Turath AL-Hillah

Discourse constitutes an important element of linguistic production, and speech is the largest basis in the process of communication between individuals for the purpose of reporting and understanding. This research is a contribution to revealing the most important basics of semantic discourse according to Fakhr Al-Muhaqiqin in his book (Idah Al-Fawa'id).
It was conducted on two main topics: the first was in the basics of discourse and semantic phenomena, and the other was in general basics in discourse. The research has shown that Fakhr Al-Muhaqiqin has relied in his discourse on a set of semantic bases, for he has that the use of truth is more informative than others in the process of understanding, as well as that the principle in speech is that it is not synonymous, and that it relies on the presumption when inferring one of the two meanings of the common, and other than that. Mentioned in the search body.

The scholars of the Imamiyyah continued to preserve the doctrine of truth in all its affairs, from the control of hadiths and narrations transmitted from the Ahl al-Bayt, which include what Muslims need in the matter of their religion of beliefs and others, especially what includes jurisprudential rulings on what is permissible and forbidden, which is known as the science of jurisprudence, and it is a science that relies on Verbal and logical evidenceIt is in pursuit and development with time, and this is what distinguishes jurisprudence from among all human sciences and knowledge. To be a lesson for those who are late, that the opinions of the ancient jurists do not lose their scientific value, no matter how long it takes and after the era, so the more the jurisprudence was the oldest in time, his jurisprudential opinion had a higher value The old jurisprudential opinion is not obsolete, but rather it is what the late jurisprudence needs to derive the legal ruling. Perhaps the jurist’s understanding of the text of the Sharia is supported by it, and the jurist may rely on a group of old opinions that necessitate conjecture, or definitively by the rule of the infallible. From the point of benefiting from the views of the ancients.
Al-allamah Al-Hilli was one of those who spent his life studying, following up, teaching, learning and writing, until he had his own school, which is called the Moving School, which spread the thought of Ahl al-Bayt not only in Iraq but also in Islamic countries, and it is true that he is called Al-allamah. And that Fakhr Al-Muhaqiqin is no less important than his father, as he is the learned scholar, and he is the imam of deduction in his era. . Sheikh Abu Talib Fakhr Al-Muhaqqiqin, who died in the year (771 AH), Ibn al-Allama al-Hilli, has many important jurisprudential effects in this field, as he was the first to explain the problems of the rules, as if he clarified the way for those who were late on it.
This is an attempt to revive part of the jurisprudential heritage of this scholar, so I studied the book (Idah Al-Fawa’id alaa sharh Al-qawaeid) by Fakhr Al-Muhaqqiqin.
I hope that this study will be at a level befitting the study of the effort of two scholars of the nation in their books, which represent an important source of cultural and jurisprudential thought, and in the hope that it will add another dimension to understanding the originality of the effort of these two scholars, and how to deal with it, and benefit from it towards renewal to solve the problems it faces. Muslims in our present time, and to develop solutions for what will come of developments, and it is only an effort that we hope will be followed by efforts at a level that will supplement the Islamic library and fill the void.
The research depended on presentation, then processing, and producing results, and the choice fell on the book of Jihad, due to the urgent need to present and study it within the Qur’anic verses. in scientific treatment.
And as I have presented, the research chose jihad due to the fierce attacks that our country is exposed to by global arrogance to strike this believing country, and from the various aggressions of disbelief, so the research will be an explanation of the hidden matters that the great jurists have dealt with, and they did not leave even the slightest scratch, as the Islamic law has no void in it It dealt with the subtleties of matters and the circumstances of the issues.

This research came to uncover the linguistic principles of Fakhr Al-Muhaqiqin (d. 771 AH) in the shadow of his book (Nihayat al-Ma’moul fi Sharh Mabadi Al-Usul), and we limited ourselves to the topic of the situation in this book, especially the study of the relationship between the word and the meaning, and the semantic relationships that emerge from it, such as (the truth and metaphor), (the common verbal), (the general and the specific) and others.
It is worth noting that the elucidation of these semantic relationships in light of this topic (the situation) according to Fakhr Al-Muhaqiqin has made from the book (Nihayat al-Ma’moul fi Sharh Mabadi Al-Usul) the true compass and the fertile ground for it, bearing in mind that this book is considered the pinnacle of fundamentalist maturity in the Hilla school in particular and the Arab-Islamic culture in general. Especially since Fakhr
Al-Muhaqiqin is of the scholars of the eighth century A.H.
And after examining the most important semantic relationships in this book, we developed a research plan, and it came in an introduction, a preface, and three topics. The preface was limited to talking about Fakhr Al-Muhaqiqin and his book (Nihayat al-Ma’moul) briefly. The first topic talked about the relationship of pronunciation and meaning in light of the study of the origin of languages and the definition of discourse. The second topic was devoted to talking about truth and metaphor, while the third topic talked about the verbal common, and the fourth was limited to talking about generality and specificity, and the research ended with a conclusion in which we showed the most important results

Abstract
Praise be to Allah who bestowed upon us his honest and trustworthy Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and his pure household (peace be upon them), and prayers and peace be upon the best of his creation and the most honorable of his creation, the chosen imams of guidance and the arks of salvation, Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them), and after:
The rhetoric of persuasion is the starting point of Arabic rhetoric and its effective feature, as it emanated from Greek philosophy and controversy And it granted the saying authority and sanctity, and it is also the source of the rebirth of modern rhetoric after long ages in which the interest of rhetoric was confined to the image, ornament and stylistic improvements until it became a “reductive” rhetoric according to Gerard Genet or “dead” according to Roland Barthes.
Between the ancient birth and the modern revival, an Arab Islamic movement emerges, in which the rhetoric of persuasion formed an embodiment of the atmosphere of mental maturity and doctrinal conflict, which relied on an applied ethnoscience: the science of speech.
The discourse of theology as a genre of argumentation imposes a method of interaction and debate between different groups and individuals, which constitutes a culture of human alternative dialogue to violence and extremism, because the rhetoric of persuasion represents the epistemological answer to difference and the rejection of the cries of division and exclusion. The foregoing was a reason for us to choose an applied work in the book (Tahseel Al -Najat fi Usul Al-Din) for a jurist from the Imamiyyah, who is referred to as having high zeal and activity in the rational and literal sciences, and he is: Fakhr Al-Muhaqiqin Muhammad ibn Al-Hasan ibn Al-Mutahhar Al-Hilli (d. 771 A.H).
In a pivotal doctrinal issue in the Arab-Islamic culture, which represents the fourth principle of the fundamentals of religion that he mentioned in his book, namely: the Imamate.
In this research, we were confined to Imam Ali (peace be upon him), and his Imamate, and in light of that, the research titeled (Imamate of Commander of the Faithful, Ali bin Abi Talib, peace be upon him, in the book “Tahsil al-Najat fi Usul al-Din” by Fakhr Al-Muhaqiqin (d. 771 A.H), a study in rhetoric of persuasion).
The research was divided into an introduction and two axes. The first: The theoretical framework, which was divided into three paragraphsThe first: the author’s translation, the second theology, the third: The Book of Tahsil al-Najat fi Usul al-Din, Then the second axis: the applied framework: in which the procedural steps of the research were represented by the statement of eloquence of persuasion through non-artificial evidence and proofs that were embodied in several paragraphs, the first: the Holy Qur’an, the second: the honorable hadith of the Prophet agreed upon by both parties, the third: the reasons for revelation, the fourth: Mental Evidence, Fifth: Evidence and Historical Facts. The research was concluded with a conclusion that presented the most important findings, and then established the sources and references.

 

bstract
The city of Hilla represented the intellectual leadership of the Imami school of thought for more than three centuries in the medieval Islamic era, during which many scholars became famous, but a group of those scholars had the forefront and leadership, among them Fakhr Al-Muhaqiqin Muhammad bin Al-Allama Al-Hilli, and what made his name brighter is that he was a student of his father Allamah Al-Hilli, who paid special attention to him until he attained the rank of ijtihad at an early age, and became a destination for both religious and non-literate students of knowledge. And his father had given him enough space for prominence and intellectual brilliance, as he accompanied his father on most of his scientific trips, and he used to move with him until he had a share and a great scientific effort in the moveable school that moved from one place to another accompanying the army of the Mughal Sultan Muhammad Khodabandeh.
Fakhr Al-Muhaqiqin granted his students scientific licenses in Different cities, during the days of his father and after his death, and the multiple cities in which his students granted their possessions indicate his frequent travels and travels, in Iraqi and non-Iraqi cities. The names of students who gained knowledge from him clearly indicate his scientific genius, and the influx of them from near and far regions is only evidence of that.
The follower of the biographies of men finds that Fakhr
Al-Muhaqiqin is students from Hilla and elsewhere, Iraqis and non-Iraqis who studied on him inside or outside Hilla.Those books that were translated for his students mentioned the extent of his influence on them scientifically and the characteristic of humility that characterized him. This feature is inferred by his selection of words of respect and appreciation to his students who shared that and praised what he presented to them.

If we contemplate the written texts, whether they are poetic or prose, or discourses of different intellectual contents, we find that they are based on rules governed by methods and linking methods, and this can only be achieved with good reflection and linking. What distinguishes human texts and discourses is that they are texts composed and built from different texts, unlike the religious text, which is the origin of all texts, due to its unique rulings and clarification of the Almighty’s words. (Alif, Lam, Ra. [This is] a Book whose verses are perfected and then presented in detail from [one who is] Wise and Acquainted) (Surat Hud, verse 1), the word and its meaning, and the details it contained in the rulings between command and prohibition, falsehood and truth, and what is permissible and what is forbidden.
Based on the divine miracle in the vocabulary of the Qur’anic discourse, the interest of many scholars of interpretation, jurisprudence, and fundamentals of jurisprudence came, without forgetting the linguists. In the meaning of the religious text, and understanding its contexts, and this can only be achieved under specific conditions and foundations. To reach the meaning and purpose of the legislator, and then to reach a correct legal ruling.
We have chosen the book (Nihayat al-Ma’moul fi Sharh Mabadi Al-Usul); Because it contains deep rules in what is called in modern studies (pragmatic linguistics), through which we will address the issue of meaning, and from them we will try to explain and extract the most important foundations adopted by the author of the blog; To reach the deduction of valid legal rulings.
Hence, the following problems can be raised:
• What is meant by the philosophy of meaning?
• What is the difference between text and discourse?
• What are the issues addressed by the issue of meaning according to the pragmatic study through this blog?

In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. Praise be to Allah, Lord of the worlds, and prayers and peace be upon the most honorable of the prophets and messengers, Muhammad and his pure family.
We continue to explain the fundamentalist opinion according to Fakhr Al-Muhaqiqin, Muhammad bin Al-Hassan bin Yusuf Al-Hilli (d. 771 A.H), and the most important fundamentalist rules that he applied in deriving the legal ruling. Here we draw attention to an important point, which is the lack of access to a manuscript or a printed book that expresses his fundamentalist opinion.
I examined as much as possible, and I did not find a manuscript from his books, so the research relied on his printed books of jurisprudence, in which he applied some fundamental rules and expresses what he said in the science of jurisprudence.
And the fundamentalist buildings he has in jurisprudence, and we offer a very simple and brief example.
The search is organized into two issues:
The first requirement: His fundamental efforts or his writings in the science of assets.
The second requirement: The application of the fundamentalist rule in the science of jurisprudence.

It was customary for our early scholars to expand in the discussion of the Imamate because it represented a point of separation between the Imamiyyah and other doctrines Our scholars, may Allah Almighty be pleased with them, have tried to prove the Imamate in various ways, and among these scholars, the pride of the investigators stands out as the most important scholar of our distinguished scholars in expanding on this distinct topic, and the Imamate has been proven by the text.
This is what all Imamiyyah scholars agreed with, and with the miracle that the early scholars agreed with, but he expanded on the narration of miracles, which according to him indicate the sincerity of the claim, and among them is the confirmation of the imams’ leadership by describing a miracle as a witness to the sincerity of the claim of this position, and these miracles have been proven by transmitted, witnessed, or witnessed succession. Which he transmits with his chain of transmission, may Allah Almighty be pleased with him, and on this basis, the focus of the research was.

This research studied the rational and certain evidence to prove religious beliefs in the book (Miraj al-Yaqin), by Fakhr
Al-Muhaqiqin, as it mentioned Islamic explanations and arguments and repelled all suspicions, by organizing and deriving Islamic knowledge and religious doctrinal concepts through the use of Quranic and Islamic texts, and then employing them in mental reasoning to prove these Religious beliefs and their justification by following Islamic approaches and religious approaches Fakhr Al-Muhaqiqin relied on the rational and textual approach, so he was able to draw inferential approaches to the concept and obligation of the Imamate with a statement of all Islamic opinions that agree and disagree, and with a descriptive, analytical and interpretive approach between the necessity of the Imamate and the obligation of the Imam’s infallibility by the text and frequent transmission from the Prophet and his family (peace be upon them), then he used it as evidence to prove the Imamate. In Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them) without other people of their time.
The study was based on the use of the comparative and interpretive historical approach to the contemporary theological point of view of the doctrinal concepts contained in the commentaries of Fakhr Al-Muhaqiqin, taking into account their connection to the historical event, as well as the use of the unity of the subject in the interpretation of the explanations of Fakhr Al-Muhaqiqin to the texts of his Father.