Contemporary Islamic Studies Magazine

The origin of the fundamental movement of human freedom stems from his being, with the capabilities and personal abilities available to him in choosing one of his options, preferring some of them over others, or rejecting them all, and at the theoretical and practical levels, and the one who investigates the circumstances of that movement that begins from the mental movement between the known and the unknown, feels the throes of movement and what It leads to a result, and then to a decision; In order to translate it into voluntary procedural behavior consistent with the outcome of that movement or contrary to it.
For this reason, this study set out to explain the problem of the determinants of the concept of freedom and its characteristics in light of the Holy Qur’an and the thinkers of positivist studies and their philosophers, and the difference in their visions, and the impact of that on the cognitive arena, and on the right to human freedom. In response, the study sought to identify the gap of contrast between the two visions as a real problem of On the one hand, and the insight of thinkers of positive visions and their philosophers about the vision of the Holy Qur’an and its moderation in defining the concept and its characteristics among the vocabulary of human rights, and its precedence in that on the other hand, so that the outcome becomes the hypothesis of the study.

There are different trends in understanding the sacred religious texts. Some reject the approach completely and in detail, while others support it strongly. Perhaps the most important new trends that are invading the world in general, and the Islamic world in particular at the current stage, are religious pluralism, and some Opinions regarding the change in Sharia law and rulings, which are essentially due to some theories in understanding the text, such as philosophical hermeneutics, which believes in the multiplicity of readings and the relativity of knowledge. Philosophical hermeneutics, which has a prominent importance in the contemporary reality among some contemporary Muslim thinkers such as Nasr Hamid Abu Zaid, as well as in criticism of religious discourse, the theory of contraction and expansion by Abdul Karim Soroush, and the logical opinions of Muhammad Mujtahid Shabestari and those who say that different readings of texts are inevitable. One person to another and from one era to another.

Doctrine has had an important role in a person’s life since it was found on this earth, as it always resorted to something that does not know its nature in order to be relieved of its pain. It defends it and works to establish it in the successive generations of it, whether this belief is true or false, and the Islamic belief is one of the most important and supreme of these beliefs that the Islamic legislator sought to establish in the hearts of Muslims in various ways, including the statement of its position in the Holy Qur'an, so he called for freedom to choose the belief and show The universality of religion is easy Mai after the correct methods in the call to God Almighty, After clarifying the correct methods of calling to God, glory be to Him, just as the prophetic narratives sought to do so by inviting them to the absolute surrender of God, glory be to Him, and obedience to his successors in his land and adherence to his followers.

Bullying is an emerging term that is meant to resemble a person with a tiger, that cunning predatory animal, as it includes the meaning of assaulting others, harming them, and hurting them. As Islam had a major role in eliminating it, it had the forefront in addressing this behavior through its call to good morals and sublime morals that Muslims must abide by in their treatment of each other, and this research came to shed light on the concept of bullying and some of its evidence in the noble Sunnah.

This research is a discussion about an important jurisprudential issue. In which the jurists differed، which is the ruling on making up missed prayers for a Muslim who intentionally left him. The research was divided into two sections، in the first topic: a brief presentation of the life of Abu Bakr the workbook، and the definition of the most famous research vocabulary، which includes weighting and prayer. In the second topic: presenting the issue of making up the prayers for the baptized person; Starting with the weighting of Sheikh Abu Bakr al-Musannef، and then bringing the doctrines of the jurists، their evidence، and explaining the evidence from them، by referring to the approved jurisprudential books that were mentioned in them، concluding with mentioning the researcher’s opinion regarding this difference; based on the comparative method.
The research reached several results; The most prominent of which is that it is not obligatory to eliminate those who intentionally left prayer، and it is desirable to perform supererogatory prayers and do good deeds، to redress the losses.

The research aims to show that the difference in the jurisprudential definitions has a great impact on changing the jurisprudential rulings of the Imamiyyah, and there is no doubt that The definition is of great importance, as through it the general and distinctive aspects of something are identified, and it is clarified accurately and highlighted from what else, just as a person is known by his name, characteristics, and characteristics that distinguish him, so the definition is in the sense of limitation or drawing, so every jurisprudential term is defined by the jurist and on the basis of this definition The ruling and the legitimate assignment are clear about it, so we see the first places of difference between the jurists starting from the jurisprudential definitions, which are also among the reasons that lead to the difference in the legal rulings.

The concept of the intellect is a point of contention between the Akhbaris and Usulis schools. The Akhbaris School is criticized for disregarding the intellect and not considering it, while the Usulis school accords the intellect a significant role, recognizing it as one of the sources of legislation. However, research reveals results that challenge the negative stance on the intellect in the Akhbaris School. In reality, proponents of the Akhbaris school assign substantial importance to the intellect in religious knowledge, with their main objection being the attribution of legislative rights to the intellect.

This study deals with the concept of freedom in Islam and how it overlaps and affects economic freedom. The study includes an analysis of the complex relationship between personal and economic freedoms in the Islamic context. It sheds light on the meaning of freedom in Islam and how it gives the individual the ability to make decisions and act in accordance with Islamic law and ethics. The overlap between personal and economic freedoms is addressed, as it reviews how decisions of personal freedom can affect the personal and collective economy. On the other hand, the research shows how economic and social conditions affect personal freedoms, such as the impact of poverty and wealth on individuals' access to basic services such as education and health. The study also sheds light on the importance of achieving a balance between personal and economic freedoms within the framework of Islam, as it reviews the legal provisions and principles that define the limits and restrictions of these freedoms and maintain a balance between them..
In conclusion, the study seeks to understand how personal and economic freedoms overlap and impact in Islam, and how they can be balanced in order to achieve the principles of religion and economic values in the context of Islamic society.

This research deals with the materials and methods used in the interpretation of the summary. The method of interpretation of the Qur’an by the Qur’an is considered one of the oldest exegetical approaches to the Qur’an, and it is an original branch of the initial version. The concept of the traditional method is divided into two parts: the interpretation of the Qur’an by the Qur’an, and the interpretation of the Qur’an by narration. The great masters of interpretation and the first did not find this application in the interpretation, and they benefited from it in many ways.

The research bears the title (Inferring by Metaphor in the Mu'tazila to Interpret Descriptive Attributes "Qazi Abd al-Jabbar as a Model")
The study of metaphor is the most important of the investigations of rhetoric, and this is a detailed study that aims to reveal the close relationship between Mu'tazili thought and the study of metaphor in the Qur'an, especially the attributes of the predicate of God Almighty. Or tell their opinions, and Judge Abdul-Jabbar was an encyclopedia and the only person to whom everyone who wants to study or know everything about the Mu’tazila sect who appeared at the end of the second century AH and know their independent opinions, and this prompted the researcher to choose this topic, and the main feature in Mu’tazila thought in general is their elevation The matter of the mind, this exaltation that distinguished them from other theologians and had an impact on their remarkable interest in the interrelationship between the subject of metaphor and the fields of language and knowledge in general. In the researcher, the analytical approach was adopted, and for this reason the research was divided into three sections, the first research is a definition of the Mu’tazila and Judge Abdul-Jabbar Al-Hamedani, the second topic is metaphorical for the Mu’tazila and Judge Abal-Jabbar, and the third and final topic is the prescriptive qualities of the judge Abdul-Jabbar.

This research sheds light on the issue of knowledge integration and the need to apply it in the field of fatwa, This is done through the definition of cognitive integration, its dimensions and history, the definition of the fatwa, the conditions of the mufti, and the presentation of the means affecting the fatwa. The importance of this research lies in knowing that other sciences are not legal sciences, Like the humanities, for example, They are also divine sciences and can be used and benefited from under the standard of divine revelation, This happens when we attribute the source of things in the universe to God Almighty, And since the source of the fatwa is divine revelation directly, we must use it accurately and refer it to the facts in a good way This happens when we have studied the issue in all its aspects, using other sciences in the process.

As it’s known to all of us that the holy way is acknowledged as the second source of law in islam after the holy quran, The holy way is the pure policy that the prophet has left for us, That has inlighted the night just like the day for us.
The islamic belief is like a well built castle, Whomever is committed to it will be saved from the world and afterlife, One of the most important topics are (The sacred names and characteristics of god) and studying them are considered one of the most important sciences, And about this topic there are studies about the saying that goes : (God created adam like himself), from the past scientists have had conflicts over its meaning, What is the purpose behind “like himself“?
This subject concentrates on the opinions of the scientists and explains their beliefs.

This research seeks to focus on the most important men’s basic adopted for authentication and weakening by the leader of the scientific Hawza, Mr. Abu Qasim al-Khoei and Mr. Mohammad Reda Al Sistani This research includes an introduction and this chapter contains four topics. The introduction was a definition of the science of men and a presentation of the biographies of the two scholars , while the first chapter was titled 'Features of Men's' Thought in the Perspective of Sayyid al -Khoei and Sayyid Muhammad Reza al-Sistani, and it included four topics: the first topic: the basic rules of the science of men and the choice of all the two scholars, and the second topic: guide statement of the men and clarify the choice for each of them. The third topic: the standards of documentation and weakening of the leader, Sayyid al-Khoei and Sayyid Muhammad Reda al-Sistani, and as for the fourth topic: general documentation of Sayyid al-Khoei and Sayyid Muhammad Reda al-Sistani, this research was concerned with highlighting the most important basics of masculine And presented them in a systematic way , by presenting the opinions of Sayyid al-Khoei and comparing them with the opinions of Sayyid Muhammad Reza al -Sistani, with weighting the opinion of one of them or the tendency to the opinion of a third other than the other, according to the findings of the research.

Man naturally is a social being. He cannot live normally without others. He needs to be around people. There has to be a system hat shows the forms of relations between man and his urroundings in order to build functional societies. These relationships consist of words and actions that have come together under morality. Ethics is one of the reasons for the research of the Prophet, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, as he said: (I was sent to complete the righteousness of morals)
The research dealt with this aspect (ethical educational principles) in the guidance of the interpretation of Sheikh Othman Abdul Aziz, which he called "Tafsiri Qur'anic Piroz". In addition to that, it showed the efforts of Kurdish scholars in understanding the Qur'an and Sharia in general, and educational issues and principles in particular.
The researcher used the descriptive approach in the research, collecting the opinions and sayings of Sheikh Othman Abdul Aziz from the ethical side and what these ethics bear from the educational effects on the individual and society. The aim is to live according to the method of Islam, and to win paradise in the afterlife. The researcher reached the following results:
- The research confirmed that we can raise children in a healthy Islamic method.
-The research highlighted the educational and moral aspects with the intention of -implementing His commands and avoiding His prohibition

Obedience is the theory of theories in the position deveration, it is very important to learn the fruits of this theory in this area, and this is what the study in this research, in which three detectives section included some fruits arising from this theory, relying on in her analysis, Allen The announcement that the Finder, not a disagreement between the fundamentalists the right obedience to sire, but in the capacity of this right, as complete judgment in suspicion associated with science, according to static (the theory Punishment without nastiness statement) and also performed it is whole.

The search discusses one of the most importance topics which it serves book « Garan" and Sunnah which is jurisprudence of Hadithi hrough it, we can arrive to kto knowkdge of the legal rulings
legal rulings, and since the Qur’an and the Sunnah of the Prophet were the focus of most jurisprudential rulings. the desire. In determining the nature of this science, its importance, and its history among the Iqamas, the study reached several results, including:
1 - It is a science that stands on its own.
2 - Its hadith is an ancient science that presents its customs. For the art of the Messenger, the meanings of the verse.
3- Indeed, from the hadith, which we show, some of them are understood by the words of the infallible, peace be upon him. That his fatwa indicates the Imamate, hadith jurisprudence

This research explores the life of Fatima al-Zahra (peace be upon her) through modern scholarship. It details her upbringing in the loving household of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him and his family) and Khadijah al-Kubra (peace be upon her), highlighting her devotion as a daughter and her marriage to Imam Ali. The paper then explores her virtues and status, including her numerous titles, Quranic references, and central role within Ahlul Bayt. Finally, it acknowledges the challenges she faced after her father's passing but emphasizes her unwavering faith and enduring legacy as a role model for Muslims worldwide.

Iraq played a major leadership role in confronting the extremist terrorist organizations that emerged in 2003, and it still carries the banner of this confrontation to this day. In this context, this research seeks to evaluate and compare the strategic, legal, and media aspects of one of the most dangerous terrorist organizations that have emerged on the scene, which is the Islamic State, known in the media as Islamic State organization. This is from the time he claimed the establishment of his alleged state in 2014 until its fall in Iraq in 2017. The research also seeks to reveal the map of the transformation of this terrorist organization into currents after the intensification of jurisprudential debates between its legislators, and the impact of these disputes on the disintegration of its internal structure. According to following the methodology of induction, description, analysis and comparison, which led to reaching the most prominent results: that Islamic State organization does not have a deep legal rooting; Except to the extent that it facilitates control and control, and that it has transformed from an organization into a network that moves with a political mentality more than a religious organization, and conceals itself in the lofty meaning of jihad as a means to achieve its goals, adopting takfir to remove its opponents. The observed path of its decline is attributed to external factors: such as the military campaigns of the security forces and the Popular Mobilization Forces, and factors within the corridors of the organization: such as methodological disagreements and legal and organizational divisions within its internal ranks.

Intrusion and the situation in general and the presence of Israeli women in particular are among the most important factors that prevent one from understanding the religious text. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to it and work to discover it so as not to be negatively affected by it in the process of understanding the religious text. Since the phenomenon of the Israelites is common and widespread and has taken its root in books of hadith and interpretation, it is therefore necessary to work on scrutinizing and scrutinizing these narrations, both by specialists in particular, and even by the general public, and not being satisfied with what is frequently reported by the general public, as this is the responsibility of everyone until we arrive at a pure text purified of Impurities

Talking about Qur’anic readings is an important matter that leads to identifying a number of important rules in our classical Arabic language and in the grammar that scholars have derived from the Holy Qur’an, the noble Prophet’s hadith, the sayings of classical scholars, and Arabic poetry when they delved into Qur’anic readings in an important book by a distinguished personality that contributed to bringing the explanation of the readings closer together. This is what Ibn al-Sakit said in his book Reforming Logic at the Phonological, Morphological and Syntactic Levels.

The research deals with the techniques of graphic arguments represented by the argumentative analogy and metaphor, seeking to present a graphic argumentative approach and how to invest its energies in the words of Al-Mukhtar Al-Thaqafi, and the effectiveness of all of this in achieving functions at the semantic level, perhaps the most prominent of which is the persuasive effectual purpose, along with a number of functions at the level of rhetoric and beauty to reveal a rich historical sample Produced argumentative picture.

The standards of consistency and coherence are considered among the criteria that focus on the text itself, without considering the text's producer, recipient, or the surrounding circumstances. This may undermine the concept of textuality because language is fundamentally a communicative activity and not just a system of words. Textual structures usually aim to contribute to communication and social interaction; thus, they include dynamic means. Therefore, it was necessary to "incorporate the orientations of text users within textual standards." In this research, another textual criterion, which is the criterion of intentionality that established by De Beaugrand, will be tackled with. This criterion examines the textual quality from the communicative perspective in text analysis. The researcher will attempt to test the effectiveness of this criterion and its ability to achieve textuality in the book "Nahj al-Sa'adah fi Mustadrak Nahj al-Balagha".
This research is divided into two parts. The first part is theoretical, where the intentionality is explained linguistically and in terms of terminology, and the views of ancient and contemporary scholars on it are mentioned as well. As for the second part, it is the application of the criterion of intentionality on the book "Nahj al-Sa'adah fi Mustadrak Nahj al-Balagha".

In the research paper, I dealt with the morphological research in the interpretation of Surat Al-Ikhlas by Nasir Al-Din Al-Jilani Al-Lahiji, this great surah that is specialized in the monotheism of God Almighty, as it is equivalent to a third of the Qur’an, in terms of defining the morphological level because of its great importance in defining the meaning and influence in it, and it also dealt with topics Separate from what was mentioned in the author, such as the formulas of exaggeration, substitution, derivation, and the forbidden in exchange, so I talked about the topic in general and then mentioned the opinions of the author that were received or the opinions of scholars or the evidence that he explained in the interpretation of the verse.

In writing this research, the researcher followed the descriptive and explanatory approach, as he dealt with the exception according to Sayyed Tabatabai in his interpretation of Al-Mizan, and how he preferred and permitted it, and took into account its grammatical issues in directing it. These issues are: the difference in defining the exception from it, and preferring the exception to be returned to the last sentence instead of From its return to two sentences, giving preference to the exception being continuous over its being discontinuous, and preferring the interrupted exception to being continuous.

This research aims to find out and Identify the indirect Quranic quotation، which was employed by the poet Ibn Wahboun in most of his poems, and his important role In delivering the poet's Intention to the recipient, In this type of Quranic show the possibility of the poet in taking from the Koran in a way that may be ambiguous to the reader, but the discreet reader who has a wide religious knowledge can extract and know it through some suggestions or references In the literary text and link them with the Quranic text.

Abstract:
The problem for which this study was developed: It is an educational crisis in general and an ethical crisis in particular. It was formulated in the following question: (What is the Qur’anic introduction to the educational discourse in Al-Zahra’s sermon, (peace be upon her). He began to study the educational discourse in the sermon of Al-Zahra, peace be upon her. For considerations whose importance becomes clear in the market as follows:
The importance of the biography of the personality of Al-Zahra, peace be upon her, and her virtues of justice, strength, determination, sacrifice, and devotion for the sake of God Almighty, her impact and impact on society in general. She is a character who was raised in the house of revelation, hearing from him and taking from him - her father Muhammad, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him. And his family and peace be upon him.”
The importance of her blessed sermons, which included the elements of her personality in her written composition, which represented her as the source of the highest role model in Islam throughout the ages. It is considered a source of inspiration for fertile material in research, study, writing, and moral representation in the uses of discourse in general, and specifically in educational discourse.
Her attention to the Qur’anic texts that authenticated the phrases of her sermons, peace be upon her, and made them the moral and educational standard in building the human self.
The aim of the research: to identify the theoretical foundation of the moral cultural behavior that the individual learner uses in teaching science?
Based on the problem and importance of this study; It aims to identify the educational discourse in the sermon of Al-Zahra “peace be upon her”, a Qur’anic approach, as it is divided into two sections. The first section includes: theoretical axes in the terminological structure of the variables of the study, and the second section includes: applied models from the sermon of Al-Zahra “peace be upon her”, and then the conclusions and recommendations of the study.

The current study aimed to identify the effect of using the brainstorming strategy on improving the critical thinking skills of eleventh grade students in Islamic Education in the schools of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The researcher adopted the experimental approach. The study tool consisted of a test to measure critical thinking. Its validity and reliability were verified by the appropriate statistical methods, and it was applied to a sample of (56) learners, divided into two groups: an experimental group (28) learners who studied using brainstorming, and a control group (28) learners who studied using the traditional method. The test was applied to both groups before and after the experiment. After obtaining the test results of the two groups, the statistical analysis of the scores was performed.
The study reached a set of results, the most important of which are: the presence of a statistically significant difference at the level of significance (α≤05.0) between the two groups due to the brainstorming strategy in developing critical thinking, and in favor of the experimental group. It was also noted that there were no statistically significant differences between the average The scores of the experimental group in the post and follow-up applications of the critical thinking test.

The research dealt with "scientific theories that explain behavioral deviation and the position of Islamic law around it." With an introduction and five topics, where the first topic deals with the biological theory explaining behavioral deviation, the second topic with psychological theory, the third topic with social theory, the fourth topic with integrative theory, and the fifth topic with the Islamic view that explains behavioral deviation and the position of Islamic law on scientific explanations for deviation, This topic includes two demands, the first: in the Islamic view that explains behavioral deviation, and the second in the position of Islamic law regarding scientific explanations of behavioral deviation. In the conclusion, the researcher reaches a set of results, and that the effort made in this research is a human effort that is subject to error and rightness, and that the hope is in God Almighty that the research has succeeded in hitting the truth.

The study aims to identify the Islamic education curriculum through the curricula in the preparatory stage in the Kurdistan Region, its topics, vocabulary, shares, and what is taken on it, and to indicate its importance for the preparation, education and preparing of the student, and to rely on the descriptive and analytical curriculum to the topics studied, and there should be between the topics to be studied and the social issues on the one hand so that it will have a coincidence with the social goals on which the school mission is based, and the response for the social requests from the religious, intellectual, educational, cultural, doctrinal perspectives on the other hand. This research aims to indicate the amount of time allocated to Islamic education and identify island differences between Islamic education and other curricula at the same stage.

Authority, as a political, historical, social and legal phenomenon of human society, is a necessity that arises with every political society that accompanies it and accompanies it. One of its first tasks is to provide security and security for the political group. The reason for this necessity is not that authority is what creates the system, but the reason lies in the multiplicity of conflicting interests that require the ability to prevent collision. And establishing balance.
If the intellectual jurisprudence and jurisprudential consensus indicate that there is no group without an authority that presides over the destinies of its components, it has the ability and the coercion to submit to the orders and prohibitions it enacts that obligate everyone to them. Islam has made the authority of the emirate a necessity and an obligation. This is because the Muslim person is obligated to make his life and all his words, deeds, actions, and his relationship with people in accordance with the approach of Islam and the provisions it reveals that control deviant tendencies and wandering desires. The Muslim individual cannot shape his life according to this method unless he the society in which he lives is organized.