Journal of The Iraqi University

SUMMARY IN ENGLISH
One of the relationships existing between the words of the Arabic language is the relationship between its contradictory words that appear in one text, which is known as dualities. Studying dualities in the Holy Qur’an reveals important contents and vital dimensions that enrich the Qur’anic context and enrich the objective interpretation, in terms of contrasting opposites in The single verse expresses an interactive relationship that reveals the contradiction that exists between the visions and concepts of the two extremes, and the phenomenon of the opposite dualities between (jinn and humans) is one of the interconnected opposites in most of the verses, so that it had the greatest chance in the contrasts of the Holy Qur’an.

Abstract
All praise is due to Allah, the Lord of all worlds. May peace and blessings be upon our master Muhammad and his family and companions.
Perform your deeds, and Allah, His Messenger, and the believers will observe them. You will be returned to the Knower of the unseen and the witnessed, and He will inform you of what you used to do. (Surah At-Tawbah, 9:105)
People live in this world with desires, which can be legitimate or forbidden, whether they are worldly or spiritual. Legitimate desires require effort and resources to achieve, while others remain as mere dreams and fantasies.
Some sinners wish for many things in the afterlife when they enter the fire, but it is too late and far-fetched.
This research, titled "Impossible Wishes in the Holy Quran," is an objective study conducted as a graduation project for the Department of Quranic Sciences in the academic year 2016-2017. The study encompassed seven verses, divided into eight sections. The first section provided linguistic and terminological definitions for the words "wishes" and "impossible," while the remaining seven sections each focused on a specific wish, arranged according to their order in the Quran. The researcher relied on exegesis books, hadith collections, and Arabic dictionaries. Each wish was presented with its corresponding verse, discussion, and an attempt to determine the reason for its revelation. However, only one verse was found to have a documented reason for its revelation. The conclusion of the research highlighted the researcher's main findings, followed by a list of sources and references. Despite the completion of the study, the researcher had a wish related to the research title to improve its quality, but circumstances prevented this. This is not an excuse, as the saying goes: "The truthfulness of the wisher is evident."

Abstract :
The research aims to examine the interpretation of verses (2-4) of Surat Al-Anfal, as well as to give it its due right in terms of controlling the text, documentation, commentary, and study, with a brief introduction to the author and his book.As the author, may God Almighty have mercy on him, provided a comprehensive and brief explanation of these noble verses, he clarified the ambiguous and summarized the verses, and clarified many of the issues that concern them, as well as the linguistic and doctrinal differences and the sayings contained in them.In the research, I relied on the descriptive and historical approach, as well as the analytical approach in preparing this research, and showed the most important results that I reached, according to the author’s arrangement and division of the topics of the scientific material, with the quality of his style of linking phrases to each other, which indicates the author’s breadth and knowledge in science. Legitimacy and rationality.

ABSTRACT
One of the greatest blessings of Allah upon this Islamic nation is that He sent to them the noblest of His prophets and messengers, our master Muhammad - peace and blessings be upon him - and revealed to them His finest book, the Noble Quran, which is the greatest heavenly message, the loftiest in status, the most miraculous, and the most complete in system and methodology. Therefore, our approach in studying includes: recording the text of the hadith, meaning writing down the chain of narration and the actual wording of the hadith, which Imam Al-Nasa'i cited in his book Al-Sunan Al-Kubra. Secondly, verifying the authenticity of the hadith. Thirdly, studying the narrators of the chain of transmission. Fourthly, explaining the ruling of the hadith. Fifthly, analyzing unfamiliar expressions, where I elucidate their meanings based on the books of hadith terminology. Sixthly, providing commentary on the hadith, clarifying its meaning by referring to the books of explanations. Seventhly, elucidating the deductions drawn from the hadith, in which I highlight some of the rulings, etiquettes, and directives derived from the hadith.The key words: "Al-Sunan Al-Kubra by Al-Nasa'i", the phrase "Indeed, Allah loves", the explanation of Hadith and knowing the chain of narration.

Tolerance in Islamic thought: It is unfortunate that today’s differences have become one of the causes of hostility among a large number of people, which is important for spreading the culture of intellectual tolerance.Tolerance in the Holy Quran
One of the greatest examples of tolerance in Islam is God Almighty, as this tolerance is summed up in many verses in the Qur’an, except regardless of who resists man from violating the rituals of religion and other things, we find that God is Forgiving, Merciful, forgives, pardons, and pardons, in addition to Man's presence in tolerance and forgiveness for those who do harm.
As for what was mentioned in the Sunnah about the Messenger’s hadiths about tolerance, they are many and varied, including some of these hadiths: As the Messenger (may God bless him and grant him peace) said about those who harmed him and did it from his country: "O people of Quraysh, what do you think I will do to you? He said: Good, a generous brother, and a generous nephew, he said: For I say to you, as Joseph said to his brothers: Do not be suspicious of you today.

Abstract
Thesis title: Summary of the work written by the scholar Ali Muhammad Al-Dabaa (d. 1380 AH): “Samīr al-Tālibīn fī Rasm wa ḍabṭi al-Kitāb al-Mubīn”.
This is a scientific thesis that focuses on the sciences of Quranic word drawing, Quranic word drawing guidelines, and Quranic rulings.It consists of eleven chapters, an introduction, and a conclusion.
In this thesis, the author described the art of drawing the writing of the Noble Qur’an, its guidelines, and its history. He also discussed the regulations of imams who were knowledgeable about the art of drawing Qur'anic words and the process of discerning its rulings. made reference to each imam's regulations as well as his as well as his method in guiding and directing the drawing in accordance with the intent and the purpose of the recited word.

A summary of my definition of the dictionary
By authoring this dictionary, the researcher aims to communicate to the reader easily and easily the definition of complex terms in the principles of jurisprudence, without the trouble of searching in the main sources and references, arranging them in an alphabetical order rather than subjectively. Following the inductive approach based on tracing the different definitions of compound terms specific to (the letter B), and then following the approach of balancing the definitions; Choosing from them what is characterized by clarity of expression and meaning.
opening words:((Dictionary, definition, compound terms, fundamentals of jurisprudence, letter B))

Research Summary
This research aims to study that difficult period for the Jews, which was the period of the end of the exile and the return to Jerusalem and the attempt to rebuild the old temple again, and the difficulties and challenges that they faced from inside and outside in order to obstruct its construction again or the encouragement from their prophets and spiritual leaders until they were able, after great effort, to Rebuilding Solomon's Temple again.

Abstract:
This study studies the indication of the symbol in the poetry of Mahmoud Darwish. The methodological framework addresses the problem of the study, the necessity of conducting it, its importance, the aim of the study, and the definition of the most important terms. The study problem dealt with the concept of the symbol’s indication, and the levels of the symbol’s function in poetry written by Mahmoud Darwish, in addition to revealing the artistic vision embodied by the poet in using the symbol within the literary product, as well as developing the creative process. The study problem was determine by the following question: What is the indication of the symbol in Mahmoud Darwish’s poetry? Study objective: To identify the indication of the symbol in the poetry of Mahmoud Darwish. This chapter included the limits of the study, defining the most prominent terms, while the theoretical framework included three sections: In the first section, the researcher addressed the concept of the symbol and its effectiveness and explained the most important terms adjacent to the symbol. In terms of the convergence of the work, while the second section was devoted to studying the meaning of the symbol among linguists. The third section was devoted to studying the significance of the symbol by tracing the concept of the symbol and the indicators of the theoretical framework. The researcher chose Mahmoud Darwish's poetry as a sample for the study. The most important results reached here: His poetry was distinguish by its high artistic image or “technique.” Darwish was consider the most prominent person who contributed to the development of modern Arabic poetry and the introduction of symbolism into it, in addition to the fact that he explored new horizons with contents and ideas based on deep experience. The study ended with the results and a list of sources and references.

Abstract:
haziat aldirasat alsarfiat bieinayat eulama' alearabiat al'awayil wakan mqtrnaan bialnahw wghalbaan ma yudris fi akhar kutub alnahw lakina aldirasat alsarfiat aistaqalat ealaa 'aydi eulama' muta'akhirin ealaa sibwih bikathir fatukhasis baed aleulama' bialtasrif minhum almazni waibn jiniy watalahum aibn alqitae thuma aibn yaeish waghayruhum min aleulama' wayakad 'an yajmae aleulama' ealaa 'ana eashratan min alhuruf tasluh 'an tati zayidatan ealaa binyat alkalimat al'asliat 'iilaa janb kawniha yumkin 'an tati 'asliat aydaan wahadhih alhuruf al'alfa, walya'u, walwaw, walhamzatu, walmim, walnuwna, waltaa'u, walha', walsiyna, wallaam waliakhilaf fi jawaz ziaditiha.'amaa baqiat al'ahruf fahi la taridu 'iilaa 'asliatan lakina hadha alraay lam yatafiq ealayh jamie aleulama' li'ana min eulama' alsarf wallughat man yaraa bi'ana jamie huruf alearabiat tusluh 'an takun zayidatan lasiama fima zad ealaa thalathat 'ahruf waqad tabanaa hadha alraay alkufiiyn wamin naha nahwahum waminhum aibn faris fi maqayis allughat wahadha ma tanawalath fi hadha albahth mukhasasatan alqawl ean huruf qal biziadatiha laysat min alhuruf aleashrat almutafaq ealayha.

Abstract
The press (paper and electronic) is one of the important topics at the present time, as writes have paid attention to it because it in trodueed new words and expressions to the Arabic language , Thus helping to develop the Arabic language more broadly , and for this reason the goal of my writing this research was to show the extant of impact of the press (paper and electronic) in the Arabic language , some of them had a positive impact on the Arabic language , and some of them had a negative impact on the Arabic language.

Research Summary
The importance of this reading appears in that it came to highlight the morphological aspect of this poet’s poetry, and to extract the verbal connotations and structures of verbs, infinitives, and derivatives that had a great impact in the field of martyrdom, even though his poems were not many - as we mentioned - but this does not diminish his value and position in the field of poetry. This is because his poetry includes good wording, quality composition, and exquisite craftsmanship. He is a published poet who excelled and excelled in many poetic purposes.The topic embodies the beauty of morphology in Juhaza’s poetry Al-Barmaki, who shows the unique ability to embody reality in a morphological style, shows Jahza as a poet who uses language brilliantly to express sudden transformations in life and adds a humorous touch to morphological issues in a distinctive way. Keywords: (morphology, derivatives, structures, Jahatha, Al-Barmaki

No doubt, Arab heritage is rich with many figures who have distinguished themselves through their skill and artistic creativity. Among these figures is our poet Ibn Zaydun. His personality encompasses various directions, ideas, and diverse cultures; he is a minister, a scholar, and a literary figure. Therefore, from this perspective, we have decided to study this character in relation to the poet's interaction with the "Other." This character holds profound views towards the "Other" and their stance on it. This vision has encompassed most of the themes and situations in his poetry.

Abstract
Al-Mutalamis is considered a poet who combined wisdom and poetry. He possessed the reasons that enabled him to generate creative images, especially the psychological aspects, despite the fact that most of his poetry was fragments, and we hardly find long poems of his, perhaps because of the nature of his life, which was characterized by exile and distancing, which affected his short poetic self. Despite this, he was distinguished. His verses are characterized by linguistic richness and fertility of imagination. He took himself as a mirror reflecting the suffering of a section of the authority represented by Amr ibn Hind. That the groping poet is a poet who is able to recite poetry, possesses the forelock of eloquence, and is able to conjugate it as he wishes according to changing conditions and different positions, especially because of the crises, injustice, and hostility that the poet experienced. The ruling authority, which led him to exile and deprivation from the homeland, and he lived his life torn apart and expelled. His poetry was sincere and expressive of the feeling of loss and his sense of injustice. His poetic images were like an excised part of himself. The groping person was able to leave his clear mark in the repertoire of ancient Arabic poetry. Perhaps the effect of the place and its reflections in the poetic image. When groped, it deserves to be given attention and study by exploring the depths of his alienated, longing, and rebellious personality.

Abstract
who had an Jalal Amin is considered one of the Egyptian thinkers. impact on the intellectual and economic reality in Egypt. Writing about the personality of Jalal Amin and his intellectual and economic role was not an easy matter, due to the abundance of his writings and scientific production, in addition to the diversity of his works, some of which took on the intellectual aspect and took Some of them are the economic aspect, but the greatest tendency of the writings as well as the articles is to focus on the economic aspect due to Jalal Amin's study in economics. These writings studied the Egyptian economy, its development, and its most prominent failures.

Abstract
The Kingdom of Dahomey was considered one of the countries that exported the most slaves in the period between the seventeenth century and the nineteenth century AD, and the European colonial countries were very interested in it because they did not express any opposition to revitalizing this trade, and there were no obstacles to the European merchants who arrived on the shores of Dahomey since the middle of the century. The sixteenth century AD, and on the other hand, the government authorities in Dahomey were involved in this trade, as it was a profitable commercial activity that depended on waging wars against neighboring regions and arresting the largest possible number of prisoners of war, to sell them in the next stage, and Portugal was one of the first European countries to discover the importance of Dahomey in that area, and then opened the way to the rest of the other European countries such as Spain, the Netherlands, France and Britain, and that trade escalated after the middle of the eighteenth century, and the prosperity of that trade continued until the middle of the nineteenth century, when the British government announced the abolition of the trans-Atlantic slave trade and practiced Pressure was placed on Dahomey to end this trade, which had a negative impact on the economy in the Kingdom of Dahomey

Abstract
France played a major role in managing the work of the conference held in 1919 in Paris, where it was one of the three victorious powers alongside the United States and Britain. One of the results of the peace conference was the preparation of the Versailles Treaty, which was signed by the countries that won the war. The most important provisions of the treaty include imposing huge compensation on Germany, reducing the number of its military forces, and changing European borders.

Abstract:
It appears from the title of this research that hearings were received from Imam Ibn al-Qarāb on the authority of his sheikhs, and they influenced the interpretation of the Qur’anic readings. This study focused on compiling them from the book titled: (Al-Shāfi fī ‘Ilal al-Qira’at) in the chapters of the fundamentals, with an explanation of what was unique to these hearings, such as narrations that were not mentioned in the books of those to whom they were ascribed, and interpretations that were not mentioned in the rest of the books on interpretation of the Qur’anic readings.This research consisted of: an introduction and two topics. the first: was devoted to the theoretical originating, where the title’s vocabularies were explained, including: the definition of “as-samā’” (hearing), and a biography of Imam Ibn al-Qarāb, and his book: (Al-Shāfi), and the second: for the applied aspect, which include the study of: the hearings, and their influence on the interpretation of the Qur’anic readings, then the research was concluded with a mention of the findings and the recommendations.The findings include:That the topic of the hearings is part of what distinguished the book: (Al-Shāfi fi ‘Ilal al-Qirā’at), and it was unique to Imam Ibn al-Qarāb, because it is rarely mentioned in books on the science of interpretation of the Qur’anic readings, and a conclusion of its technical definition was reached in the research.Imam Ibn Al-Qarāb was unique in his hearings for interpretations that were not found in other sources. Among the recommendations: Completing this study: by explaining the influence of Imam Ibn al-Qarāb’s hearings on the interpretation of the subsidiary readings. A statistics of what was unique to Ibn al-Qarāb only from his narrations and interpretations.

Research Summary
Evidence of humans using oil dates back to the time of the ancient Greeks, but only since the early 20th century has oil played an important role in our politics, economy, and daily life. Today, oil and gas provide more than half of the world's energy needs. This commodity has transferred huge amounts of wealth around the world and played a major role in international relations. Oil and gas in Iraq are important to Iraq's history, its modern economy, and its domestic and international politics. The International Energy Agency (IEA) estimates that Iraq produced 2.95 million barrels of crude oil per day in 2012, and in its 2012 report, it predicted that production would double to 6.1 million barrels per day by 2020. In the same report, the IEA estimates that Such an increase would bring Iraq a total of $5 trillion in oil export revenues between 2012 and 2035, an average of $200 billion annually. Iraq's economy depends on the oil and gas sector. More than 90% of Iraq's annual federal budget comes from oil revenues, and as of 2012, oil revenues account for about two-thirds of Iraq's GDP. As a result, Iraq's economy depends on the oil sector and is vulnerable to changes in oil prices. Iraq's valuable oil resources are tied to the state's ability to finance the construction of hospitals, schools, roads, and bridges and to pay the salaries of police, soldiers, and teachers. The oil and gas sector is the main source of this financing. In contrast to Iraq's income tax for individuals and companies, which is 15 percent, the tax rate on oil, gas and related industries is 35 percent. On top of these taxes, many individual oil production contracts were signed with the federal and United States governments. Provincial governments include provisions requiring companies to share revenues earned from drilling with the government. There are several reasons why oil and gas is such an important topic. The presence of oil and gas in Iraq has shaped the country's history and will play a major role in its political future. Second, political and legal issues related to oil and gas relate to key debates about how government distributes power and resources (Stanford, 2018, p. 2). Oil policy in Iraq during the period from 1950 to 1958 AD represented a decisive period in the country’s history

Abstract
This paper deals with the Battle of Coronel, which was a World War I victory for the Imperial German Navy over the British Royal Navy on 1 November 1914, off the coast of central Chile near the city of Coronel, where the East Asia Squadron (Ostasiengeschwader) of the Imperial German Navy ( Kaiserliche Marine) commanded by Vice-Admiral Graf Maximilian von Spee, with a British squadron led by Admiral Sir Christopher Cradock that defeated him, and the research deals in detail with the events and results of the battle.
Keywords: Britain, Germany, Naval, the fleet, the first world war.

Abstract:
The subject of the research addresses the most important stages, which is the period between the wars and its international relations, especially after the emergence of new regimes in many countries of Europe in particular and the rest of the world. The emergence of the communist regime in Russia, the establishment of the republican system in it, and the end of the rule of the Tsar, It had a profound impact on foreign relations with European countries, especially Britain, which stood against the communist regime in Russia and its foreign orientations at various stages and by various means, whether through political or military intervention inside Russia or by concluding alliances to encircle that regime, in addition to About its negative position on the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917 AD, which was the first of those positions rejecting that fascist regime in Russia by Britain.
The research was divided into two main headings: the rise of the Bolshevik Revolution and the British position on the revolution and on the declaration of the Soviet Union.

Abstract
The Palestinian issue has witnessed many international and "Israeli" conspiracies and has been subjected to wars, occupation and displacement by "Israel" since 1948, and directed attacks on the holy places, and that the Palestinian issue had an Islamic dimension based specifically on Jerusalem, the Islamic factor was a key element in the policy of Arab countries Since the establishment of the Organization of the Islamic Conference in 1969, it has been holding Islamic summits that have formed a mechanism for unified Islamic action to address the problems of Muslims and the concerns of their issues and work to resolve them. For Islam and Muslims around the world, these conferences were a milestone in the march of Islamic solidarity.The research necessitated dividing the study into four axes: The first axis dealt with the establishment of the OIC and the second axis. Jerusalem), while addressing the fourth axis (to support and support the Palestinian cause).

Abstract
The bimaristans are considered one of the most important public charitable institutions, which the sultans of the Mamluk state, its princes, and those with wealth paid great attention to, especially Sultan Al-Nasir Muhammad ibn Qalawun, who established many bimaristans and endow many endowments to them, as everyone who came after him followed in his footsteps. The bimaristans have been equipped with everything they need, from doctors with various specialties, nurses, and even service and cleaning workers, and pharmacies are equipped with medicines and pharmacists, and medication in them includes all classes and genders, and it is divided into two parts, fixed, meaning those located in a fixed place that have been built, and portable

ABSTRACT
This topic is of great importance, as it addresses the strategic dimensions after the opening of the Strait of Gibraltar, which is of great importance militarily and economically, because it is located between the Iberian Peninsula, which is part of what was previously called Andalusia in southern Spain, and North Africa, in addition to being an essential connecting point between Europe, Africa, and between the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean from the Islamic conquest until the modern era. Keywords strategy, strait, Tariq bin Ziyad

Conclusion:
The pattern of accelerating national crises in Egypt favored the competing colonial powers in Egypt, and maximized their interests in it, as Egypt witnessed seven national crises, which radically changed the political situation in it. It also witnessed widespread controversy when they occurred, and Egyptians became aware of the importance of national crises. that took place in Egypt, and they accepted the reality of its positive effects, many years after its occurrence, for Egypt’s interests. The British occupation also played its role in inciting the events in Egypt and diverting their course to its advantage. Taking revenge on Khedive Abbas Hilmi II, and attempting to overthrow his throne and destroy Egyptian society, by distorting national events and the decisions that followed them. The national crises that Egypt witnessed also had negative consequences that contributed to the fragmentation of the efforts of Khedive Abbas Hilmi II in the political, economic, and social fields, and to the increase of British influence in Egypt.

Abstract
As part of its duties, the state provides appropriate administrative solutions and procedures when economic crises and natural disasters occur, to mitigate the effects of these crises and disasters on the public, as their effects are severe, such as the rise in food prices and their scarcity or even absence, which creates an economic crisis, so the state takes a set of administrative measures and treatments. Such as administrative and financial control over the overall activity of the state, trade and markets, examining grievances, and activating the sensory system, and this is what happened in the Levant within the extended time period (132-656 AH / 749-1258 AD) that the research covers.

Abstract
The research aims to highlight the impact of family laws and their connections within family. Demonstrating the Prophet Muhammad's concern on regulations، regarding dowry and marriage. It sheds light on how the noble prophetic traditions constitute rich historical material especially in the social field.:Keywords Family، Women، Narrations، Al-Tirmidhi

Abstract:
The seventh and eighth centuries of the Hijri calendar witnessed the emergence of prominent historians, especially in the Levant, who chronicled significant periods of late Islamic Arab history, particularly the Mamluk era. However, contemporary studies have only spotlighted a few of them, neglecting others who deserve considerable attention in documenting events of that era. Among these historians is Ibn al-Barzali, Qasim ibn Muhammad ibn Yusuf, who died in 739 AH / 1339 AD. Despite his compilation of a comprehensive book blending news, biographies, and obituaries, his work has not received sufficient scholarly effort in recording late Islamic Arab history, especially in the Levant and Egypt, through his notable work, "al-Muqtafi on Kitab al-Rawdatayn."The importance of the book, the title of which is given above, can be attributed to the fact that its author, al-Barzali, described all these events as a contemporary of those times. This aspect makes him to be different from other famous historians of the classical period including Ibn al-Jazari, al-Dhahabi, Ibn Kathir among others since he transmitted their works mainly in events, biography and death notices.
The goal of the current paper is to give an insight into the relevance of this book, the renowned historian who wrote it, the process of compiling the book as well as the concept of the materials found in it.

Abstract:
The research aims to identify the impact of information technology in electronic administration on the performance of employees in the central library of Al-Mustansiriya University and to identify the nature of the level and dimensions of information technology in electronic administration. A purposive sample was used, represented by employees working in the central library in question, where a questionnaire form of a number was distributed. 60 questionnaires, 50 of which were retrieved, and through analyzing the questionnaire questions, the research reached a set of conclusions, the most prominent of which were the following:
1- Information technology has an important impact on electronic administration, and the value of this impact was 59%, meaning that it is responsible for the changes and developments that occur in electronic administration.
2- There is a positive relationship between electronic management and employee performance with a value of 423 and a significance of 002 in terms of facilitating the communication process, efficiency of administrative operations, data storage and processing, speed of information delivery, and so on.
3- The performance of library workers is based on the efficiency and effectiveness of simplifying administrative work by relying on developing the information technology infrastructure of computers, communication networks, systems and software on a permanent and ongoing basis in a way that is commensurate with the nature of the work on the one hand and investing in the human element on the other hand.
The most important proposals that were put forward were as follows:
1- Intensifying training courses in the field of information technology and electronic management used to simplify administrative work and training them on how to use systems and software related to implementing electronic management in the central library of Al-Mustansiriya University.
2- The need to establish a financial value for innovators in the field of electronic management in the central library under investigation.
3- The need to eliminate traditional routine procedures in administrative work and provide ways to shift towards applying electronic management

Summary
1- There are no statistically significant differences for the measure of parental care for the kindergarten child from the point of view of mothers.
2- There are no statistically significant differences for the parental care scale according to the gender variable (males – females)
3- The current research was limited to a sample of kindergarten children in the second city of Baghdad, Rusafa, for the academic year 2019-2020.
The parental care scale was prepared, which consisted of (39) items. The validity of the scale was verified by presenting it to a group of experts and specialists in education and psychology and extracting it by Al-Fakir and Nabakh. The results of the research were:
1- Kindergarten children have parental care.
2- There is no difference between males and females in the level of parental care.
3- The researcher also presented a number of recommendations and suggestions

Abstract:
The study aimed to analyze educational thought and its impact on improving the quality of education among secondary school teachers. To achieve the research objectives, the descriptive approach was relied upon. The study sample consisted of (110) teachers and schools, secondary school teachers in the second Rusafa governorate of Baghdad. The questionnaire consisted of (15) items. The results of the research resulted in: The evaluation of teachers in secondary schools in order to Identifying the requirements of educational thought and its impact on improving the quality of education among secondary school teachers was to a very large degree. Improving quality in education requires individuals who work and understand in accordance with the basic ideas of quality and the requirements for applying quality improvement in secondary schools. The research recommended the need to benefit from the results of the research.

(Research Summary)
The study aimed to identify (the effect of the try-to-find-the-error strategy on the achievement of spelling skills among fifth-grade female students). The research population was determined from the primary day schools affiliated with the Baghdad Education Directorate/Al-Rusafa III, for the academic year (2022/2023 AD). The researcher adopted the experimental method in his current study. The researcher intentionally chose the sample from (Al-Izdihar Primary Girls School). The number of members of the sample was (62) female students, with (31) in the experimental group and (31) in the control group. The researcher taught the experimental group with (Try to find the error strategy), and teach the control group in the usual way.The researcher identified the scientific subject to be taught to fifth-grade primary school students with (6) topics from the Arabic reading book (Perspective Dictation) for fifth-grade primary school students from the first semester of the academic year (2022-2023 AD). The researcher also prepared a model lesson for all the topics of the experiment, and a test to measure Spelling skills among the students of the two research groups.The test results were treated statistically by using the t-test and a number of statistical methods. The results of the research showed that the students of the experimental group who studied according to the (try to find the error strategy) were superior to the control group who studied according to the usual method in spelling skills. In the midst of this, there were a number of subsequent recommendations and proposals to complement the research.

Summary
The current research aims to identify the effectiveness of the strategy: Search - Solve - Creativity - Participate - People in the achievement of middle school students in chemistry. The researcher relied on the semi-experimental approach as a method for the current study through two groups, the first experimental that receives teaching according to the strategy - Search - Solve - Creativity - Participate - People, and the second is a female officer who receives teaching according to the lecture method. An achievement test for chemistry was constructed, consisting of (20) items distributed across the four levels of Bloom’s scale (knowledge, understanding, application, analysis). The validity and reliability of the test was verified, and before the experiment was implemented. It was verified that the two research groups were equivalent in a set of demographic variables, and after applying the experiment, the study reached the following results:
1. The experimental group that was taught according to the strategy (Research - Solve - Creativity - Participate - People) outperformed the post-achievement test over the control group that was taught according to the lecture.
2. There is a great and clear effectiveness of the strategy (Research - Solve - Creativity - Participate - People) in the achievement of the members of the experimental group in the post-application of the achievement test for chemistry.

Abstract
The aim of the current research is to design a proposed model for using three-dimensional virtual simulation to improve the ability of bank employees to manage and address crises. To achieve the goal of the research, a survey list consisting of (25) phrases was identified, directed to employees of Iraqi commercial banks, where (135) male and female employees were selected. As a sample for field research, The results of the research indicated the effective role of information technology and modern technologies in crisis management. The results also indicated that there are many obstacles that hinder the use of information technology and modern technologies in crisis management in Iraqi commercial banks. Based on these obstacles, a proposed model was designed for using triple virtual simulation. Dimensions to improve the ability of bank employees to manage and address crises, as this model took into account all the obstacles indicated by the responses of the research sample. For this reason, the research recommended the necessity of raising the technological level of software and techniques used in crisis management in commercial banks, in addition to relying on virtual worlds, especially the environment. Three-dimensional landscape in crisis management in commercial banks; This is due to the wide capabilities of this environment in forecasting and decision-making through the “Linden Lab” software that Residential Life provides to its users. The research also recommended working on applying the 3D virtual simulation model proposed in the current research and testing it on a large scale, with the aim of generalizing its use in All Iraqi commercial banks.Keywords: Three-Dimensional Virtual Simulation - crisis management.

Abstract.
The current research aims to identify the level of altruistic behavior as well as to identify the level of self-identity among a sample of students, as well as to identify statistically significant differences in the two variables according to gender and academic specialization. The research sample consisted of (300) male and female students from the middle school stage, and the researcher adopted the (Jassim, 2019) for altruistic behavior, prepared a measure of self-identity, and the researcher reached the following results:
1- There is a high level of altruistic behavior among middle school students
2- There is no statistically significant difference in altruistic behavior according to the gender variable (males - females)
3- There is a statistically significant difference in altruistic behavior according to the specialization variable (scientific - literary) in favor of scientific
4- There is a high level of self-identity among middle school students
5- There is no statistically significant difference in self-identity according to the gender variable (males - females)
6- There is no statistically significant difference in self-identity according to the specialization variable (scientific - literary) in favor of the literary
7- There is a strong correlation between altruistic behavior and self-identity.

Research Summary:
The aim of the current research to identify the behavior of poser and its relationship to spiritual intelligence among students of the College of Education for Human Sciences / University of Anbar indicate the researcher of the behavior posing the presence of high levels among students as well as other cases outside the framework of the university as well as requires this case to highlight and study and try to develop recommendations and proposals and solve them and reached Cesc and Torrance (2001) in their study to many of the abilities of spiritual intelligence represented by integrity, self-awareness, creative thinking, wisdom and questioning, Spiritual intelligence is one of the modern concepts in the field of psychological sciences and has a clear impact on the social and moral life of individuals, as confirmed by the results of research and studies, which requires scientific study. The researcher sought to choose a group of students College of Education for Human Sciences and then choose them randomly as the number of members of the sample (60) male and female students by (30) male and female students and (30) female students and was the application of the scale of behavior poser and its relationship to spiritual intelligence prepared by one of the researchers and after finding the characteristics of his psychometric and using appropriate statistical means has shown the results of the following ...

The study aims to evaluate the biology textbook for the fourth scientific class according to the standards of textbook quality. The researcher followed the descriptive analytical approach, as a list of standards for the quality of the textbook was built. In its final form, it consisted of (138) paragraphs distributed over (7) areas, which are the quality of each of (the book’s introduction , educational objectives, content of the educational material, illustrations, drawings, pictures and diagrams, educational activities, book questions, artistic direction and printing of the book). Among the most important results reached by the researcher is that the biology book for the fourth scientific Class was distinguished by the availability of most of the quality standards of the school book from the point of view subject teachers and in all fields, as the field (content of the educational subject) achieved first place with a weighted mean (2.813) and a percentage weight (65.26), while the paragraphs in the field of quality came in all of (artistic direction and printing of the book, book questions, educational objectives, educational activities, figures). Illustrations, drawings, pictures, diagrams, and the introduction to the book (in order (second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh), with weighted means (2.742, 2.579, 2.548, 2.539, 2.463, 2.156) and percentage weights (54.84, 51.58, 50.96, 50.78, 49.26, 43.12) respectively The researcher came out with a set of conclusions, recommendation and proposals

Abstract:
The study aimed to identify the obstacles to teaching Islamic education in e-learning for the intermediate stage from the point of view of male and female teachers. The researcher adopted the descriptive approach, and the study sample included (200) male and female teachers. To achieve the research objectives, the researcher prepared a questionnaire about the obstacles to teaching Islamic education in e-learning for the intermediate stage.After verifying its psychometric properties, the results showed that there are a number of obstacles in teaching Islamic education through e-learning for the intermediate stage.The study came out with a number of recommendations and proposals. Keywords: Obstacles to teaching Islamic education, e-learning, student satisfaction.For middle school.

Abstract
This research aims to study the procedural organization of the pleading session to ensure the regularity of the justice that constitutes its institutions. This is considered an important guarantee of the validity of the procedures. In confirmation of this importance, Article 19 of the Iraqi Constitution in force for the year 2005 stipulates that “the sessions shall be public unless the court decides that they shall be confidential.” According to Article 61 of the Civil Procedure Law No. (83) of 1969 AD: “The hearings shall be public unless the court decides, on its own initiative or upon the request of one of the plaintiffs, that the hearings shall be confidential to protect public order, public morals, or the sanctity of the family. The sessions are public, and this research has reached a number of conclusions, the most important of which are the following: The procedural organization of the pleading session that was adopted to confront the prosecution, the application of which has implications affecting the rights and freedoms regulated by the law.

Summary:
The subject of this research revolves around, and is based on, guarantees of rights and freedoms in light of constitutional interpretation. Through this study, the researcher aimed to determine the reality of this role of the constitutional judiciary, given that the Constitution represents the supreme reference at the level of any legal system for the system of rights and freedoms, and defines its political and economic frameworks to As an expression of the identity of that system and a reflection of its cultural and social heritage, the protection of the system of rights and freedoms represents the goal of every legal system. The constitutional organization aims to guarantee rights and freedoms within the circle of balance between both authority and freedom, under the supervision of the constitutional judiciary, as it is the natural guardian of the system of rights and freedoms. The constitutional judiciary, while exercising this role, faces the constitution as a vibrant document that is not linked to a specific period of time, but rather interacts. With the times, in accordance with the values accepted by civilized nations, the view to the texts of the Constitution is not as mere rigid texts, but as lofty principles and values that transport the nation’s hopes into a modern and contemporary reality.

the introduction
Iraq is a regional power that threatens American influence in the region, which made it adopt a new strategy towards Iraq. It imposed an economic blockade on it and weakened it economically, making it flounder internally and the social and economic situation deteriorated, which led to disastrous effects that were reflected on the Iraqi people and ended in war against them.
The international community does not live in an ideal state, as the rules of international legitimacy are violated by some countries in full view of everyone. The great powers do not hesitate to infringe on others. Rather, the matter has reached the point of some great powers occupying the territories of other countries, and this is what we saw in the establishment of the United States of America. On March 19, 2003, he launched a brutal war against Iraq, which resulted in its occupation on April 9 of the same year.
The United States of America has flouted international legitimacy, launching war on Iraq under unsound pretexts, including maintaining international peace and security, even though nothing has come from Iraq that threatens international peace and security. International legitimacy prohibits attacks on sovereign states like Iraq, and The international community itself, the source of that legitimacy, did not accept the aggression against the Iraqi state.
The United States of America has long realized the importance of the countries of the Middle East, especially the State of Iraq, due to its strategic location and the enormous economic potential represented by oil sources. The civilizational dimension is not hidden from us, and the presence of Islam in it constitutes a threat to its interests and limits its ambitions, and its location on the lines of Transportation was of great importance as it was considered a link between the East and the West, so the war was launched against it, a war that lacked international legitimacy, as it was built on unreal reasons. The United States of America was concealing the true causes of the war, which in turn lacked a cover of international law. .

The phenomenon of money laundering is one of the organized crimes that has become widespread in various countries of the world, and its effects have spread to various areas of life (social, economic, political, and moral), as its sources and factors influencing its emergence and spread are varied, and financial institutions (especially banks) are often used as a safe environment in carrying out operations. Money laundering, its widely spread. The process of combating money laundering is no longer restricted to a specific country, but rather has become a phenomenon that receives international and regional attention, and many strategies have been developed to criminalize, limit, combat and eliminate it. Therefore, governance has been used as a system and approach that contributes effectively to the process of combating money laundering, specifically in the banking sector.Many banks still suffer from the problem of applying governance and compliance rules during their work procedures, which has enabled many money launderers to achieve their goals, and this has made the process of detection and control difficult, as money launderers, especially in private (non-governmental) banks, have become under the guise of banking secrecy; They exploit banks to launder their illegal money, using several traditional and innovative methods that are compatible with modern technology. The fact that traditional supervisory procedures are insufficient to confront economic crimes that threaten the banking system and undermine its credibility. The main question is (Is there a moral relationship between the application of governance mechanisms in banks and the anti-money laundering process)?This study aims to demonstrate the extent of the seriousness and spread of the phenomenon of money laundering in Iraqi banks and to identify the causes, factors, and influences on the part, means, and mechanisms for applying governance in preventing and combating the phenomenon of money laundering, through applying a series of professional and technical procedures and providing all requirements for the success of applying and working governance. A precise questionnaire for the purpose of collecting data and analyzing answers through the required statistical methods using statistical analysis programs (SPSS). Private banks were selected as a community for study, while the study sample consisted of several private banks. By surveying the opinions of experts and specialists in this field, the questionnaire was adopted as a tool for collecting information, with the results analyzed using statistical programs (SPSS) to analyze data and statistical information. The results will be discussed, the relationship analyzed, and hypotheses tested, and then several results can be reached that will support banks to Strengthening its role in combating money laundering. Knowing its activity and adopting an anti-money laundering policy based on the Iraqi Law No. (93) to combat money laundering of 2004, as well as the international standards of the FATF, and finding sufficient ways to combat money laundering and avoid its negative effects on financial institutions, and thus on the country’s economy

Summary
The current study seeks to identify the role of financial policy in promoting local investment, a case study of Iraq (a field study), and in order to achieve the objectives of the current study, the researcher followed the descriptive survey approach through a sample of specialists and experts in the field of economics amounting to (150) selected according to a group of Demographic variables, and the researcher designed a questionnaire consisting of (3) areas and for each field (5) paragraphs, and extracted a set of basic psychometric characteristics from validity and reliability, and after applying the current study tool, we reached the following results:
1. The financil policy has an important and vital role in regulating economic life in a developing country such as Iraq.
2. The state and its philosophy have a clear impact on regulating and structuring public financial policy
3. Local investment has multiple positive aspects that cover some of its negative aspects.
4. There is a clear impact and role of financial policy in promoting local investment in Iraq.
Keywords: financial policy, local investment .

Abstract:
Satellite channels have recently discussed the topic of the so-called (trend) in their television news bulletins، which they select from social networking sites as a news source. This is then one of the most widespread topics on those sites، and when following the news bulletin of the Arabic channel (BBC) and learning about its contents and the television arts in it. The researcher found that it is full of framing in all news arts and even the transfer of officials’ statements to the media، which has led to the media turning into tools in the hands of media professionals for framing when providing information to the public and in a way that is commensurate with the goals of the sender when choosing topics from social networking sites، the research problem revolves around the media treatment of Arab issues in the news bulletin that relies on social media sites on the BBC Arabic channel، and the nature of framing in the news bulletins.The research is a descriptive research that relies on the analytical descriptive survey method، relying on the two observation tools and the content analysis form، and the research population includes the contents of the bulletin on Arab issues، and the sample was a partial comprehensive enumeration method within the duration of the research?The research reached a set of results، the most important of which is that the Arabic channel (BBC) focused heavily on the published video clips and received reactions، especially with regard to the situation in Syria

Abstract
It is common knowledge that post-modern human society has been suffering from a collective spiritual crisis for ages. Due to losing sight of the bond that is supposed to connect one’s inner self with the external world, human society has fallen into a state of collective soullessness and disharmony. The study at hand aims to explore Robert Bly’s tendency to play the role of a poetic healer through analyzing the theme of healing in selected poems of his in the light of the Jungian theory of the collective unconscious.Since poetry has a long history of being utilized as a means of raising awareness and cultivating healing, it is the safety boat that is hoped to clear up the spiritual disunity that has imbued human society and subjected its individuals to a lifetime of spiritual poverty.The Swiss psychiatrist, Carl Jung, has theorized that all humans share a level of unconsciousness called the collective unconscious. Exploring the mutual psyche is crucial when it comes to understanding what causes this spiritual crisis and achieving collective healing.

Abstract
The present study concentrates on the role of Bertolt Brecht (1898-1956), the German poet and playwright who is globally well-known for his Epic theatre. Brecht shows a unique and extreme proficiency in writing plays. This study, however, illustrates his poetic talents as a significant poet while shedding the light on his poem To Posterity (1939), which carries a universal message to all humans and future generations. The study ends with a conclusion of the main points

Abstract:
This study investigates the effectiveness of a program designed to enhance English grammar skills among preparatory students through the strategic integration of technological innovations. The research recognizes the evolving role of technology in education and aims to address the identified gaps in traditional grammar teaching methods. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative assessments of grammar proficiency with qualitative insights from student feedback. The findings reveal a significant improvement in grammar skills among preparatory students following the implementation of the technologically innovative program. Individual variations in the impact highlight the importance of tailored interventions to meet diverse learning needs. This research contributes to the field by validating the positive influence of technology in language education, advocating for individualized learning paths, and offering practical implications for educators and institutions seeking to enhance grammar instruction in preparatory education.Key words : Effectiveness, program, technological innovations, Grammar skills, preparatory.

Introduction:
Financial institutions are one of the most vital components in today's society, and as an open system, it consistently incorporates new and relevant developments in their surroundings. Among the things that these institutions deem crucial is the concept of "total quality management" (TQM). It's possible that this idea is similar to other administrative concepts that have been the subject of differing viewpoints and opinions. TQM is a contemporary management approach that aims to delight customers while also benefiting employees. All workers are involved in the continuous enhancement of products, processes, and services.

Abstract
This study seeks to evaluate the depth of William Shakespeare's comprehension regarding the field of law, with specific emphasis placed on his work, "The Merchant of Venice." The investigation delves into Shakespeare's implementation of legal terminology, notions, and subjects within the play, scrutinizing his portrayal of the intricate aspects of the judicial system and its ramifications concerning fairness, compassion, and the interpretation of agreements. Through the analysis of the play's storyline and dialogues, the study aims to illuminate Shakespeare's grasp of English and Venetian jurisprudence, alongside his adeptness in constructing captivating and intellectually stimulating legal scenarios. By conducting this scrutiny, the research intends to contribute to the wider comprehension of Shakespeare's active involvement with the legal realm, as well as his influence on the representation of legal themes in literary works.

Abstract:
Through this study, I try to provide a translation of idiomatic expressions that appeared in Iraq during the twenty-first century into English. Through this study, this translation is achieved through semantic rather than literal interpretation. Translated slang items are often published by the Iraqi media. This study is considered as an overview of the comparison of modern Iraqi artistic works, and how the discourse was affected by the social and political background of Iraq today. Slang seems to be related to the culture in which it was created, so I found it would be irrelevant (as well as difficult for non-native English speakers who are not used to English culture and habits) to convert Iraqi Arabic words and expressions into culturally-based slang English; Rather, they have been translated into Standard English (both formal and informal). This study can be considered as an attempt to translate Iraqi slang into English.Key Words: Iraqi Slang, Idioms translation, Vernacular phrases

Abstract
Women take up a large space in the Prophetic Hadiths. Therefore, this study sheds lights on the speech act of advice that the Prophet (PBUH) gives to his nation specifically concerns women.This study pragmatically analyzes the different strategies of the speech act of advice according to Flor (2003) as a model of classification of advising in some selected Hadiths about women.The strategies used are the direct, indirect conventionalized and indirect non- conventionalized strategy.The data of this study are ten Hadiths reflect the speech act of advice related to women. The final section of this study deals with conclusions and references. Key words: advice, speech acts, direct strategy, indirect conventionalized strategy, indirect non- conventionalized strategy.

Abstract:
This research revolves around the prominent impositive and requestive rhetorical structures in the prayers of the Bedouins, which vary between interrogation, command, prohibition, and invocation. It explores their rhetorical connotations, which emphasize their eloquence and ability to express themselves in authentic language. The analysis is based on the descriptive-analytical approach. In this study, I relied on examples of Bedouin prayers found in the book Al-‘Iqd al-Farĩd by Ibn Abd Rabbih, adding to them any relevant sources and references I could find related to my research topic. The study resulted in several findings, the most prominent of which are: the diversity of the impositive and requestive rhetorical structures in Bedouin prayers, and the shift of the meanings of command, prohibition, interrogation, and invocation from their original connotations to new ones, with the most notable being the purpose of the prayer itself.Keywords: Impositive Expression, Requestive Expression, Bedouins, Rhetoric, Prayer, Eloquence, Invocation.