journal of Economics And Administrative Sciences

This Research aim to identify the factors affecting the strategic implementation of sewage projects and to seek to activate the real follow-up of projects to identify the factors that accompany their implementation, The study included a sample of the projects of the investment plan implemented for the Directorate General of sewage in the governorates of Iraq, which was completed during the six years period (2010-2016). The sample of the research was four projects: The project of implementation and processing of the treatment plant and the lifting station and the conveyor line for the project of IMARA/The third stage/Al-Sanaf marshland , The project of the processing and implementation of the treatment plant with the carrier line in the IMARA / the second stage / Al-Bitira, the project of the implementation and installation of sewerage systems with the holy lifting station / Karbala and the project of processing and implementation of the treatment plant with 2 lift stations and conveyor line in Wasit / Azizia, A case study to collect information For these projects through the planning and follow-up department and the implementation section in the Directorate General of sewerage as well as "personal interviews to reach the results, The researcher reached a number of results, the most important of which is that the project departments pay greater attention to the strategic factor and the organizational structure among the factors affecting the strategic implementation and to a lesser extent the shared values factor among the employees, and the lack of ownership of the public sewerage system to activate communication between departments of the department and project management in progress To accelerate the decision-making process and the exchange of information, which reflected on its ability to follow up and control , The researcher also made several recommendations, the most important of which is an extensive study of the priorities of the project by the committees based on implementation after the assignment of work immediately and before the commencement and each according to its competence.

The research aims at clarifying the role of green human resource management practices in achieving sustainable development. The research problem is that the health sector is less concerned with environmental aspects, specifically green human resource management practices, Which are reflected on sustainable development with their economic, environmental and social dimensions as well as reducing costs, waste minimization and recycling, And the research started from two main hypotheses to explore the correlation and influence between the variables of the research by analyzing the answers of the research sample, which included (136) employees of the Al-Imamein Al-kadhemein medical city, Data and information were collected using questionnaire, interviews, as well as field presence of the researcher, and the data were analyzed using the statistical program (SPSS-V.19) And a set of statistical methods such as global analysis, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, and correlation coefficient ( Spearman ), And the simple linear regression equation. The main findings of the research are that the Al-Imamein Al-kadhemein medical city takes into account some acceptable green human resource management practices, thus enhancing the possibility of environmental protection to improve the health services provided to the visitors and create a healthy atmosphere free of pollution, As a result of the weakness of their awareness of this subject made it lacks documentation and the adoption of the academic concepts such practices, And the most important recommendations that came out of the research need to increase the attention of the management of the Al-Imamein Al-kadhemein medical city linking the compensation and incentives provided to the workers with green practices in order to motivate them and improve their behavior in a manner appropriate to the environment, As well as interest in the social aspect through the increase of programs and courses that demonstrate the importance of the concept of social sustainability and encourage collective action to achieve cohesion, and increase the skills of employees by introducing them in training courses.

This research aims to examine the correlation and the influence of Authentic Leadership on the contextual performance as a dependent variable, in the departments and Division of the iraqi Ministry of Foreign Affairs To try out with a number of recommendations that contribute to raising the level of contextual performance in the Ministry. Starting from the importance of research in public organizations and its Role in society, the researcher adopted the descriptive analytical approach in accomplishing this research, The 99 people responded exclusively comprehensively, based on questionnaire that is include 28-item, using interviews and field observations as auxiliary tools in their collection. While the researcher adopted a program(SPSS V.23, Smart PLS, Excel 2010), as well as the use of descriptive statistical methods (the empirical analysis, proportions, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, simple linear regression, , Pearson correlation factor). The most important conclusions reached by the researcher are the increase of the influence of the authentic leadership in the contextual performance. The results of the research founds that the research community deals with the difficulties of working in different ways as a result of having the ability and experience to overcome the difficult circumstances, as well as their expectations of the events because of their confidence in analyzing the problems and their skill to find solutions to them. To match their words with their actions, while understanding the activities and encouraging them to their employees, and tell them the truth of some things is important despite their difficulty. The study concluded with a number of recommendations that reinforce the research variables in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

Many managers in geometrical and technical organizations prefer to deal with quantitative values to choose between the available options and choose the best alternative to avoid randomization and bias in decision making. One of them Baghdad Water Department, which seeks to develop the quality of its product (drinking water) and achieve its objectives under increasing growing population and the demand for water, Some of TQM tools, especially the statistical, have this ability because there is chance to use historical data and experiment of employees in Application . Two statistical tools were applied: the nominal group technique, matrix data analysis technique as well as the brainstorming tool to search for the best option for the organization to improve the quality of its operations and the quality of its final product. To achieve the success factors of these sessions according to the literature, studies and sources that showed the ways of using this tool as well as the steps to apply the techniques of the nominal group, and analysis of the data matrix next to the theoretical, And to determine the criteria, determinants and advantages of these options by taking the arithmetic mean of the views of the research sample regarding this, then analyzing these data and filtering the best alternative and arranging the criteria using these tools. The results ensure ability of these tools for use in the research organization, also revealed the possibility of improving the quality of the operations and the final product in the Directorate of Water Baghdad governorate through the expansion of existing projects and increase production capacities as a precedence at the expense of the establishment of new projects, or the establishment of Small water units.

The aim of the study was to study the implications of the strategic direction on organizational performance. The research was carried out in the Iraqi Ministry of Defense / Inspector General's Office for the purpose of identifying the nature of the relationship and the impact between the two variables. A sample of 60 people managers, department managers and directorates was targeted.
The researcher tried to test hypotheses in the first chapter, which was devoted to the methodology of research and previous studies and found the following: (1) validity of the first hypothesis of the existence of a relationship of positive significance of the strategic direction in its sub-dimensions with organizational performance in the Office of Inspector General / Ministry of Defense. (2) the validity of the second hypothesis regarding the existence of a significant impact of the strategic orientation of its four dimensions in the organizational performance in the Office of Inspector General / Ministry of Defense. The second chapter of the research presented the strategic orientation in terms of concept, importance, and presentation dimensions. In addition to reviewing the organizational performance in detail. The third chapter presents the practical aspect of discussing the results and verifying the validity of the hypotheses in this research by analyzing the data of the study collected through the questionnaire prepared for this purpose through two subjects. The second section presents an analysis of the relationship between strategic orientation and organizational performance in the Office of the Inspector General / Ministry of Defense. Finally came the fourth chapter to present the most important conclusions and recommendations, and the research reached a set of results, the most important of which: -
1. The Department of the Inspector-General of the Iraqi Ministry of Defense adopts a clear vision and all administrative levels in accordance with the interests of the main beneficiaries and this is reflected in the level of performance of this organization.
2 - The goals are realistic and applicable because they are clear to all, which helps the workers to achieve and thus demonstrated the effectiveness of the performance of the organization.
3 - the need to adopt transparency and expand the circle of involvement of decision-makers without weakening the confidential nature of the supervisory work of the organization, which reflected positively on the level of performance.

The purpose of the current research is to identify the reality and applicability of the entrepreneurial approach in its dimensions (creative, proactive, independent, risk tolerant, offensive) and its impact on the success factors of the project (organizational commitment, communication, project team, project monitoring) Access to information, treatment, storage), which is a significant and important link in the success and development of industrial projects with the possibility of studying and analyzing the provision of the appropriate environment for this.
the research started from a problem expressed by a number of intellectual and practical questions aimed at answering them as well as To answer a number of questions and the most important - What is the reality of the pioneering dimensions of orientation in the company surveyed? , What are the most important factors in the success of the project in the company investigated? .
The objective of the research at the possibility of advancing the status of information technology in the company investigated, and make suggestions and recommendations to develop the role of the leading trend in achieving the success factors of the project.
The research included (7) main hypotheses, which were at the total level and at the sub-dimensions level, which show the correlation and influence between the search variables and to achieve the hypothesis tests applied to the research sample (the solar cell project in Al-Zorra General Company) adopted the questionnaire as the main tool for collecting data and information through (125) members out of (195).
A well as conducting interviews with some of the respondents in question, where he met (15) managers distributed on the sections of Wa For the people and administrative units in the project. The data were analyzed using SPSS and a number of statistical methods were used to process the data including: arithmetic mean, percentage, standard deviation, variance coefficient, path analysis method, And the use of correlation coefficient (Pearson) to test the validity of correlation hypotheses and the use of simple linear regression coefficient to study the effect between the basic variables.
The researcher also reached a set of results that important project by information technology and the changes that are made to the dimensions of leadership orientation followed by this change in other variables.

The development of the world, and in light of the intensity of competition highlighted the need to research and create a sustainable competitive advantage is sustained from an internal source in the company earned by the scarcity and difficulty of imitation by competitors, and this source is green innovation. In order to achieve the objective of the research, which is the diagnosis and analysis of the relationship between green innovation (in products, processes) and sustainable competitive advantage in the group of companies Kronji, was developed a default model of the research reflects the nature of the relationship and influence among its variables, the research adopted the questionnaire as a key tool for collecting data and information , Distributed to a sample of (94) workers tested using some statistical tools of data collected by the adoption of the program (SPSS.V.24). The research came to a number of conclusions, the most important one which is the green innovation , it linked and has a significant impact on sustainable competitive advantage, The biggest impact was on sustainable competitive advantage after green innovation in products, In view of the above, a number of proposals were presented, the most important of which is the need for the company's management to be concerned with green innovation through the establishment of green training courses to identify the importance of many concepts and standards that serve the environmental orientation, because the environmental trend has become a standard of achieving sustainable competitive advantage.

The aim of this research is to find the impact of the efficiency of Management information systems (MIS) on the effectiveness of governmental organizations performance.
To achieve the objective of the research, the analytical descriptive method was adopted. A questionnaire was designed consisting of (35) paragraphs, and the sample consisted of (200) individual. The research attemped to answer the following question: To achieve the objective of the research, the analytical descriptive method was adopted. A questionnaire was designed consisting of (35) paragraphs, and the sample consisted of (200) individual. The research tried to answer the following question: What is the actual utilization of modern administrative systems in focusing on auditors, Creativity and innovation, efficient operations and quality of service provided by government organizations.
The results of the research indicate that: The effectiveness of management information systems leads to increased attention and focus on the auditors as well as increase the creativity and innovation in government organizations in addition to their positive impact on the efficiency of operations and the quality of services provided by governmental organizations in Jouf region of Saudi Arabia.

Encouraging micro-enterprises for comprehensive economic development are crucial to achieve the ambitious vision 2030 of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Small and Medium enterprises are inputting around 15.5 per cent to GDP while 33 per cent contribution as a private sector to Saudi Arabia's gross domestic product (GDP). This study aims to identify the most important factors that affect the efficiency of small enterprises in Saudi Arabia. To accomplish this objective, the study was conducted for small projects via the comprehensive inventory method under the supervision of the Institute of Entrepreneurship. A total of 282 questionnaires were collected from entrepreneurs and the differentiation analysis was applied. The results of the data analysis revealed the existence of many administrative, marketing, financing and human as well as legislative factors affecting the efficiency of small and medium enterprises in Saudi Arabia. In the light of the results, a number of recommendations are suggested that could contribute to encouraging and enhancing the role of small and medium enterprises in achieving the ambitious vision 2030 of the Kingdom

The research dealt with two variables first in the field of human resources represented by the empowerment of workers and second in operations through improved process in the framework of standards Quality Award European containing nine basic criteria (Leadership, Strategy, partnerships and resources, the results of the individuals, the results of the customer, the results of the community), including human resources and operations has been selected and the Ministry of Industry and Minerals as a community to search , which covered most of the industrial sectors of Iraq through the selection of a single company of every industrial sector and thus became the research sample (6 ) industrial companies in addition to the Center of the Ministry of Industry and Minerals through ( 90 ) employees working in the departments of Central and production lines has been used for this purpose, a questionnaire was designed based on a scale ( Fif ) for first variable while the designing a measure of the second variable was presented to a group of experts in the field of competence in the use of a number of statistical techniques ( correlation , regression , the mean and standard deviation ) for the purpose of testing hypotheses research has come to a set of conclusions , including the lack of balance between the size of the responsibilities of employees and powers granted to them and this lead to the second conclusion , a lack of expansion in the granting of powers to the workers limiting their ability to make the right decision for a certain position in a timely manner and was directing a general set of recommendations to the companies surveyed for the purpose of addressing the current situation , including the expansion of the granting of powers and increase awareness and education towards progress toward European quality standards for other areas .

This study aims to show the level of organizational fairness at Hawija Technical Institute ,from the point view of the faculty ,and the degree of their performance, and the nature of the relationship between organizational fairness and their performance.
The researchers accomplish and develop a questionnaire on Likert a three - dimensional scale to de applied on a sample chosen randomly strength (50) faculty and the results were analyzed by may statistical methods in order to achieve the hypothesis of the research to be used by the Institute under study , to avoid many problems ,and to uplift the message of this teaching foundation .
Recommendations are put forth in applying fairness to boost the functional performance of the faculty through fulfill their wants and need , which have.

Information and Communication Technology revolution has led to the emergence of electronic payment systems and their means And that the replacement of these modern means replace the traditional means (legal money) issued by the Central Bank has influenced the performance of monetary policy, especially that monetary policy is one of the most important policies used to achieve economic stability , The aim of the research is To know the impact of electronic payment systems on the tools of monetary policy as these means, such as cards and electronic money issued by credit institutions and companies, that is, the Central Bank is not responsible for issuance and spread And the lack of regulation by the Central Bank will lead to the loss of monetary policy efficiency In Iraq in particular, the banking system delayed the introduction of these electronic means Because the Iraqi society rejects these tools and prefer cash money because of poor banking awareness and the spread is still in its beginning The money supply has been growing at a low rate, The most important research is the spread of electronic payment systems and tools in a moderate and orderly and without persistence by credit institutions exporting these tools will increase the volume of deposits with Iraqi banks and thus increase the volume of reserves in banks and the cycle increases the volume of loans granted to individuals and companies ,the movement and revitalization of the economy and economic growth .

The exchange rate is the backbone of any economy in the world, whether developed or developing, where most countries adopted many policies, in order to ensure the stability of the exchange rate of the currency, because of its importance as a link between the local economy and the others ,And it contribute in the achievement of internal and external balance and despite the many different factors that affect it, but there is wide consensus on the effectiveness of the role of spending and the currency window in the exchange rate of the Iraqi dinar, especially in the Iraqi economy, effectiveness As the increase in government spending lead to an increase in the supply of money and increase domestic demand and high prices and therefore high inflation, which negatively affects the exchange rate of the Iraqi dinar, so the central bank intervenes through the window of currency in order to stabilize the exchange rate of local currency, Analysis of the relationship between expenditure and the currency window in the Iraqi economy for the period (004-2016) In order to establish the road map, the researcher tried to clarify the relationship mentioned above, The final result is that government spending negatively affects the value of the Iraqi dinar as a result of increased money supply and increased inflation caused by increased public spending. Therefore, the central bank intervenes through the currency window to sterilize the money supply by absorbing surplus cash flow (Iraqi dinar) During the pumping of more foreign currency and thus maintain the value of the Iraqi dinar exchange rate of the local currency, which has greatly affected the decline in inflation.

The ration card system is a kind of support provided by the state to individuals through the provision of essential goods at subsidized prices during the period of war or crisis. For many years, the ration card was an essential source of food supplies to Iraqis, especially under the economic siege of the nineties, But after the events of 2003 and the passage of Iraq's political and economic changes required radical reforms in the ration card system according to the recipes of the International Monetary Fund. It was evident from the estimation of the demand function that the price did not have the greatest impact on this type of goods because the ration card items are subsidized by the government. There is also a significant decrease in quantities of foodstuffs despite the increase in population. Most of the results have highlighted the large imbalances in the economy. The most important finding of the researcher is the need to work on the development of an integrated production sector in which the great role of the private sector and try to improve in the agricultural sector to be able to fill the local market demand of commodities and competition of imported goods, especially in view of the decline of Iraq's strategic stocks significantly.

The status of the semi total stoppage and non-use and waste of economic made studying and analyzing Dutch disease of high importance because it is a major cause in aggravation of this status which happened to the Iraqi economy in almost complete way and the relative big importance that oil source has and its domination on the largest percentage in the gross domestic product and exports that Iraqi economy is relying largely in funding the national budget made the concentration of the study on this subject an important and necessary within the important economic events that Iraqi economy witnessed after 2003 till 2016 to give a clear and an overall picture of the reality of the unilateral Iraqi economy under the status of semi total and the nonuse of economic resources and the waste of development opportunities and not using them in an efficient way and the clear and big declining in economic sectors and the absent of their role in varying the income sources in the Iraqi economy which suffered and still suffering of Dutch disease that this study tackles its concept, causes and examining the reflections in wasting the economic resources and wasting the rights of the coming generations that has been through explaining the relationship which explores the cause and the result among the research variables that Dutch disease is a cause leads to wasting of resources as a must result by using the theoretical style enhancing these results with standard and statistical styles to stand on the size of the relationship between the two variables reaching a realistic results which indicated that Iraqi economy and relaying on oil resource as an essential and major resource in providing financial resources for managing the country and supporting state of unilateral economy. The study also tackled some strategic suggestions of treatment from the Dutch Disease in the Iraqi economy and heading towards the right direction to vary the income sources.

Sovereign wealth funds are an important tool for achieving economic stability and avoiding the local economy from external shocks, including the shocks of international oil prices. The spread of these funds is the result of large current account surpluses in many Asian and oil-exporting economies. These surpluses are due to higher commodity prices Has led to a rapid accumulation of foreign assets in central banks. Many countries with rent economies face the problem of their dependence on non-renewable natural resources, especially the oil countries, including Iraq. Oil revenues are more than 97% of oil exports, so they suffer from structural imbalances that make them vulnerable to external shocks and cyclical crises. The Development Fund for Iraq also depends on oil revenues, which stopped its work due to the decrease in these revenues in 2014 and transfer its amounts to an account in the Ministry of Finance. This decline to the investment allocations for the program of development of the regions, which led to blocking the work of investment projects aimed at achieving economic and social development and reduce the disparity in the distribution of investments between all Iraqi provinces, The wealth of generations must be preserved from waste and using its revenues in a manner that helps optimize the allocation of resources as the main sector to achieve development in the Iraqi economy to avoid the effects of the Dutch disease, and preferably there are hedges to absorb the negative effects of oil price shocks in the global market Through the diversification of total exports, which are the gross domestic product of the Iraqi economy and the diversification of public revenues

The Iraqi economy faces complex economic challenges that threaten the prospects for growth and stability in the short and medium term, The decrease in oil revenues on which Iraq is based in financing its total expenditure, both operational and investment, led to the emergence of a deficit in the government budget, As the global oil price crisis affected the revenues of the Iraqi government negatively, especially as this negative impact coincided with the increase in military spending resulting from Iraq's war against terrorism, Which led to the Iraqi government to implement austerity measures were to reduce public spending on several projects, which are less important compared to projects that are of great importance in the economy, the application of austerity policy led to negative effects on indicators of economic performance was a decrease in public spending And the increase in taxes that led to a decrease in the income prepared for spending by individuals and thus a decrease in aggregate demand, The Central Bank's adoption of a tight monetary policy through the reduction of loans granted to commercial banks led to a decrease in cash reserves at commercial banks, which led to a reduction in total loans granted to projects owned by individuals and consequently led to a decline in the level of economic activity.

The interest in the issue of capital movement as an economic phenomenon has increased because of its effects and effects and its ability to influence the economic balance and the effectiveness of monetary policy. All countries seek to attract capital and benefit from it because of its effects and results such as supporting economic development process and optimal allocation of economic resources. The problem of the financing gap that most countries suffer from, and others, but sometimes the movement of capital creates challenges for monetary policy makers in achieving their goals.
After 2003, the Iraqi economy witnessed an openness and economic liberalization unlike previous years, which witnessed isolation from the outside world because of the economic blockade imposed. The research focused on the impact of the movement of capital represented by the capital accounts and the financial account on the variables of monetary policy (exchange rate, , The interest rate) for the period (2016-2005). As a result of the financial liberalization witnessed by Iraq, capital inflows were influenced by monetary factors and other factors (such as security and political conditions). Therefore, the financial account deficit for most of the study years, 2014) affected by The lack of a relationship between the capital account, the financial account and the parallel exchange rate, the absence of a relationship between the capital account, the financial account and the interest rate, and the absence of a relationship between the financial account and the money supply.

The general budget is usually linked to the role of the state in public life and economic activity, whether this role is neutral or interventionist and thus reflects the general objectives that the state seeks to achieve.
for importance of the public budget in clarifying the image of the political state philosophy and its objectives it seeks to achieve on the one hand and clarifying the degree and rank it occupies in the ladder of development among the other countries. This study is intended to highlight the concepts of the general budget and how its concept has evolved since the Middle Ages. Of the importance of the general budget in Iraq was not based on scientific and objective and then the study was based on the hypothesis that the inaccuracy of the estimation of expenditures and public revenues will lead to the loss of many development opportunities and waste of public funds, which will adversely affect the development programs, and To prove the hypothesis of the study will be using the method of scientific method inductive with the use of quantitative analysis of public expenditure and revenue.

This research aims at forecasting the public budget of Iraq (surplus or deficit) for 2017 & 2018 through using two methods to forecast. First: forecast budget surplus or deficit by using IMF estimations average oil price per barrel adopted in the public federal budget amounted to USD 44 in 2017 & USD 46 in 2018; Second: forecast budget surplus or deficit by using MOO actual average oil price in global markets amounted to USD 66 in 2018 through applying Dynamic Model & Static Model. Then analyze the models to reach the best one. The research concluded that those estimations of dynamic forecasting model of budget surplus or deficit for 2017 & 2018 gives good reliable results for future periods when using the actual average oil price according to the Iraqi MOO estimates.

The purpose of this paper is to recognize the impact of database levels on fields of banking service (provision of remittance services and transfer of funds, save financial deposits, provision of personal loans services) in some of Iraqi banks using one-way multivariate analysis of variance. The paper population consisted of (120) employees, then a random stratified sample of (104) employees was taken. A questionnaire paper consists of (24) items were designed in order to analyze by one-Way multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) using SPSS.One of the main findings of the current paper is that there is an impact of database on fields of banking service in Iraqi banks (Al Rafidain and Al Rasheed).

The exploitation of all available resources and benefiting from them is one of the most important problems facing the decision makers at the present time. In order to exploit these resources, it is necessary to organize the conflicting objectives, which is the main work in the project management, which enables the development of a plan that decision makers can use to shorten the total completion time and reduce the total cost of the project. Through the use of modern scientific techniques, and therefore the researcher using the critical path method using the technology of programming goals to find more efficient ways to make appropriate decisions where the researcher worked to solve the problems in the construction of the Department of sewage streams The results were within the level of ambition for the decision maker where the conflict between the objectives was resolved from
reducing the total cost to the total time and the cost of evasion through Use linear programming objectives and the results were within the level of ambition of the decision-maker.

Maulticollinearity is a problem that always occurs when two or more predictor variables are correlated with each other. consist of the breach of one basic assumptions of the ordinary least squares method with biased estimates results, There are several methods which are proposed to handle this problem including the method To address a problem and method To address a problem , In this research a comparisons are employed between the biased method and unbiased method with Bayesian using Gamma distribution method addition to Ordinary Least Square method, We will use the simulation to compare these methods using the mean squares error criteria. The method of biased gave good results by using sizes different samples.

Most statistical research generally relies on the study of the behaviour of different phenomena during specific time periods and the use of the results of these studies in the development of appropriate recommendations and decision-making and for the purpose of statistical inference on the parameters of the statistical distribution of life times in The technical staff of most of the manufacturers in the research units of these companies deals with censored data, the main objective of the study of survival is the need to provide information that is the basis for decision making and must clarify the problem and then the goals and limitations of this study and that It may have different possibilities to perform the desired function successfully, and the Bayesian inference is a statistical inference method where the theory of biz is used to construct statistical models and the conclusion of statistical inferences about the parameters of the sample or the statistical community and in this research has reviewed the methods Non-parametric and semi-primary control data of type I using (Dirichlet) processes and sampling (Gibbs Sampler) and comparing them with survival capabilities to demonstrate their efficiency using the two statistical indicators the average of the integral error boxes (IMSE) and the average absolute relative error ( MAPE), the simulation method was used to generate data using different sample sizes (n = 15, 30, 50, 100), and through the results the researcher reached the superiority of the Semiparametric Bayesian on the on Non-parametric .

Suffering the human because of pressure normal life of exposure to several types of heart disease as a result of due to different factors. Therefore, and in order to find out the case of a death whether or not, are to be modeled using binary logistic regression model
In this research used, one of the most important models of nonlinear regression models extensive use in the modeling of applications statistical, in terms of heart disease which is the binary logistic regression model. and then estimating the parameters of this model using the statistical estimation methods, another problem will be appears in estimating its parameters, as well as when the number parameters , and to find estimate the parameters using the numerical methods, sometimes does not give optimum solution because it depends on the initial estimators.
Some standard methods have been proposed and employed after modifying them by using the genetic algorithm approach in estimation to suit the estimation of the parameters of this of nonlinear regression models, and then making a comparison between two types of the important estimation methods including the standard estimation methods which included the maximum likelihood method, minimum chi-square method, and improved estimation methods developed which by the researcher which included genetic algorithm method depending on the technique estimates , genetic algorithm method depending on the technique estimates , to choose the best method of estimation by default values to estimate parameter multi-linear regression model a method ols and then convert values the real to standardized and different samples sizes during simulation and by using the statistical criteria Mean Squares Error (MSE) for estimators.
The method is found to be the best one in the first place one among the standard estimation methods, and method is the best among the important estimation methods for the purpose of estimating the parameters for binary logistic regression model because it has less (MSE) for estimators compared to other methods.
In the practical side of this study, this model has been used for modeling the own data infected heart disease and estimating the parameters using the method, reached in it by comparing reasons for cases of occurrence death the real with reasons for cases of occurrence death for the estimated to the appropriate model in the modeling of this type of data and extraction the main cause of death is smoking and also the accuracy of the method in estimating the parameters of the model

The multiple linear regression model is an important regression model that has attracted many researchers in different fields including applied mathematics, business, medicine, and social sciences , Linear regression models involving a large number of independent variables are poorly performing due to large variation and lead to inaccurate conclusions , One of the most important problems in the regression analysis is the multicollinearity Problem, which is considered one of the most important problems that has become known to many researchers , As well as their effects on the multiple linear regression model, In addition to multicollinearity, the problem of outliers in data is one of the difficulties in constructing the regression model , Leading to adverse changes when taking linear regression as a basis for hypothesis testing .
In this paper, we present some robust methods for estimating the parameters of the multiple linear regression model, a ridge regression method for based on the LTS estimator and Liu method for based on the LTS estimator, Using the simulation, these two methods were compared according to the mean squares error (MSE) , The comparison showed that the Liu-LTS method is the best in estimating the parameters of the multiple linear regression model.

The aim of the research is to measure the efficiency of the companies in the industrial sector listed in the Iraqi Stock Exchange , by directing these companies to their resources (inputs) towards achieving the greatest possible returns (outputs) or reduce those resources while maintaining the level of returns to achieve the efficiency of these companies, therefore, in order to achieve the objectives of the research, it was used (Demerjian.et.al) model to measure the efficiency of companies and the factors influencing them. The researchers had got a number of conclusions , in which the most important of them is that 66.6% of the companies in the research sample do not possess relatively high efficiency and that the combined factors (the natural logarithm of total assets , and the natural logarithm for the age of company, And the market share of the company) have a significant impact only on three companies of the research sample , In contrast the rest of the companies no effect is the most prominent feature of the relevant results, which requires urging these companies to attract executives and individuals working with outstanding abilities and the use of modern technologies With the establishment of a healthy environment that encourages managers and individuals to work as well as the adoption of advanced training programs aimed at developing their abilities, which contributes to raising the efficiency of the company for optimal use of available resources.

The research aim to measure the impact of the Industry specialization of the auditors on the quality in audit in Iraqi auditing firms, as well as measuring the factors of Industry specialization in the Iraqi audit companies by measuring the market shares of Iraqi audit firms that audit the companies listed on the Iraqi Stock Exchange For 2010 to 2016, by surveying the opinions of (35) Audit firm on the impact of the Industry specialization of auditing firms in audit quality factors, The effect of the variables was revealed through the use of the survey form Distributed to Iraqi audit companies, The industry specialization of auditing companies was measured by calculating the market share using the information contained in the financial statements published by the Iraqi Stock Exchange for the period from 2010 to 2016 and using the correlation coefficient to analyze the results of the survey. After testing the hypothesis of the research, a set of conclusions was reached, were represented as the auditors in the Iraqi audit firms his Industry specialization, As well as the impact of the Industry specialization of the auditor on audit quality on the Iraqi audit firms, The Industry specialization leads to an increase in the audit quality process through the discovery of the fundamental errors resulting from fraud or errors, which leads to maintaining the confidence of the financial community in the audit profession, The researchers recommend the need for legislative and regulatory bodies in Iraq to emphasize the importance of Industry specialization and the need to exercise auditors for Industry specialization during the implementation of the audit process, which leads to increased quality audit.

The aim of the research is to clarify the requirements of the qualification of the external auditor in Iraq and the extent of their impact on the quality of the professional performance of the audit process. The research was based on analyzing the results of the questionnaire prepared for the impact of qualifications on the quality of professional performance. The researcher has reached a number of conclusions, the most important of which is that a highly qualified and unethical auditor has a greater negative impact on the quality of professional performance than those with low qualifications. The most important recommendations of the research were the need to pay attention to scientific and vocational rehabilitation, especially the auditing of modern systems that require special skills, because it has an effective effect in improving professional competence through modern sources and techniques, and the latest versions of international professional organizations in teaching and keeping abreast of the curricula of modern developments in the profession and the adoption of subjects Which are taught at international institutes and assisted by professors with practical experience.

The aim of this study is to achieve the best distinguishing function of the variables which have common characteristics to distinguish between the groups in order to identify the situation of the governorates that suffer from the problem of deprivation. This allows the parties concerned and the regulatory authorities to intervene to take corrective measures. The main indicators of the deprivation index included (education, health, infrastructure, housing, protection) were based on 2010 data available in the Central Bureau of Statistics.