Journal of Education for Humanities

The research aims at the importance of agriculture in securing food resources for the inhabitants of Mesopotamia during the period of the second and the first millenniums BC. So, the rulers and kings of Mesopotamia had a clear role in the provision of food to the general public during that period.
The research clarifies the role of the rulers and kings of Mesopotamia in securing food through several issues the most notably of which is : Land proclamation and investment.

The writings of rulers and kings of that period confirm their interest in land reclamation through converting lands into extensive agricultural lands that produce the agricultural crops that assist securing food for the population.
It is clear that the role of the rulers and kings of Mesopotamia in securing people’s food by securing water sources and ensure their continuity .
That is illustrated via the writings of the most of rulers and kings that confirm the importance of securing water sources for the agricultural lands to ensure food insurance of grains and agricultural crops for the common people.

So, the role of rulers and kings of Mesopotamia during the second and first millenniums BC has been clarified throughout their attention to establish grain silos that ensure people’s food at that period.

We have touched on an important aspect of grammatical studies relating to the functions and effectiveness was the adjective and the promise of jobs contribute to contribute significantly towards the implications of structures and the effectiveness of this type in the linguistic performance and synthetic, have chosen a sample research in the Hadith so it became Title: (active participle in the forty modern nuclear).
And Kdtnoat connotations that came with participle in conversations nuclear as contexts required for that Aftgt significant clarification, which included other indications, and using antipersonnel significant emphasis in the important matter on because there was indications of praise and vilification in the epithets of the other, and found in all of this effect determine the significance epithet in guiding meaning.
After this research is to attempt to provide a study stems from the foundations depend on the effectiveness of pairing between the structure and significance of the first section was in the sign and the second in the structure and the concept of pairing is evident in the diversity of the epithet indication of complex conversations in the forty nuclear weapons.

Bai’at Ur-Rdhwan was a very important event in the life of prophet mohammed and his companion. This Bai’a had positive results for the prophet’s sira, and speedy victory later on.
The study aims to shed light on the pledge by Moslems under the Tree. When Allah (God) gave peace to the prophet and believers down to the present, first through victory (Al-fath) by entering Mekkah hereafter and letter when they will enter paradise. Alah was the witness of these people’s for pledge, and action which has not been and will not be repeated in human history.

The search searched the study in account terms and the voice of the nature of performance verbal text quranic in terms of diversity convergence some of the vote in the nature of performance her differences in other because own nature character adjective who to control the nature of performance can not be exceeded without regard to this privacy.

The study is one of the colour studies that examine the aesthetical positions that form the text. It attempts to examine the colour reference and its aesthetics in the poetical text for the colour entrance into man activities has come accompanied with arts in general and literature in particular . Poets have paid great attention to colours .Accordingly its determined importance has increased in addition to set various ideas through colours that supports the other elements to form a literary text with an aesthetic feature.
The poetical context has a significant role in revealing the aesthetic reference of the colour via the interaction of colour reference with its visual reference to achieve other aesthetic psychological and emotional references that represent various features as a reflect to Ibn Saral Al-Andulusi's view and his vision to life to complete his poetical course . This represents his existing psychological state .

Praise be to Allah, and prayers and blessings be upon his messenger , the trustworthy, as well as his blessed kinfolk and companions, and next: Andalus produced a number of scholars that molded a civilization which depended on the Islamic enlightenment. Among them was the Imam Al Hamidi who contributed to the enrichment of the Islamic civilization that became valuable to generations. His product under discussion; in the history of the honorable Hadith, jurisprudence, and literature testifies to his genuineness in this sublime sciences. It is one of the wide resources that speaks about the ideological life in Andalus since its conquest and the admittance of Islam into it. It also shed light on the scientific effort in the first five centuries after Hijra.
The book "Jathwat Al Muqtabis" presents to us an accurate scientific material associated with the tidings of many of the narrators of Hadith, jurists, scholars, governors, and judges in Andalus. Al Hamidi wrote down the names of many of these men, their ancestry, cognomens, countries and sometimes even their dates of birth, the names of their sheikhs and students as well as identifying their written material, the subjects they taught, their journeys and their dates of death. For the previous reasons this research came to clarify the picture of the scientific efforts exerted by the Imam in his study, he also mentioned some major events in Andalus and conveyed some valuable poetry, hence the importance of this research.
The nature of this study required that it should be divided into an introduction and three sections: the first tackles the life of Al Hamidi and his status, it contains six subsections; the first mentioned his name, his ancestry, cognomen and title. The second: his birthday, his progression and his quest of science. The third: His mentors and journeys. The fourth: His status and the praise of other scholars to him. The fifth : His death. The sixth: his written material. Section two tackled the method and style of Al Hamidi in his book, it contained six subsections. The first discussed the book and the reason behind its composition in addition to its time. The second: referring to his previous writings. The third : the authentication of the book. The fourth: The features of his approach. The fifth: The book as a reference to others. The sixth: notes to the book.
The third and last section mentioned the resources that Al Hamidi relied on, the first subsection mentioned his oral resources, the second; his written resource and thence was the conclusion.

The research aimed at the following
1-Discovering the evolutional requisites of the members of the teaching staff at the Centre of Developing the Teaching Methods and University Training in the university of Mosul in the vocational (Educational) field.
2-Knowing the difference between males versus females (sex, variable) and between scientific versus humanitarian colleges (profession variable) concerning the evolutional requisites which were necessary to them .
3-Balancing between the evolutional requisites which the research would discover and the programs used at the Centre of Developing the Teaching Methods and University Training in order to develop it. In one hand the research sample consisted of 75 members of the teaching staff 41 males and 34 females On the other hand the sample were distributed on 37 scientific profession and 38 humanitarian profession .
The researchers consisted the tool of the research the questionnaire, depending on several points which included the pilot questionnaire, interviews, inspecting the curriculum (or syllabus ) of the Centre of Developing the Teaching Methods and University Training and the utilization of the previous literature and studies .
To achieve the aim of the research the following statistical means were used .
1- Likli hood Mean.
2- The t,test for two independent samples .
3- Person correlation coefficient .
The most important results of the research were the following .
1-Assigning the evolutional requisites which were necessary members of the teaching staff at the Centre of Developing the, Teaching Methods and University Training.
2-The results demonstrated that there was no statistically significant difference between the members of the teaching staff according to the variable of sex (males versus females).
3-The results demonstrated that there was no statistically significant difference between the members of the teaching staff according to the variable of profession (scientific , versus humanitarian ).
4-The balancing between the training requisites which the research discovered and the prescribed items within the program of developing the members of the teaching staff resulted in that there is in accomplishment of some training requisites and an emergence of a need to cover the rest of the evolutional requisites which the research discovered through the center.

This research aims at specifying the economical competence for air transport system in Iraq and Kingdom of Suadi Arabia through assessing the national air-ways companies' performance due to its being one of the mast important aspects of the air transport because of its organic role in transportations according to its inns of operating capabilities on the one hand and its production and commercial outs as regards to transport services on the other hand through which the economical competence can be figured out. Depending on the organized steps for the comparative spatial analysis , the amount of spatial difference was clarified with regard to the performance of the air-ways companies operating in the two countries particularly , the Iraqi air-lines with its modest operating capabilities ; for this reason its competitive efficiency which formed 2% compared with the Suadi air-lines concerning air transport services . It forces the planner and decision-maker limit the development necessities and the improving of the operating capabilities of the Iraqi air-lines , providing investment atmosphere as a way of accomplishing the best economical competence for the final air transport services in a way that goes side by side with the air transport industry present in sophisticated economical technology of modern methods .

Coupled with coordinated the event in the poetic text element of time and the exact picture Tallish, so we find a set of facts regular and scattered in time and space so that leads Tasmania to form a material Gauche, hence the order of the event in the poetic text is an essential part in the formation of technical architecture coherent him for this buildings of the influence and clear function on the creative vision and aesthetic enjoyed by the text is based on the format approved by depending on his desire within the sequence contextual in structure of the text, the search focused on patterns important in the structure of the event in the Code of hair modern Iraqi They coordinated relay, layout ring. And refined format, alternating pattern, and pattern construction interoperability.

Aspiration was investigated in Arabic in relation to the five stop consonants /t/, /ṭ/, /k/, /q/, /ʔ/. These consonants were examined before /a:/ in two positions, viz. initially and medially, and in two contexts, viz. stressed syllables and unstressed ones. The analysis result showed that all the stop consonants had a period of voicelessness between the onset of the stop closure and the onset of the following vowel, though they differed in the duration of that period; /k/ had the longest duration (39 ms), and /ʔ/ had the shortest one (19 ms). Only /k/ and /t/ were marked as aspirated in all positions and contexts, though /q/ may be aspirated initially (whether in stressed or unstressed syllables). The controversy of the voicing status of /q/ was also investigated. It is suggested that this controversy could be explained if the subject is viewed from the production as well as perceptual viewpoints. In addition, /ʔ/ showed an unstable status in relation to voicing, especially in medial position. These findings were discussed in relation to the two positions and contexts where the five stops were examined.

The research aims at illustrating the effort of the Andalusian grammarians , their effort in developing the course of the grammatical lesson and their active contribution to enrich the grammatical thought via their grammatical tradition which is still presented in reading , studying and pursuance till now . Thus , they had availability of grammatical writings with their different kinds in addition to their opinions and critical views mentioned in the books of the late grammarians . So, this research is considered a starting point to check these opinions and critical views via a considerable effort in the grammatical lesson which is Al-Marawi ‘s “ Al-Jani Al-Dani” that included great opinions of those who had a considerable contribution in this field .

Aladmar without to emerge ; Valasttar exists and there is no evidence it is estimated without otherwise ; being a specific estimate , but Aladmar the absence without obligation , and be in the text out of context , or than one occasion to say , the interpretation is understood from the context , it is estimated to understand the recipient of this text and Uthoppe on the surface of the self , or absence of prominence.
And Aladmar , absent him necessary that define a literal meaning in it, being based in the show means a set of nods and features of the content implicit in it meaning; so it is a strategic course to derive the desired meanings not Ihds automatic but Bastdalal logical varies according to the colors Aladmar and come to what is underlying in with the speaker and the addressee of the variables lead role directed first to the text, shall be allocated to sense the public and potential read beyond meaning prominent in the phrase linguistic , surpassing the measurement Suri and fixed rules of significance , through the rules changing , which stems from the intensity of contents and anchorage and multiple prospects .

Praise be to Allah, Lord of the Worlds, and peace and blessings be upon the Messenger of Allah)) But after:
The Arabic linguists have long since written special books on the meanings of the Holy Quran and based on two main pillars: language and expression in highlighting the Quranic meaning and uncovering the hidden meanings. This research is marked by "The grammatical issues of Basmalah in the books of the Qur'an and its meanings until the fourth century of migration" (Analytical study) and we have identified it in the fourth century AH; because it represents the stage of origin in the Arabic writing and what came after such as the stage of explanation, clarification and abbreviation or transfer of what has been said in the original mostly, and the purpose of our choice of this subject is that we found the attention of the owners of these books Study the And the difference between the linguists in dealing with another evidence of its importance so we found it worthy of study and interest together, as well as that we have studied this subject in the service of the Book of God and come .
In this work, we have to refer to the books of the meanings of the Qur'aan and its introduction within the period after which the original source of the message arrived. These books have reached us in two parts:
The first: texts submitted to their owners in manuscripts that have been verified and printed.
The second is the text of a collection of books written by scholars.
The books included in the first section are the books of the meanings of the Qur'an, by Abu Zakaria Yahya ibn Ziyad al-Fur (207 AH), by Ahmed Yusuf al-Najati, Muhammad Ali al-Najjar, and by the Quran by Abu Ubaida (210 e) (311 AH), which was explained and achieved by Dr. Abdul Jalil Abdu Shalabi, and the meanings of the Qur'an to Abu Jaafar Al-Nahhas (338 AH), which was achieved by Dr. Sheikh Muhammad Ali Al-Sabouni. The books included in the second section are the meanings of the Koran to Ali bin Hamza al-Kasai (189 AH), which was reconstructed and presented by Dr. Issa Shehata Issa, and the efforts of a pole in the meanings of the Koran and his answer (206 e) (collection, investigation and study) thesis by Khudair Hussein Saleh Mohammed Jubouri, (291 e) (study, collection and investigation) a thesis presented by Khader Hassan Dahir al-Lahibi, and the book meanings of the Koran Abu Abbas Ahmed bin Yahya fox Alkoufi, collection and investigation Shaker Saba Asadi, and the efforts of In the meanings of the Quran (384 e) (collection, investigation and study), a letter presented by Numan Muhammad Aziz. The specialized books on the expression of the Koran are the books of the Qur'anic expression of copper (338 AH), which was adopted by Sheikh Khalid Al-Ali and thirty thirty verses from the Holy Quran to Ibn Khalawi (370 AH) And other things we have stopped from sources and references old and modern.
It is worth mentioning here that we are only mentioning what is written in the title of the meanings of the Koran or the expression of the Qur'an explicitly and restrictively, or what was the approach of the book of the meanings of the Quran in dealing with the Surat and the verses, such as the Book of the Qur'an. Quranic studies at this stage and beyond are many and most of them share the books of the meanings of the Qur'an and its meanings in a section of its subjects, such as the problematic and strange and similar and other titles.
In this research, we discussed the following: firstly, the analysis of the position of the expression in the case of al-Kasa'i, Abu Ubaydah, al-Naqas and Ibn Khalawiyah, and secondly: the expression (name) of the copper and the son of his uncles; And analysis of the verse in the glass and copper and the son of his uncles, and the seventh: analysis of the meaning of the Bismalah in glass and copper, Eighth: Analysis of the addition of (name) to the word of the majesty of Qutrab and Abu Ubaida , and analysis of the question of the introduction of the name on the name of the son of his uncles.
Because of the existence of special and common issues between the books of the meanings of the Qur'an and the books of the Qur'an, the nature of these issues has divided them into issues in the books of the meanings of the Qur'an and issues in the books of the Qur'an, The Quran and the Qur'an were written as a departure from repetition.

Obviously, scholars of Islamic nation are taking their responsibility of upgrading the Muslim young people , solving the problems, and removing what stuck in this religion of impurities by separating the Quranic morals and Sunna instructions among Muslims . The events of the end of 19th and the beginning of 20th century of catastrophes and conflicts with the western thoughts motivate Muslim scholars to take their role in guiding the Islamic nation to the safe side . One of those great scholars was Saeed Al-Norsee who interested in human developments and cleaning oneself to worship Allah ; not like animals who are created without mind . Al-Norsee depend mostly on Quran , so in all his books you can notice that . In his book "Rasa'al Al-Noor" he adopt different ways of promoting the soul, manners, and morals of oneself ; all these issues are taken from Quran in a way or another .
The aim of this research is the same of Al-Norsee's one when he want to create a kind of interaction between the Muslim and his religion to live peacefully in this life .
The research is divided into three parts . The first one is a brief biography about Al-Norsee and his book "Rasa'al Al-Noor" . The second one was about the relation between Muslim scholars and the essence of Quran ; and its role in establishing the morals among people . As for the third part, it highlights the essence of Quran according to some of Al-Norsee's explanations and its important role .

يتفق الباحثون على أهمية قضية الكتابة في مقدمة كتاب الحيوان للجاحظ اتفاقا كبيرا وهذا ما جعل دراسة هذه القضية ومناقشتها مبحثا مهما في أغلب الدراسات التي تناولت تراث الجاحظ بالدراسة والتحليل ، وهذه القراءة تمثل مقاربة لقضية الكتابة في مقدمة كتاب الحيوان للجاحظ، وهي قراءة تحليلية ناقدة للمقدمة على المستويين السلبي والايجابي بقدر تعلقها بقضية الكتابة، ومن ثم فهي قراءة تسعى إلى إظهار جهود الجاحظ في مجال السعي إلى جعل الكتابة وسيلة أولى تعتمدها الحضارة العربية في حفظ تراثها ، وذلك لجعل ذلك التراث قادرا على التأثير الفعال في الحضارات الأخرى .

One who meditates on this vast universe, which was wonderfully created by Allah, the Almighty, S/he finds that the universe is based on opposition among things clearly evident in nature including man, animal, plant, etc. This emphasize the fact that things in life are not clear but with their opposites, so the sun light is not said to be shinning but after the dirtiness at night heavily revives an area after along draught and life is not a life without man and woman. Hence, the significance of opposition is manipulated in realizing the meanings of things in the universe.
The semantic oppositions evident in the Glorious Qur'aan ; the first book in Arabic. The present paper does not aim at investigating the semantic opposition in the Glorious Qur'aan, generally. Rather, we aim at investigating the semantic opposition between the conditional verb and its apodosis which are mentioned in some Qur'aanic. In this sense, the current work analyses the conditional clauses with its semantic opposition which, in turn, changes the meanings of the Qur'aanic verses.
The current paper is divided into three parts – part one deals with the notion of opposition in linguistics, part two presents the notion of opposition in the literature, and part three presents the conclusion.

This Study aims at Shedding light on the importance of employing the tradition in the temporary poetic Arabic text for the tradition is a rich soruse for poets to enrich there texts .the study concentrate on Abdul Aziz Al Makalihs "Risala Ila sauf bin Thi-Yazin" This poem is full for religious and muthical traditions. Troughthem, the poet tries to urge people to ehange the circumstances of their society. This is carried out by alluding to some heroic figures which represent resistance. Gowever ;the levels for the employment staggers between positivity and negativism.