, and vaccine not opened for one child, were the major reasons responsible for MOI among children attending PHCCs in Baghdad/Al-Karkh. In conclusion, nearly one of every three children aged below two years old in Baghdad /Al-Karkh was incompletely vaccinated; non-availability of vaccine(s) was the main cause of incomplete immunization.

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is considered a re-emerging disease in various regions, like the Middle East, Central Asia, and northern and eastern Africa. In sub-Saharan Africa, CE is highly endemic. In Sudan, high prevalence estimates of CE in both livestock and definitive hosts were reported. Strain variation and genetic diversity still need to be elucidated in this area. The aim of this study is to genotype and to study the phylogenetic relations and taxonomic status of the Echinococcus species. A total of 418 hydatid cysts were collected from the abattoirs survey from camel and cattle isolates,12 isolates from camels in the Tamboul area, and 18 isolates from cattle collected from (10,6, and 2 from, Nyala, Addein, and Kass, respectively), isolates (of Echinococcus (Camelus dromedaries) were collected from (Tamboul, Nyala and Addein areas, Sudan. Molecular identification of Echinococcus species was determined by specific G5/6/7 genotype PCR and G6/7 genotype-specific PCR using 1073-1078 bp and 254 bp of mtDNA respectively. Nad1, 12srRNA gene 10 isolates (2,8 respectively) for DNA sequencing were conducted. Sequences alignments reported novel mutations of Nad1, cattle isolates of 12srRNA gene showed 98% Identity within database blasting between Gene bank E. ortleppi isolates, which have both and suggest that the Nad1 gene is continuing to evolve in the face of the current taxonomy profile. Very few bp exchanges differentiate G6 and G7, and ‘intermediate’ haplotypes have been observed, which merge them into a single genotype G6/7. A further molecular survey is needed to explore the situation of Echinococcus genotypes from human patients in Sudan.

Millions of people worldwide suffer from osteoarthritis, which is a major health problem. The accessible medicines are used in changing the side effects of osteoarthritis however missing illness alterations, not with-standing drug after-effects, and care expenses without adequacy of side effects help. This study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. We look for relevant articles in all articles published between December 30, 2007, and December 30, 2022, in the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Wanfang Database, CNKI, and Web of Science databases. With an average follow-up of 18.33 months, this study included 364 patients with knee joint osteoarthritis from 12 completely published articles. Data from seven studies using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score. In Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BM-MSCs), the baseline score on the Visual Analogue Scale decreased. These results suggested that there was no significant relationship between the BM-MSCs at three months (Weighted Mean Difference (WMD) = 1.07, 95% CI: − 2.44, − 0.39, p= 0.074); and the greatest decrease in VAS score compared to the control at 18.33 months, WMD = 6.04, 95 percent CI: − 10.34, − 0.38, p = 0.017. In clinical applications, intra-articular injection of BM-MSCs has advantages for treating OA because it reduces pain index, improves knee movement, and increases cartilage volume.