Iraqi Journal of Cancer and Medical Genetics

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non coding RNA, found to play critical roles in tumor progression. The aim of this project was to investigate the expression of miR-21, miR-26b, miR-429 and miR-378 in human breast cancer tissues. By using TaqMan qRT-PCR assay to detect the expression of these selected miRNAs in 12 pairs of breast cancer tissues and their corresponding noncancerous breast tissues. Data indicated that the relative level of miR-21 was up regulated in cancer tissues (p 0.0014), miR-26b was significantly down regulated in breast cancer tissues (p 0.0017), While the novel expression of miR-429 was significantly up regulated in breast cancer tissues (p 0.0131) and novel down expression of miR-378 in breast cancer tissues (p 0.0006). These microRNAs might be a potential molecular biomarker for early detection of breast cancer in women.

This study was carried out to investigate the protective role of 70% ethanolic alcohol extract of Hawthorn (crataegus oxyacantha ) and crude polyphenolic compounds of black olive fruits (oleae uropae) on some physiological functions of the male rats kidney treated with 1% hydrogen peroxide .Twenty mature male newzeland rats were divided randomly into four equal groups and treated for 30 days as follows:-control group which were given ordinary tap water , first treated group (G1) was given 1% H2O2 in drinking water , the second treated group (G2) was orally given alcoholic extract of Hawthorn 300 mg / kg B.W. with 1%hydrogen peroxide H2O2in drinking water , third treated group(G3) was given 200mg /kg B.W. of crude extract of black olive with 1% H2O2 . Blood samples were collected at zero time and 30 days of the experiment for measuring the following parameters: - concentration of uric acid, urea, creatinine and glucose. The results showed significant increased in the concentration of uric acid and glucose of the group treated with 1%hydrogen peroxide H2O2 (G1) and significant decrease in the concentration of uric acid, creatinine, glucose of treated groups G2and G3, also significant decrease in the concentration of urea of treated group (G3) as compared with control group. Histological study revealed that oral treatment with 1%H2O2 caused cell necrosis and vacuolar degeneration of renal epithelial cells. It is concluded that treatment with hawthorn and crude polyphenol showed no clear pathological lesions. The present study documented the deleterious effect of H2O2 and renoprotective effect of Hawthorn and black olive fruits.

This study includes the investigation of oral contraceptives pills effect (Yasmin) on women who used the contraceptive pills by measuring the percentage of DNA damage. Comparison process depends on evaluation of DNA damage percentage on blood lymphocytes in women who used the contraceptive pills for different periods by using comet assay. The presented results obtained from 25 women handling contraceptive pills and 15 women who had not used the pills.
The samples were divided into two groups according to the period of contraceptive pills treatment to (2-5) years and (6-8) years. Using image analysis software score comet, three parameters for measuring DNA damage were estimated to indicate it. DNA parameters were tail length, tail DNA % and tail moment. The results showed that the mean of tails lengths of comet in women who used birth control pills (2-5) years were (19.13%) while in women who used birth control pills (6-8) years were (25.08%). The observed values were significantly different (P≤0.05) from those in control, which were (0.8%). On the other hand, the percentage of DNA in the tail and tail moments of comet in women with contraceptive pills treatment (2-5) years were (20.12%) and (23.63%) respectively, while in women with contraceptive pills treatment (6-8) years were (28.63%) and (31.81%) respectively and the observed values were significantly different (P≤0.05) from those in control, which were (1.6%) of DNA in the tail and (0.01%) of tail moments. It is concluded from these results that the prolonged use of contraceptive drugs in our daily life will increase the percentage of DNA damage.

Background: It is prepared from crushing and fermentation of the rims of the leaves of Camellia sinensis. It contained a plenty quantity of polyphenols that differed from that in the green or black tea.
Objectives: This study aimed to demonstrate the anticancer effect of oolong tea extract against in situ mammary tumor in mice ex vivo experimental model, and to compare its effect with the gallic acid as antioxidant substance.
Materials and methods: Mice bearing mammary tumor are used as a source of mammary tumor cells. The animals are treated intraperitoneally with 0.2 ml of distilled water (Group I) or gallic acid (1% w/v) or oolong tea-extract prepared with microwave assisted method (10% w/v) twice weekly. The animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation after two weeks and the tumor masses were excised and processed for determination of total protein, malondialdehyde and histopathological findings.
Results: Oolong tea extract and gallic acid induced changes in the morphology and texture of tumor mass compared with distilled water treatment. Oolong tea non-significantly increased the tumor mass-protein and malondialdehyde levels compared with Group I and Group II. The histopathological findings in term of giant multi-nucleated cell, necrosis, hemorrhage, and fibroblast cells infiltration that observed in Group (I) treated animals are improved in Group (III) animals
Conclusions: Oolong tea acts as anti-cancer substance in a mechanism differed from that proposed by the gallic acid as antioxidant.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a monoclonal malignant proliferation of plasma cells derived from a single clone. Due to the variety of organ dysfunction caused by this malignant disease with no curative therapy, hence survival becomes a challenge for this group of patients. The aim of this study was to analyze the epidemiology and survival of patients with MM attended the out-patient clinic of the national center of hematology in Baghdad/Iraq. A retrospective study conducted at the national center of hematology, from September 2009 to November 2013 in which the medical records of 46 patients with MM have been reviewed. Survival analysis was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier and multivariate Cox regression analysis. The mean age was 63.4 years, and 54.2% of patients studied were female. The most common clinical manifestations were anemia (93.4%), bone pain (86.9%), and renal impairment (39.1%). In survival analysis, the only variable that achieved statistical significance was renal impairment (p = 0.025). For mortality, renal impairment (p = 0.017) and coagulation abnormalities (p = 0.012) were significant in the Cox regression. In conclusion the epidemiological profile showed a slight predominance in females. Anemia and bone pain were the most frequent complaints. Renal impairment and coagulation abnormalities were associated with mortality for patients with multiple myeloma.

Aim of the current study is to investigate correlation proinflammatory cytokines (Interleukin 6, 8, 10, and TNF α) with Chronic Lymphocyte Leukemia. In this study, serum was collected from (100) sample, a representative of 80 samples of chronic lymphocyte leukemia who were newly diagnosed by the consultant medical staff at the National Center of Hematology and 20 healthy sample on the other hand. IL-6, IL8, IL10 and TNF α were studied using the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay methods from (R and D system/USA). This study have shown that IL6 levels increased about two fold compared with healthy groups and TNF α levels was three times higher in CLL patient compared with healthy and IL10 levels was 3.5 fold that healthy. The conclusion IL 6, 10, and TNF α levels have significantly increased in patients compared with healthy control. However, IL8 was the same production in CLL compared with control.

Adriamycin, an anthracycline antibiotic is a powerful antineoplastic drug, but its therapeutic usefulness is limited by its cardiotoxicity. The present study investigated the effects of pretreatment with rosuvastatin and telmisartan alone or in combination against adriamycin induced cardiotoxicity in rats using biochemical approaches. The animals were divided into eight groups of 5 animals each. The first group received no drug(s) po but a single dose of distilled water (7.5 ml/kg, ip) at day eight, which serves as the control group. The second group received no drug(s) po but a single dose of adriamycin (15 mg/kg, ip) at day eight, and serves as adriamycin only received group. The third and sixth group received rosuvastatin (2 , 10) mg/kg/day respectively for nine days, and on day eight, one hour after drug administration, a single dose of adriamycin (15 mg/kg, ip) was given. The fourth and seventh group received telmisartan (2 , 4) mg/kg/day respectively for nine days, and at day eight, one hour after drug administration, a single dose of adriamycin (15 mg/kg, ip) was given.
The fifth and eighth group received both drugs, where the fifth group Received both of rosuvastatin (2 mg/kg, po) and telmisartan (2 mg/kg, po), 1 hour apart, daily for nine days, and on day eight, one hour after drug administration, a single dose of adriamycin (15 mg/kg, ip) was given. While the eighth group received both of rosuvastatin (10 mg/kg, po) and telmisartan (4 mg/kg, po), 1 hour apart, daily for nine days, and on day eight, one hour after drug administration, a single dose of adriamycin (15 mg/kg, ip) was given.
At day ten of the study, blood samples were taken for biochemical analysis. Rats treated with adriamycin showed cardiotoxicity as evidenced by elevation of serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, serum malondialdehyde (MDA) level, cardiac troponin (CTn-I) level and interluekine 17(IL-17) level.
Pretreatment with rosuvastatin and telmisartan alone or in combination elicited a significant decrease in the activities of all markers measured in comparison with adriamycin treated group.
These results suggest that both rosuvastatin and telmisartan treatment provides a significant protective effect against acute-adriamycin induced cardiotoxicity in rats.

The main objective of this research study the parental chromosomal abnormalities to recurrent spontaneous abortion Parental chromosomal rearrangements are account for more than 50% of RSA. So, it became necessary in this study to determine whether chromosomal factor is involved in RSA in Iraqi population. Related to that reason, blood samples from couples were collected and chromosomal abnormalities (structural or numerical) were detected by cytogenetic studies. Results from this examination indicated that increased chromosomal abnormalities in couples with advanced age and these abnormalities include translocation and deletion as follows: 46 XY,9qh+ ; 46 XX,21pss ; 46 XY, t(14,15) ; 46XY,14 pstk ; 46 XY ,15 pstk ; 45 XY, 3del. One can expect that, when these abnormalities are transferred to the fetus it can cause disturbance of the chromosomal structure of the fetus which resulted in abortion.

In human hands, the relative lengths of the second (2D, or index) finger and fourth (4D, or ring) finger differ between males and females. The ratio of 2D length to 4D length known as the 2D:4D ratio, & its value is < 1 for most men and ≥ 1 for most women. This sexually dimorphic character of the limb was linked to sex steroids &genes. Fetal brain on the other hand develops in the male direction (during the intrauterine period) through a direct action of testosterone on the developing nerve cells, or in the female direction through the absence of this hormone surge. The objective of this study is to search whether there is any relationship between brain sex as determined by standard scientific brain sex tests & the 2D:4D ratio by measuring the length of index & ring fingers in human hands. A sample of 150 individual (80 male &70 female) aged 20-25 years old was tested in this study. The results showed a high significant difference in 2D:4D ratio between male & female (X ²= 42.75, P< 0.001, 1df.), & the masculine brain sex score was more obvious in males with low 2D:4D digit ratio in comparison with females (X2 = 6.653, P< 0.05, 1df.). The mean brain score in males with longer 2D than4D (10.33 ±2.000) is set near the lower border of the feminine brain score (10.70 ±2.115) with a significant statistical difference (X2=8.972,P<0.05, 1df.).

Cancer is a major public health in the world .Its two main characteristics are uncontrolled cell growth and metastasis. Natural products represent a rich source of compounds that have found many applications in various fields of medicine and therapy including cancer therapy. The objective of this study was to analyze the anticancer property of the aerial parts of local herb achillea aleppica .The ethanolic extract was prepared by using standard protocol .The antiprolifirative effect of the ethanolic extract was evaluated in vitro by employing MTT assay. The potency of extract concentration was calculated in term of inhibition percentage in viable AMGM and REF cell lines as compare to control value. The extract showed time dependent antitumor activity ,since 42.5% of cell were inhibited at 200μg/ml after 24h exposure, while 67.3% of cell inhibited at the same concentration after 72h exposure, in other hand , normal cell REF was slightly affected with increased concentration.

Introduction: Recurrent pregnancy loss is the syndrome that causes repeated miscarriage and/or stillbirth impairing the ability to have a live birth. More from research interest has been focused on the association studies between different factors and recurrent spontaneous abortion. The aim of this study was examine the role of alteration in levels of KISS1 protein and in recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA).
Methods: Level of KISS1 protein was detected by immunohistochemical examinations in samples from placenta and measurement the levels of Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), Luteinizing hormone (LH) by using Enzyme linked Fluorescent Assay (ElFA) technique of groups I (women pregnant were normal delivered pregnancy at delivery in the third trimester (n=15); II refer to normal pregnant in first trimester (n = 15) (I ;II control group)., III represented aborted women for the first time during the first trimester (n = 15.( and group (IV): (30) represented repeated aborted women during the first trimester
Results: Finding from this study revealed that the level of the protein was high in abortion groups and increased levels of LH and FSH as well.
Conclusion: Kisspeptine is implicated in RSA through inhibition of normal placentation and indirectly through stimulation of LH and FSH secretion.

The present research includes a pathological study of epithelial skin tumors in bovine, cutaneous papilloma was the most common one (75%). It was diagnosed in nine cases (out of 12 bovine cases) and especially in bovine less than 2 years old. The rest of bovine skin tumors were: two cases (16.66%) squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and one case (8.33%) amelanotic melanoma.

This study shed the light upon Ficus carica latex from many aspects. The first aspects include the study of the material toxicity on cancer cell lines cultured in vitro which tested on two cancer cell lines which are Hep-2 , AMN-3 with different time of exposure (24 hr. and 48 hr.) and using two fold dilution . The results were read by using neutral red stain and the ratio of absorbance of stain was measured by using ELISA. The result were analyzed by using analysis of variance on level (P<0.05) which were for Hep-2 as follow.
The concentration 312.5 up to high concentration show significant difference as compared with control group after 24 hr. of incubation while the concentration 78.2 up to high concentration state significant difference from control group after 48 hr. of incubation. While the line AMN-3 results revealed that the concentration 156.3 up to high concentration show significant difference as compare with control group after 24 hr. while the concentration 78.2 up to high concentration show significant difference from control group after 48 hr. from incubation.
The second aspect aimed to study of therapeutic effect of the ficus carica latex on mammary Carcinoma cell line ANM 3 in mice . The mice have successful tumor growth on were classified into (3) groups injected with the same dose which is 5 mg/kg body weigh intra tumor & the 2nd group intra peritoneal & the last lifted as control group . The injection continues for (15) days . The size of tumor was measured along this period . Samples were obtained for histopathological study & the results were analyzed by using analysis of variance where show presence of significant difference between the two treated groups & control group on the level (P < 0.05).
The tumor size inhibited ratio was 65.7 % for the intratumor injected group & 59 % for intraperitoneally injected group. The histopathological examination state presence of areas of necrosis, hemorrhage, edema, inflammatory cell infiltration in intratumour injection group and, less extent in intraperitoneally injected group. The study concluded that the Ficus latex had regressive effect on tumor cells lines . Ficus latex had regressive effect on mammary tumor cells inoculated in mice . The regressive ratio of tumor size was more in intratumor injection of Ficus latex than in intraperitoneally injected group.