Diyala Journal for Veterinary Sciences

Aims: isolation of bacterial pathogens from ear, nose and mouth of domestic rabbits with antimicrobial activity of pomegranate peel, Melia azedarach and, lantana cammra.
Methods: bacterial pathogens were isolated from ear, nose and mouth of (18)domestic rabbits by standard microbiological procedures .Antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extract for Pomegranate Peel, Melia Azedarach stem, Lantana Cammra flower and fruits were tested by agar diffusion method
Results:
“Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Bacillus, and E. coli” were the most prevalent isolates. The strongest inhibitory effects were the ethanol extracts of pomegranate peel and L. cammara leaves.
Conclusion: from ear, nose and mouth of domestic rabbits represent a major source for pathogenic bacteria of zoonotic importance. Pomegranate peel and L. cammara leaves can be used as alternative antimicrobial agents for eradication of the “Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Bacillus, and E. coli”

Acrylonitrile (ACN) is an aliphatic nitrile product which is extensively used in various synthetic chemical industries. ACN is known to exert toxic actions to human beings and experimental animals. The present study was designed to examine the ability of Resveratrol to protect testicular tissue from the toxic effects of ACN in adult albino rats. Groups of rats were submitted to daily oral administration of ACN for 90 days at a dose level of 40 mg/kg b.w., while other group submitted to daily co-administration of resveratrol in a dose 20 mg/kg b.w. with ACN 40 mg/kg b.w.. The results showed significant reduce in the levels of serum Testosterone (T), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) in ACN group which indicates injury of the testicular tissue characterized by atrophy of seminiferous tubules, depletion and degeneration of germ cells and spermatocytes, while the interstitial tissue showed edema, congestion of blood vessel and cluster of Leydig cells with irregular pyknotic nuclei and separation of seminiferous tubules germinal layers from the basement membrane. Resveratrol reduce the effects of ACN and enhanced sex hormone production T, FSH and LH and enhanced the histopathological changes characterized by atrophied seminiferous tubules, mild absence of spermatid and sperm stages, edema and congestion of blood vessel of interstitial tissue.In conclusion, ACN cause severe testicular damage indicated by sex hormone production and histopathology, while resveratrol improve hormone production and reduce pathological effects of resveratrol.

The virus of the genus Avipox virus, which is a member of the subfamily chordopoxvirinae in the family poxviridae, is the source of the viral disease known as avian pox, which can infect both domestic and wild birds. The two diseases that were seen were diphtheritic and cutaneous. The cutaneous form is distinguished by skin sores on the portions of the bird without feathers. The development of fibronecrotic, proliferative lesions on the mucous membranes of the respiratory and digestive systems distinguishes the diphtheritic form. This study's goal is to look into the pigeons' and chickens' histology avian pox lesions.From October 2022 to March 2023, the current study was carried out at Diyala University's College of Veterinary Medicine. Twenty tissue samples of pigeons (Columba livia domestica) and chicken (Gallus gallus) from Diyala Governorate's affected vents, eyes, wings, cere, and base of the beak were collected and processed for a histological analysis. The results showed that papules, pustules, or scabs made up the majority of the skin lesions in pigeons. However, in other instances, both single and many nodular growths as well as growths that resembled cauliflower were seen. The bird's eyes, beak, legs, vent, and toes all have these lesions. However, the head and combs were the most common locations for skin lesions in hens. The virus clearly altered the epidermal tissue of pigeon and chicken cutaneous lesions, as evidenced by the hyperplasia of stratified squamous cells with acanthosis and the severe inflammatory exudate containing heterophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes. The stratified squamous epithelium was found to be in a ballooning degeneration stage. The epithelial cells were puffy, round, and scattered widely. Massive eosinophilic inclusions, or Bollinger bodies, were seen in the cytoplasm of hyperplastic epithelial cells, as well as vacuolation, which was constantly present and recognized as ring-shaped eosinophilic intra-cytoplasmic inclusions. It was concluded that the avian pox virus resulted in distinct pathological alterations in the cutaneous areas, specifically affecting the epidermal tissues in pigeons and chickens.

Background: Fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS) is a metabolic condition occurring worldwide in caged layers and causes significant losses to the egg industry.
Aims: to determine the main pathological, metabolic and performance changes in layers affected by fatty liver haemorrhagic syndrome.
Methods: The present study includes a (300) laying hens at the age fifty-three weeks from six farms suffering from the fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome. changes in body weight, feed intake, feed conversion rate was determined. blood samples were taken from brachial vein to determine albumin, globulin, total protein, albumin/ globulin, blood urea nitrogen, cholesterol, calcium, glucose, phosphorus. alt, alp, creatinine and creatine kinase. Full postmortem examination was performed and histopathological examination for liver sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin.
Results: Positive significant correlation was reported between body weight gain and feed intake (R= 0.703, P value = 0.000). Positive significant correlation was reported between body weight gain and feed conversion rate (R= 0.850, P value = 0.000). Positive significant correlation was reported between body weight gain and liver lesion score (R= 0.524, P value = 0.000). Significant difference was reported between hens with FLHS and normal hens regarding the values of albumin (P value = 0.000), albumin/ globulin (P value = 0.0018), globulin (P value = 0.009533), total protein (P value = 0.0000). Significant difference was reported between hens with FLHS and normal hens regarding the values of alkaline phosphatase (P value = 0.0000), No significant difference was reported between hens with FLHS and normal hens regarding the values of ALT (P value = 0.57339). Significant difference was reported between hens with FLHS and normal hens regarding the values of creatinine (P value = 0.00003421), creatine kinase (P value = 0.0000). Significant difference was reported between hens with FLHS and normal hens regarding the values of blood urea nitrogen (P value = 0.0015), cholesterol (P value = 0.00000), calcium (P value = 0.0000), phosphorus (P value = 0.000034), glucose (P value = 0.0000). Necropsy findings reveals abdomen filled with large blood spots with hepatomegaly and fat deposition. Liver usually friable and presented with yellow, pale or putty colors. Histopathological necrosis for hepatic cords with moderate dilation and congestion of sinusoidal together with wide hemorrhages.
Conclusions: FLHS induced mainly with consumption of high energy diet causing serious negative effects on liver function as well as most vital metabolic biomarkers in laying hens

Rotavirus (RV) is one of more important viruses of small ruminant are one of the major causes of productivity losses. The study was done to Determine the prevalence of RV in sheep at different regions in Baquba city. This study was designed in order to detect the infection with Rotavirus.
The study was carried out in Diyala province. The objectives of this study included serological detection of rotavirus antigen in feces of sheep clinically presented with diarrhea. This study was extended from October / 2021 to February / 2022. . Serological detection of rotavirus antibodies for sheep is done by using ELISA technique. The age of animals was range from one month up to 6 months. They were collected from different farms and veterinary clinics in Baquba city.
All forty five samples that collected were tested in the laboratory of microbiology in the college of veterinary medicine – university of Diyala. The results were showed that were 16 samples out of the 45 were infected with Rotavirus, while 29 samples out of the 45 samples were negative, this indicates that the infection appeared in the animals of Baquba city due to a lack of vaccination.

This study includes main morphological features such as, the shape of glands, location and dimensions. These features to provide data for the medical and surgical science. In the anatomical structures that appear similar in laboratory animals, but are different in some histological features, in domestic animals, the thyroid gland is encased in a thin or thick capsule of dense, irregular connective tissue. The follicular cells have different shapes depending on the gland\'s functional ability both during maturation and in response to external influences. In addition. The thyroid gland demonstrated a seasonal change in the amount of colloidal matter and the height of the follicular cells. The follicles are huge and the follicular cells are flattened while the gland is dormant, but they are tiny when it is active due to the abundance of colloid. In the thyroid gland of different species, the parafollicular cells are not generally distributed diffusely throughout the gland but tend to be concentrated in the central part of each lobe and are not present in the isthmus.

The goal of current study to study the antioxidant effect of curcumin on biochemical, hematological parameters and histopathological effect on liver and kidney in male local rabbits. Twenty local male rabbits were used and divided randomly and equally into four groups, each groups with fife rabbits. The first group injected with normal saline for two weeks. The second group given curcumin powder 50 mg/kg dissolved on corn oil by stomach tube daily for two weeks. Third group give tramadol tablets 200mg/kg one dose daily for two weeks and the four groups give curcumin followed by tramadol one dose for two weeks. The biochemical result showed no obvious difference between control group and second group, Group three showed increase in AST,ALT and ALP but these value return to normal in four group, total protein and albumin relatively normal in first ,second and four group while in third group showed decrease in value of it. The hematological parameters showed no difference of WBC in third group while the RBC and hemoglobin decrease in third group which treated with tramadol only, Platelets showed normal value in first, second group but decrease in third group . The histopathological study in liver showed normal histological section in first and second group, third group showed congestion of central portal vein, hepatocytic degeneration and congestion of sinosoids. In kidney the first, second group showed normal appearance of kidney structures but in the third group when used tramadol , the kidney showed enlarged hepatic vein, fibrosis and congestion of glumeruli. The used of curcumin before tramadol lead to decrease the histopathological lesion in both liver and kidney