Al-Fatih journal

The objective of the current research is to identify the communicative competence of university students, and the significance of the statistical differences in the communicative competence according to the gender variable (male-female). The apparent and the validity of the construction, and the stability was verified by the re-test method, as the reliability rate was (0.86), while the stability coefficient by the Alpha Cro-Nabach method was (0.83), and then the scale was applied to the basic research sample consisting of (400) male and female students. University of Diyala and from both the scientific and human specialization of the morning studies. As the research sample was chosen in a stratified random manner with a proportional distribution and when processing the study data statistically (t-test for one sample, Pearson's correlation coefficient, t-test for two independent samples, and the Vachronbach equation). They have high communicative competence compared to the theoretical average of the scale and with significant differences, and the communicative competence is not statistically significant and is not affected by gender (males-females).

The current study aims to identify the Moral justification among preparatory school teachers. The current research sample consisted of (400 male and female) teachers at preparatory school. The research sample was chosen in a stratified random method with a proportional distribution. To achieve the objectives of the current research, the researcher also adopted a scale (Hadi: 2022) to measure the concept of moral justification, which was prepared according to Bandura's Theory (Bandura, 1996), as the scale consisted of (32) items and the virtual honesty and the sincerity of the construction were verified. The stability of the scale was verified by two methods of re-testing reaching stability coefficient reached (0.92), while the stability coefficient of the Alpha Cronbach method reached (0.81).
and using the statistical program (SPSS), as statistical means, the following results were reached:
- The research sample lacks moral justification because there are statistically significant differences between the average scores of the sample and the hypothetical average of the scale and this difference is in favor of the hypothetical average.
According to the results above the researcher found several conclusions, recommendations, and suggestions.

The current research aims to identify:
1- Fear of Crime among Preparatory School Teachers.
2- Significance of statistical differences among middle school teachers according to the gender variable (male-female) and the geographical location (urban-rural)
To achieve the aims of the current research, the researcher built the( Fear of Crime scale) according to the theory and definition (Hindlank ,et al,1978) after following the scientific steps in its construction, verifying the virtual honesty, and the sincerity of the construction, and verified the stability in the method of retesting reaching the stability factor (0.87), while the stability factor in the Manner of Alpha-Cronbach (0.90). The scale were applied to the main research sample consisting of (400 male and female) researchers selected in a random class manner with a proportional distribution From Baquba district and its environs (Al-Markaz, Kanaan, Bani Saad, Buhriz, Al-Abara) .The data of the study was statistically processed using (T-test for one sample, Pearson correlation coefficient. T-test of two independent samples, Alpha-Cronbach equation).

The current research aims to identify The effect of Counselling Program in Style of Self-Conrol in reducing Moral Disengagement among students of the Institute of Fine Arts To achieve the objectives of the current research, the researcher used the experimental approach, and the basic research sample consisted of (100) fifth-Stage students at the Institute of Fine Arts for Girls. They were chosen randomly and the scale was applied to them in order to diagnose the students who have a high level of Moral Disengagement through the application of the scale that the researcher built and the psychometric characteristics were extracted for it, and(20) female students who obtained the highest scores in the scale of Moral Disengagement were selected and distributed to (10) students in the group The experimental and (10) female students in the control group, to which the self-Control method of Pandora was applied, and the number of sessions of the program reached (10) sessions, and the researcher concluded that there is a high level of moral liberation among the female students, and there are statistically significant differences between the members of the experimental group and the control group in the results of the post-test and in favor of the experimental group, and this is evidence that the program It had a positive effect

The current research aims to identify (Neurotic Perfectionism and Its Relationship to Cognitive Inhibition Among Middle School Students in Schools for the High Achievers) to identifying the significance of the differences according to the gender variables (males - females) for both Neurotic Perfectionism and Cognitive Inhibition , and to find out the correlation between them. To achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher built a scale of Neurotic Perfectionism. The scale in its final form consisted of (20) items, and the Cognitive Inhibition test was adopted by (Stroop,1935), which was translated and applied by the researcher Durgham Abdel-Ridha Al-Sayed Al-Maksousi in his thesis tagged (Comparative study Among those with cognitive Inhibition (high - low) in visual selective attention among university students), which consists of three lists that include) group of influences ((words - numbers - direction) printed in different colors. Then, the two measures were applied to the research sample, 200) male and female students
who were chosen randomly from the center of Diyala Governorate after analyzing and processing the data statistically by using the following statistical methods: the t-test for one sample, and the t-test for two samples. The researcher reached the following results. The High achievers students have Neurotic Perfectionism, and that there are no statistically significant differences depending on the gender variable, nor do they have Cognitive Inhibition. As a result, there are no statistically significant differences depending on the gender variable. It also found that there is an inverse correlation between the two variables of Neurotic Perfectionism and Cognitive Inhibition of the Middle School Students in the School of the High Achievers

The role of the family in protecting children from the negative effects of modern technology among primary school students in Saudi society
The study aimed to identify the negative effects of using modern technology on primary school children in Saudi society.
This research belongs to the descriptive analytical research, and relied on the sample social survey to study a large number of fifth grade students. A systematic random sample of 239 male and female students was selected from the lists of students in schools. The study sample was from public and private schools (Al-Riyadh International Schools) and Fursan Al-Taleem Schools (Pre-Primary). The researcher designed a scale to identify the role of the family in protecting children from the dangers of modern technology. Several results have been reached, including; The high rate of children's addiction to modern technology. The dangers of modern technology to which children are exposed varied, including; The culture of using modern technology tools, the effect of using modern technology tools on the culture of violence among children, the impact of using modern technology tools on children’s system of values and culture. There are many roles for parents to protect children from the dangers of modern technology, represented in; Involvement in various activities as an alternative to use modern technology means, directing him to activities and positive uses, developing the capabilities and interests of the child, paying attention to develop your values and ethics, developing relationships and social tasks, accompanying you on social visits, organizing your time, especially leisure time, continuing to study lessons and homework, raising awareness of the dangers of using Modern technical means
The researcher tried to make several recommendations, including; Developing parents' awareness of how their children use the Internet and the means of information technology, and methods of confronting these risks. Paying attention to develop children's awareness of the pros and cons of using modern technology. Parents' interest in engaging children in various activities as an alternative to use modern technology.

The current study aimed to reveal marital mutism and its relationship to avoidant personality disorder and low self-esteem among Saudi couples, and to identify the differences in the study variables according to gender (male-female). In the city of Riyadh, it was divided into (100) husbands and (100) wives of the husbands. Among the tools, the study used the marital mute scale. (prepared by Al-Hartani, 2022), the avoidance personality disorder scale (prepared by Ibrahim, 2021), and the self-lowering scale (prepared by the researcher). The results of the study indicated that there is a medium positive direct correlation between marital mutism and avoidant personality disorder among married Saudis, and there is a moderate positive direct correlation between marital mutism and low self-esteem among married Saudis, and there is a medium positive direct correlation between avoidant personality disorder and low self-esteem among married Saudis. It was also found that there is a statistically significant difference between married Saudis in each of the measures of marital mutism, avoidant personality disorder, and self-deprecation, according to gender, in favor of the female group.

The current study aimed to identify the relationship of altruism with both psychological stability and psychological happiness among non-bearing wives in Riyadh and to identify the extent to which altruism can be predicted among non-bearing wives in the light of psychological stability and psychological happiness. Among the married, childless women in the city of Riyadh, the altruism scale (prepared by the researcher), the psychological stability scale (prepared by the researcher) and the psychological happiness scale (prepared by the researcher) and the psychological happiness scale (prepared by the researcher, 2020) were used. The results of the study found that there is a moderate positive direct correlation between the psychological happiness and psychological stability of the non-respondent wives, and the presence of a moderate positive correlation between psychological happiness and altruism among the non-respondent wives, and the presence of a medium positive correlation between altruism and the psychological stability of the non-respondent wives, as it was found
that altruism can be predicted in the light of psychological stability and the psychological happiness of the female study sample.

The effect of proposed skill exercises using the cooperative learning style by the model of learning the skills of putting out and scoring in football for students.
1-To identify the impact of the proposed skill exercises using cooperative learning in the style of the model in learning the skills of putting out and scoring in football.
2-identifying the best learning ability between the control and experimental research groups in learning the skills of putting out and scoring in football for students.
The researcher has used the experimental method and the correlational relationships for its convenience to the problem and goals of the paper. The community of the paper constitutes (100) students of Al Elm Al Nafi preparatory school. The sample of the study includes (60) students which is (60%) of the community of the study. They have been divided into two
groups: control and experimental. Each group consists of (30) students. As for the survey sample, it consists of (10) students and they have been chosen randomly and they are out of the main experiment.
The main results are:
1- There is a role for the cooperative learning strategy in developing the skills of putting down and scoring in football game for fourth preparatory students.
2-The cooperative learning needs great effort and double action and some times financial budget and certain equipments.
The researcher has recommended:
1- Integration of cooperative learning as training strategy and this will achieve many important goals including building problem - solving skills, competition skill, communication skill as well as leadership skill, making the learner more effective and developing his cognitive experience.
2-Holding training courses for teachers on the cooperative learning method so that they can apply this strategy easily.

This research is an attempt to identify dialogic exploration and its impact on the cognitive achievement of Arabic grammar topics for second-year intermediate school students. To distinguish the secondary schools, the sample included second-year female students for the academic year 2021-2022. From Al-Hurriya High School for Distinguished Girls in Baquba, affiliated to Diyala Education Directorate, and the subject is the grammar book for the second intermediate grade. The research tool consisted of a test of 30 items, and after applying the main experiment and the post-test, the researcher presented and analyzed the results and concluded that there is an educational need among second-year female students. To use modern teaching methods that increase the learning of the Arabic language grammar, and that the use of the dialogic exploration method which has a positive effect in increasing the students’ ability to acquire the grammar of the language. In light of this, the researcher recommends moving away from traditional methods of teaching the specific subject, and benefiting from the results of the current study, and directing Arabic language teachers, male and female, to use the method of dialogic exploration to teach Arabic grammar topics.

The current research aims to reveal (the psychological a vitality of distinguished students in the secondary stage). To achieve the objectives of the research, the researchers built a measure of psychological vitality based on the theory of (Ron Kurtus, 2012) and its definition of psychological vitality Resilience (0.84 ). The final form of the scale consists of (18) items valid for measuring psychological vitality. Then the scale was applied to the basic research sample of (200) male and female students from the Directorate of Education of Diyala for the academic year 2022-2023 AD, who were chosen randomly, and after processing the data statistically using (arithmetic mean, stawndard deviation, t-test for one sample, t-test for two samples, coefficient (Pearson Correlation) The research results were reached that the sample has psychological vitality and there is no statistically significant difference according to gender, while there was a statistically significant difference according to the region and in favor of the Muqdadiya district .

The current research came to find out the level of movement towards others among the kindergarten child and the style of parental domination of the kindergarten child. The two researchers chose (380) children from kindergarten in the province of Baghdad. Then the two researchers re-extracted the validity and reliability coefficients for the two scales, and after this procedure, they entered the study data within the statistical bag program (SPSS), and the results showed the following:
Kindergarten children suffer from moving towards others.
Kindergarten children suffer from parental authoritarianism.
- Male kindergarten children suffer from moving towards others more than females.
Kindergarten children suffer from moving towards others, regardless of the family's livelihood.
Kindergarten children suffer from moving towards others who live in small homes more than those who live in good homes.
Kindergarten children suffer from moving towards others, regardless of the father's testimony.
Kindergarten children of mothers with a diploma attainment suffer less from moving towards others than the children of mothers with a bachelor's degree or higher.
Male kindergarten children suffer from parental authoritarianism more than females.
Kindergarten children suffer from parental bullying, regardless of the size of the house.
After obtaining the results of the research, the two researchers presented a set of recommendations and proposals to help researchers benefit from them in their future studies.

The point of view of the directorates of the joint schools in the General Directorate of Diyala Governorate, through the management of the joint schools between the obstacles of applying the physical education lesson and the management of the lesson, and the teachers relied on the descriptive classes of the relative correlations, on the basis of the directorates of the joint schools in the General Directorate of Diyala Governorate, and their number (336) Principals were deliberately chosen by (100%) from the General Directorates of Diyala Education, and they are concerned with the appropriate service for distinguished academic work (2022-2023), then they were divided into three models according to the research requirements in the surveys and applications of the two scales in sequential steps.
And since the first chapter contained the introduction and the importance of the research, as the researcher touched on bringing the problem and according to the formula (what are the obstacles to applying the lesson of physical education and its relationship to managing the lesson in primary schools and its impact on the delivery of scientific material to them from the point of view of primary school principals in the General Directorate of Education in Diyala Governorate).

The research objectives were:
1- Constructing a principals in the General Directorate of Education of Diyala Governorate
2- Building a physical education lesson management scale.
3- Identifying the relationship between the obstacles of applying the lesson of physical education and managing the lesson from the point of view of primary school principals in the General Directorate of Education of Diyala Governorate
measure of obstacles to applying the physical education
lesson from the point of view of primary school

The current research aims to find out (the effect of the human approach on the social values of the fifth grade female students) social studies in the human approach and between the mean scores of the students of the control group who study the same subject according to the usual method in the post social values.
To achieve the goal of the research, the researcher relied on the experimental design. With partial control in the two groups, one experimental and the other a control, the researcher applied the research experiment on a sample of fifth-grade female students in (Al-Ahsa Elementary School for Girls) affiliated to the General Directorate of Education in Diyala Governorate for the academic year (2022-2023), which was chosen by the intentional method from among Al-Khalis district schools numbered (45) schools, the number of female students in the research sample was (55), and by random drawing method, Division (A) was chosen to represent the experimental group with (30) female students who will study according to the human approach, and Division (B) to represent the control group by ( 25) A student who will study according to the usual method.
The researcher prepared a tool for the research, represented by a measure of social values, and its validity, stability and psychometric characteristics were confirmed.
After analyzing the results statistically using the t-test for two independent samples, the results of the research revealed that the students of the experimental group outperformed the students of the control group in the measure of social values.

The importance of the study lies in the constructive strategy by linking the new concepts and information with the previous concepts and information of the student through discovery and scientific thinking. The student enjoys it in terms of motor and skillful qualities, as the main research problem was the presence of a weakness in agility and the skills of clapping and shooting with handball for middle school students. Studying in the preparation of educational units according to the Bibi constructive strategy and identifying its impact on agility and learning the skills of tapping and shooting in handball. In the research methodology and its sample, the researcher used the experimental approach due to its suitability to the nature of the problem to be solved. As for the research sample, it consisted of students of the fourth preparatory grade (Gamal Abdel Nasser Preparatory / June 1st) of (40) students, and was divided into two experimental and control groups, each group consisting of (20 student). As the implementation of the curriculum began on Monday 28/11/2022, and it will be completed on Monday 9/1/2023. Based on the results of the research, the researcher reached the following conclusions and recommendations: the emergence of a preference for the effect of using the constructive strategy of Bibi and its effectiveness on the approach followed in agility, my skill of plumping and shooting in handball.

The research aimed to identify the level of reading weakness and phonological awareness among students with learning difficulties, and to identify the relationship between reading weakness and phonological awareness and to know the value of predicting reading weakness through phonological awareness among primary school students with learning difficulties. The descriptive survey method was used, and the research sample consisted of (216) male and female students, with (109) students for the first grade and (107) students for the second grade. Accordingly, the sample was divided into: (100) male and female students as an exploratory sample to codify the study tools, by (50). A male and female student for each stage, and (116) students as a main sample for the first and second grades, with (59) students for the first grade and (57) students for the second grade. The reading impairment and phonological awareness scale was used as a research tool, and the data were processed statistically using the SPSS statistical package. The study reached the following conclusions:
1. The low level of the first and second grade students in the dimensions of the phonological awareness scale.
2. The degree of prevalence of oral reading among first-grade students was weak, while the degree of prevalence of reading comprehension was medium.
3. The degree of prevalence of oral reading and reading weakness among the second-grade pupils was medium.
4. The positive effect of the dimensions of phonological awareness (awareness of the word - awareness of the syllable - awareness of assonance) on increasing verbal reading among first-grade students, while there was no effect of the dimension of phonemic awareness on reading comprehension.
5. The positive effect of all dimensions of phonological awareness (word awareness - syllable awareness - rhyming awareness - phonemic awareness) on increasing oral reading and reading comprehension among second grade students.
In light of the results, the researcher recommended a number of recommendations.

1. The aim of the study: measuring the abuse directed at children by the mother according to the variables of the scale.
2. Measuring the abuse directed at children by the father according to the variables of the scale.
3. Know the significance of the differences in the physical abuse for each of the mother and the father according to the variables: A) gender (male, female). B) The achievement level.
4. Know the significance of the differences in the psychological abuse for each of the mother and the father according to the variables: A) gender (male, female). B) The achievement level.
5. Know the significance of the differences in neglect for each of the mother and father according to the variables: A) gender (male, female). B) The achievement level.
To achieve the objectives of the research a child abuse scale was devised, after extracting the psychometric characteristics of validity and reliability it was applied to the sample of (900) male and female students from middle schools in Al-Karakh districts (first, second, and third), and the study showed the following results:
1. The mother abuses her children at an average level; physical abuse comes in the first place with a percentage of (88.22%), then neglect with a percentage of (87.89%), then psychological abuse with a percentage of (86.44).
2. The father abuses his children at an average level, where neglect comes in the first place with a percentage of (88.67%), followed by physical abuse with a percentage of (88%), then psychological abuse by 86%).
3. Statistically significant differences in physical abuse appeared as follows:
● There are no statistically significant differences in physical abuse by the mother according to the gender variable (males, females).
● There are statistically significant differences in the physical abuse by the father according to the gender variable (males, females), in favour of males.
● There are statistically significant differences for physical abuse by the mother and the father according to the variable (achievement level).
4. Statistically significant differences in psychological abuse appeared as follows:
● There are no statistically significant differences in the psychological abuse by the mother according to the gender variable (males, females).
● There are statistically significant differences in the psychological abuse by the father, in favour of the males.
● There are statistically significant differences in the psychological abuse by the mother and father according to the variable (achievement level).
The statistically significant differences in neglect appeared as follows:
• There are no statistically significant differences in the neglect of the mother and the father according to the gender variable (males, females).
• There is a statistically significant difference for neglect according to the educational level of the father
• There are statistically significant differences for neglect by the mother and father according to the variable (achievement level).

The research aims to find out (the impact of the strategy of card questions for active learning in the collection of social material and motivation towards it among students of the second intermediate grade), the researcher followed the experimental approach, and used the semi-experimental design, and intentionally chose secondary breasts to apply the experiment in it, and in a random way choose Division (A) to represent the experimental group, and Division (B) to represent the control group, and rewarded between the two research groups, and re-tested the achievement, and adopted the motivation scale,The two tools were applied after the completion of the application of the experiment, which lasted three months, and the results resulted that the two research groups are equal in the achievement test and the students of the experimental group outperformed the students of the control group in the motivation scale, and recommended a number of recommendations, including the authorities responsible for evaluating the performance of teachers to add an indicator in the evaluation form that measures the extent to which teachers use teaching methods that depend on active learning, and I propose several proposals, including:Conducting a study aimed at knowing the impact of the card questions strategy for active learning in other academic stages, such as primary or preparatory school.

The research problem is determined by psychological frailty, which is one of the psychological problems that pose a great danger to university students, which results in psychological disorders represented by fear, shyness, distress, hysteria and guilt, which negatively affects the personality and behavior of the individual and thus hinders the level of his performance and the lack of his daily activities.
The goal of the research is to identify frailty Psychology among university students and its relationship to the performance of the suppression skill, and the descriptive approach was used in the manner of correlational relationships, As for the research sample, it was chosen randomly from the students of physical education, amounting to (30) students, with a percentage of 50% of the original community. It was concluded that there is a significant relationship between psychological weakness and the performance of female students with the skill of suppression in football. The study came out with a number of recommendations , With a number of recommendations, including providing the appropriate atmosphere for female students in a well-organized manner by parents and the university, and keeping female students away from what scares them about openness and orientation toward others, then addressing the negative aspects of psychological weakness by transforming their energies into positive activities that alleviate the weakness.

The wrestling lesson is one of the important lessons in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences. The fact that the wrestling game is one of the world games that entered the Olympic competitions; Because of its excitement and suspense for its followers, as well as its great impact on preparing the student mentally, physically and kinetically, due to the content of the wrestling game in terms of its large number of grips and its defensive and offensive motor skills. Therefore, attention must be directed to the stages of learning from the practical and theoretical sides. As for the problem of the research, through reading and follow-up of the researcher, he found that most of the teachers do not use modern educational methods and apply them in the field of physical education and sports sciences, where the educational process needs to conduct a diagnosis and analysis from time to time, as the researchers used The experimental approach is designed by equal groups, due to its suitability and the nature of the problem to be solved. As for the research sample, it is "part of the original research community. The research community was determined by third-stage students at Kut University College, Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, consisting of two divisions, one of which is the third division (s 1) for experimental and reached Their number is (6) students, and the third division (s2) is a female officer, and their number reached (10) students, as the total sample members reached (12) students from the total number of students in the third stage, which is (51) male and female students, after excluding the female students and players who practice the game, who fail, who are absent, and who postpone One of the most important conclusions reached by the researcher is the superiority of the experimental group that implemented the experimental approach according to Tabak's model in teaching some wrestling grips.