Diyala Journal for Veterinary Sciences

Background: Cases of canine parvovirus have increased in the last few years in Iraq.
Aims: to identify clinical, haematological changes in dogs infected with canine parvovirus
Material and Methods: A total of 50 dogs of various ages, sexes, and breeds were clinically investigated from December- February2021. Sterile swabs were used for collection of fecal samples. CPV using a commercially available quick CPV antigen detection test kit.
Results: Only 40 dogs were infected with CPV, which is clinically exhibited by enteric form lethargy, weight loss, lack of appetite, diarrhea, and develops to cause blood-tinged or bloody diarrhea, foul-smelling vomiting, and intractable fluidy diarrhea. Hematological analysis of the samples with neutropenia, lymphopenia, and monocytopenia revealed statistically significant declines (P 0.05) in the RBCs, Hb, PCV, MCV, MCH, MCHC, and WBCC. Anomalies in erythrocyte morphology included leptocytes, echinocytes, schistocytes, hypochromia, anisocytosis, and poikilocytosis. Infection with CPV more commonly among males (81.5%) than female (78.3%). CPV infection more commonly in younger ages a dog. There is a correlation between infection rates and breeds of dogs, with German shepherds and Terriers having higher infection rates (88.2% and 85.0%, respectively) than other breeds (57.1%).
Conclusions: CPV infect younger age, male dogs with significant hematological changes

Aims: The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of midazolam, xylazine and Ketamine as balance general anesthetic procedure in donkeys.
Methods: Six adult of local breed donkeys were used in current study. The animals were injected via jugular vein with midazolam 0.1 mg/kg of B.W., as premedication and after five minutes of midazolam administration, animals were injected intravenously with xylazine HCl 2% 1.1 mg / Kg of B.W and ketamine 2.2mg/Kg B.W respectively. Physiologic parameters were estimated in zero time as control and in 10, 20, 40, 75 and 120 minutes were including: respiratory rate with heart rate also body temperature was measured in zero time and in 40, 75 and 120 minutes and blood samples were collected at zero, 60, 120 and 180 minutes after anesthesia for findings hematological changes.
Results: A mild decrease in rectal body temperature at 40, 75 minutes after anesthesia with significant difference and increased respiratory rate with substantial difference at 10 and decrease at 20, 40 minutes with significant difference and no significant difference at 75, 120 minutes after anesthesia . The heart rate revealed no significant differences after 10 minute and zero time but show significant difference between zero time and 75, 120 minutes. Hematological tests revealed slight variation with no significant changes in RBCs, WBC, HB and PCV, only WBCs after 180 minute showed a mild significant decrease compared to control values.
Conclusion: the general anesthesia produced by this procedure was effective and had no impact on the physiological parameters in donkeys. It can be applied to this species for both induction and maintenance anesthesia.

Aims: to detect the influence of melatonin implants during different season on sexual behavior and testosterone concentrations in Awassi rams.
Methods: Fifteen adult Awassi rams were divided in to two groups randomly ,control group and treated group (melatonin implants 54 mg). Each ram was given a twenty-minute test period to assess its sexual behavior. In order to determine the levels of testosterone, blood samples from rams were taken every month during the experiment.
Results: In every season, the control group's reaction time values were considerably high significant ( P 0.05) than the treated group. In the spring, the amount of ejaculated in the treatment group was substantially higher (P 0.05) than in the control group. In the summer, the treated group's testosterone levels were considerably (P 0.05) greater than the control group.
Conclusions: Treatment with melatonin implants improved the sexual behavior and testosterone level of Awassi rams during different season

Aims: to determine the location, shape and boundaries, in addition to the histological structures of some endocrine organs in the Peacock such as: Thyroid, Parathyroid and adrenal gland by absolute eyes and light microscope and leads to establish a definite description of these glands.
Methods: ten adult healthy Peacock birds were taken and divided into two groups: anatomical and histological
Results : Anatomically Peacock had a pair of symmetrical thyroid glands of spherical shape, dark red or reddish–brown color, lie at the end of neck parallel to trachea, in between jugular vein and common carotid artery. Peacock also had a pair of parathyroid glands, symmetrically location, each had cranial and caudal part, which were seen slightly separated from each other on the right side, while they were adhered to each other forming a single gland on the left side, while the adrenal glands appeared paired small structures positioned inside the celome on two sides of the median line beside the cranial poles of kidneys with a color ranged from yellowish to reddish-yellow. Histologically, thyroid parenchyma consisted of spherical follicles, and according to epithelial type, shape and colloid's nature inside them, follicles categorized into very active, in-active and active follicles. Parathyroid parenchyma comprised irregular anastomosing and branching cords composed of one type of cells the faintly stained chief cells. Adrenal parenchyma showed cortex intermingled with medulla and divided into two zones, peripheral and central.

Background: Chicken meat is widely used by humans all over the world. Frozen chicken (meats) are produced at meat processing plants as well as at home and has been identified as the main cause of food-borne Salmonellosis.
Aims: The aim of this study was to examine the major food-borne pathogen Salmonella spp. from frozen chicken meat samples of local and imported chickens obtained from the different local markets in Diyala Province/Iraq. Eighty samples were taken from a local market to detect Salmonella spp. forty frozen samples of local chicken meat and 40 frozen samples of imported chicken meat were used in this study
Results: Primary samples were cultured and placed in peptone water. Using traditional microbiological procedures, colonies were discovered. salmonella spp. was found at higher rates in meat samples from the local market. The identification rate of Salmonella spp. were 7.5% and 17.5% of imported frozen chicken meat and local frozen chicken meat, respectively.
Conclusions: hygienic standards of local frozen chicken meat is critical as Salmonella spp was higher in local frozen chicken meat compared with imported meat

Aims: The functional morphology of the hind limb muscles has received less study than the functional morphology of their appendicular skeletons. This study explores the differences identified in these two groups accurately and simply by providing a complete description and comparative morphometric analysis of the hind leg muscles in wild and domesticated rabbits.
Methods: In this investigation, five adult male wild rabbits and five adult male domesticated rabbits, were employed.
Results: The study finds significant morphometric diversity among these rabbits other than size, although the sample size is too small and inadequate to determine if this reflects significant interspecific changes in hind leg muscles. Most conspicuously, anatomical and metric data show that the overall weight, length, and width of gluteal muscles in wild rabbits were larger than those in domesticated rabbits. The study also showed that the weight, length, and width of wild rabbits' biceps femoris and semitendinosus muscles were bigger than those of domesticated rabbits. Furthermore, the length and width of semimembranous muscle in domesticated rabbits were shown to be greater than in wild rabbits. The length of the quadratus femoris in wild rabbits, however, was less than in domesticated rabbits. The sartorius muscle parameters, on the other hand, appear to be the same as those of the other muscles in this study. Conclusions: These findings have substantial implications for individual positioning behavior theories and show that bigger samples and more comprehensive muscle series are required to increase our comprehension of these variations.

Orf, Ecthyma disease a zoonotic disease with a highly infectious viral skin disease that affects sheep, goats, and a few other domestic and wild grazing animals, as well as humans. It manifests as painful skin lesions that frequently appear on the mouth and muzzle. The disease is found all over the world and can strike at any time of year, but it is most commonly recorded in the spring and summer, mostly among lambs and kids. Contagious ecthyma virus, Orf virus , Contagious pustular dermatitis, painful mouth, sore mouth and scabby mouth. The sheep species that are most frequently impacted by contagious ecthyma virus are lambs and adults that have not had a vaccination. Mortality is uncommon, but severe morbidity is common, with significant economic losses often linked to aspiration pneumonia or following bacterial or parasitic diseases. In this review focus on the Contiguous Ecthyma (Orf ) Disease and immune response

Aims: to determine pathological changes of systemic bacterial infections with respiratory signs involvement in layer hens.
Methods: Sixty sample of internal viscera (liver, lung, kidney, trachea, ovary, oviduct) 10 sample for each of them, belong to layer chickens were collected aseptically from different flocks suffering from respiratory signs, nervous signs, diarrhea, depression, reluctant move-ment and ruffled feathers.
Results:
High rate of bacterial infection reported in liver, (43.48%), in which S. aureus recovered from (26.08%), E. coli (13.04%) then, Klebsiella (4.35%). The second affected organ was the ovary (21.74%), in which S. aureus represent (8.7%), E. coli (4.35%)then, Klebsiella (8.7%). Kidney involvement represent (17.39%), in which S. aureus recovered from (8.7%), E. coli (4.35%)then, Klebsiella (4. 35%).Infection of Oviduct was reported as forth level, (8.7%), in which S. aureus represent (4.35%) followed by E. coli(4.35%).Lung and trachea located at the fifth level according to the rate of infection, (4.35%) for each one , both of them were infected with S.aureus .
S. aureus develop resistant to 3out of 5 antimicrobial agent used which represent 60% ,which mean that the multidrug resistant trait bearing S. aureus was present in 60% of isolates for third generation cephalosporins ,Cefixime 5mcg, second generation of quinolone antibiot-ics on the other hand S. aureus was sensitive to Doripenem 10μg and Tetracycline30mcg.On the other hand E.coli and Klebsiella develop resistant to 3out of 5 antimicrobial agent used which represent 60% ,which mean that the multidrug resistant trait bearing E.coli was present in 60% of isolates for third generation cephalosporins ,Cefixime 5mcg, second generation of quinolone antibiotics as well as for Doripenem.
Histopathological examination for liver revealed slight dilatation of sinusoid with obvious dis-persed apoptotic cells scattered associated with congestion for blood vessels. Degenerative changes for renal tubules as well as interstitial chronic inflammatory cells infiltration which is typical pathology for pyelonephritis. The ovary shows different level of follicles develop-ment and typical pathology for serous cyst adenoma formation. Luteal cysts with haemor-rhages and typical appearance of histiocytes laden with iron formation also reported.
Conclusion: Liver was the main target for infection followed by ovary. S. aureus was the prominent agent followed by E. coli. S. aureus and E. coli have multidrug resistant trait for antibiotics commonly used in poultry medicine. The pathological changes range from apoptot-ic changes in liver, to degenerative changes of renal tubules and typical pathology for pyelo-nephritis in kidney. While in the ovary typical pathology was the formation of serous cyst ad-enoma.

Background: Food putrefaction is a critical topic strongly influencing the global require to counteract food instability. Despite the costly use little temperatures, correct preservation for not old dairy yields is constantly endangered on various phases of manufacturing and commercialization via psychotrophic bacteria mostly according to the genus Pseudomonas
Aims: To investigate pseudomonas contamination of milk and dairy products
Methods: Sixty samples were collected randomly from Diyala province,10 sample for each product. Samples were cultivated to attain non -fermented bacteria on MacConkey agar, and were then tested using the oxidase reagent for confirmation .After that, a sensitivity test was conducted using antibiotic disk to determine their susceptibility .
Results : The maximum percentage of isolate was 80% gained from raw milk, 40 % obtained from soft cheese then 20% from each pasteurized milk and salt cheese ,whereas all cream sample not displayed any contamination with pseudomonas . The highest Antimicrobial activity was (30.5 mm)for Meropenem ,(20.5 mm ) for Amikacin ,(18mm)for Gentamycin ,finally 8mm for Erythromycin .
Conclusion : The high prevalence of P. aeruginosa was located in raw milk. 2-The highest sensitivity was against Meropenem while the less sensitivity was against Erythromycin. presence of heat stable enzymes produced by Pseudomonas spp., that effect on milk and its products like bad odor, bitter taste, and also affect texture represent another source of contamination additionally to presence viable cells of Pseudomonas spp. . Contamination of milk with prevalence psychrotrophic microbial contamination post pasteurization is consider a latent difficult.