Al-Fatih journal

The current research aims to identify OCD among students of the third and second stage morning studies in the Department of Education Arabic Language Faculty of Basic Education / Salaheddine University, and to see if there are statistical function differences from OCD according to the gender variable (male) - Females, a sample of third and second stage students in the Arabic language department consisted of (50) students of 24 students and (26) students from the research community, the researcher used the obsessive scale Compulsive ally prepared from Ghamdi (2011) which includes (16) paragraphs per paragraph (5) alternatives are (always, often, sometimes, rarely, very rarely) and the honesty and stability of the tool was extracted and thus became ready for application, and after collecting and analyzing the data and using the next test for one sample to learn the ideas of obsessive compulsive disorder the researcher has reached the following results:
1- There is a level of ideas and behaviors that are equal among the students of the research sample, albeit to a fairly moderate degree.
2. There are ideas and obsessions among males in a large way.
3. OCD ideas are more pronounced in females than their male peers.
4- There is no statistically significant difference in the political ideas between males and females.
The researcher came up with a set of conclusions in the light of the research findings, and made a set of recommendations as well as a number of proposals.

The aim of the current research is to identify active open-minded thinking among university students. To achieve the objectives of the research, the two researchers built a psychological escape scale according to (Brown, 1988) theory, and after verifying the validity and reliability of the scale, the scale was applied to a sample of (400) students from Diyala University and they were chosen by the method The proportional random method, and after statistically processing the data, it was found that university students have psychological escape and that there are no statistically significant differences in psychological escape according to gender. In light of the results of the current research, the research came out with a number of

It still needs new strategies that help all students learn according to their scientific levels, so the researchers decided to use the reciprocal method, which is a method of teaching and learning at the same time, where students participate with the teacher in activities and depend on the student and the teacher to make the educational process easier and easier.
The research community was represented by the students of the fourth preparatory grade in the education of Baghdad, Karkh, third / Ministry of Education. The sample of the research was represented by the students of the fourth preparatory grade in Al-Nasr High School for girls, and by designing two experimental and control groups. Tests were conducted on the sample and the number of units was (12) educational units, by (2 units) per week Skill (6) educational units, where the application of the units begins on 11/22/2021 and ends on 1/25/2022, and the work was in all educational departments and post tests were conducted to know the level of learning of the students and the results of the research were significant because of the reciprocal method. The results indicated that the reciprocal teaching method is effective in the students’ learning of basic skills, and the researchers recommend to the necessity of diversity by using other methods in the learning process and for different activities. Others, and the need to use skill exercises in a reciprocal method to develop agility and skills not used in training. Football search.

The aim of the current research is to identify:
Thought control strategies among university students. In order to achieve the objectives of the research, the scale of (thought control strategies) was adopted, which had been prepared according to the theory of (Daniel Wegner, 1987) and the definition of (Wells & Davies, 1994), which consists of (30) items. The face validity and construction validity were verified, and the reliability was verified by re-testing, as the reliability coefficient of the distraction strategy was (0.84). The social control strategy (0.85), the anxiety strategy (0.74), the punishment strategy (0.81) and the re-evaluation strategy (0.86). However, the reliability coefficient based on Alpha Cronbach method for the distraction strategy (0.86). The social control strategy (0.88), the anxiety strategy (0.78), the punishment strategy (0.85) and the re-evaluation strategy (0.87). Then the scale was applied to the basic research sample consisting of (400) male and female students from University of Diyala . The research sample was tested in a stratified random manner with a proportional distribution. In light of these results, the current research came out with a number of recommendations and suggestions.

The present study aims at knowing school management state in reality according to quality assurance standards and the ways to develop it in Baghdad and Erbil intermediate schools from their administrative viewpoints. To achieve this, an analytical descriptive method was applied. The study tool was a questionnaire given to (185) administer during the second semester of the academic year (2021-2022).
The study achieved many conclusions and the most important ones are that there are standards of the quality assurance in school administrations at the local education in Baghdad and Erbil intermediate schools. Also, there an opportunity to develop the administrative skills throughout trainings by following the best modern techniques. There were statistical differences between the moderate answers of the sample of the study about the availability of the quality assurance standards of those administers of the local schools in Baghdad and Erbil. These differences are related to the scientific certificate, years of experience, and the trainings attended at.
Furthermore, the researcher recommended to hold workshops aims at applying the effective educational leadership practices. It is also recommended to exchange the modern international experiences within the administrative field. Finally, there is need to do studies that show if there are quality assurance standards in other administrative schools at different levels.

The research aims to verify the effect of the research-based learning strategy on analytical thinking in science for second year middle school students
In order to achieve the goal of the research, the following hypothesis was formulated:
1- There is no statistically significant difference at the level (0.05) between the mean scores
The students of the experimental group who study according to the research-based learning strategy and the scores of the students of the control group who study according to the method
Ordinary analytical thinking test.
The research was applied to second-grade intermediate students who were intentionally selected
From Motosa (-) of the General Directorate of Diyala Education for the academic year 2021-2022, the research sample consisted of (48) students, with (24) students for the experimental group and (24) students for the control group.
The two research groups were rewarded with the following variables:
1. Chronological age.
2. Test the previous information.
3. Analytical thinking test.
The search tool consisted of:
1- Analytical thinking: The researcher adopted the analytical thinking skills test, which is a test (Abu Riash, 2005) that included (16) paragraphs, which was presented to a group of experts to verify its validity and make some adjustments to suit the Iraqi environment. valid in its final form,
The researcher adopted the following statistical methods:.
T-test for two equal samples, the difficulty coefficient equation, the discrimination force equation, the efficacy equation for wrong alternatives, the Kewder-Richardson -20 equation, the Alpha-Krumbach equation.
After correcting the answers and processing the data statistically using the statistical bag for social sciences spss, the results showed:..
1. There is a statistically significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the analytical thinking test variable in favor of the experimental group.
In light of these results, the researcher concluded that the adoption of research-based learning strategies had a significant and positive impact on the analytical thinking of second year intermediate students, and accordingly a set of recommendations and proposals were reached, the most important of which are: Adopting research-based learning strategies in science teaching, and suggesting the use of these strategies in other educational stages.

The lack of interest in the tests of the psychological aspect and their effect on the physical abilities of the players during the implementation period. For this reason most of the coaches do not know the level of their players in this regard and whether these programs are moving in the direction that achieves the drawn goals. The research sample included players from the Diyala Youth and Sports Directorate in futsal soccer ( Al-Shabaab) and the adult (24) players were selected in a deliberate manner and the sample represented a percentage (62.5%) of the original population (26) players representing the Diyala Youth and Sports Directorate team in indoor soccer (Al-Shabab) and divided into two experimental and control groups by lottery From (12). The use of the selected exercises within the training program has a positive effect on the development of mental endurance and the performance of some basic soccer skills for the group.

The current research aims to identify the degree to which teachers of life sciences departments at the University of Diyala possess the competencies of blended education in the light of some variables by answering the following questions:
1) What is the extent to which teachers in the departments of Biology at the University of Diyala possess competencies of blended learning.
2) What is the level of blended learning competencies of teachers in the departments of Biology in the sub-items of each field.
3) What are the statistical differences of the extent to which teachers in the departments of Biology possess competencies of blended learning due to the variables of (experience, academic level).
For the sake of achieving the aims of the study, the researchers have set a questionnaire of the competencies of blended learning for teachers in the departments of Biology, which included (45) items that are distributed over four areas. Furthermore, the psychometric characteristics of validity and reliability were figured out. The community of this study was limited to teachers in the departments of Biology during the academic year (2021-2022). Moreover, the sample of the study comprised (70) male and female teachers of biology. After processing the data statistically, the results yielded the following:
1) Teachers in the departments of Biology competencies of blended learning to a high degree in some fields.
2) There are statistically significant differences in the level of blended learning competencies due to the variables of (gender, academic qualification, training courses, years of service, academic rank).
Consequently, the researchers presented number of recommendations and suggestions.

The current research aims to identify:
1 - The need for knowledge among literary fourth-grade female students.
2- The correlative relationship between the need for knowledge and the achievement of literary fourth-grade female students in the subject of history.
The research population consists of (928) literary fourth-grade female students for the academic year 2021-2022 in Baqubah district. In order to achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher adopted the descriptive (relational) approach as a research methodology for her study. The researcher prepared the need for knowledge scale, consisting of (30) items and she identified five alternatives for the scale (always, often, sometimes, rarely, never) and the weights of these alternatives (5, 4, 3 , 2, 1). The psychometric properties of the scale were extracted. To complete that, the tools were applied to the basic research sample of (269) female students from the research population mentioned above. Then the data has been analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences (spss) and the results were as follows:
1- The literary fourth grade students have a need for knowledge.
2- There is a statistically significant correlation between the need for knowledge and achievement in the subject of history.
In light of the research results, the researcher presented a number of conclusions, recommendations and suggestions.

The current research aims to identify:
1- The methods of superficial and deep learning among students of the Department of History at the College of Education for Humanities at the University of Diyala.
2- Academic skills among students of the History Department at the College of Education for Humanities at the University of Diyala.
3- The correlation between the superficial and deep learning methods and the academic skills of the students of the Department of History at the College of Education for Humanities, University of Diyala.
To achieve the objectives of the current research, the researcher adopted the descriptive (relational) approach to her study. The research community consisted of (613)male and female students and the research sample consisted of (236) male and female students from the Department of History in the College of Education for Humanities , University of Diyala for morning study and its four stages for the academic year (2021-2022). To collect the study data, the researcher, in the first tool of the study, built a scale for the superficial and deep learning methods according to the Marton and Salgo model.
In its final form, the scale consisted of (20) items divided into two types of methods, and five alternatives were identified for the scale (always, often, sometimes, rarely, very rarely) and the weights of these alternatives (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) for the items that came in a negative direction, As for the positive trend (5, 4, 3, 2, 1), the highest score for the scale is (100) and the lowest score is (20). As for the second tool, the researcher adopted the academic skills scale prepared by (Al-Taie, 2018), and it consists of (64) items distributed over (8) domains. All items came in the positive direction, and five alternatives were assigned to the scale (always, often, sometimes, rarely, very rarely), the weights of these alternatives (5, 4, 3, 2, 1), the highest score for the scale (320) and the lowest score (64). The researcher extracted the psychometric characteristics of the scale from the face validity and construction validity, as well as extracted the reliability by the Cronbach Alpha method and its discriminatory power. (SPSS) and the results were as follows:
1- It turns out that the students of the Department of History in the College of Education for Humanities at Diyala University have the method of deep learning.
2- The researcher concluded that university students have academic skills.
3- The researcher concluded that there is an inverse relationship between the superficial learning style and academic skills and the existence of a positive direct correlation in the deep learning style and academic skills, the lower the superficial learning style, the academic skills become lower, and the higher the deep learning style is , the higher the academic skills are.
This result supports the positive correlation found in the current study.
1- Learning outcomes in educational colleges require their possession of thinking skills, analysis, evaluation, interpretation and application, and this is reflected positively on their possession of the deep learning method that the current study has reached.
2- The research sample members have a weakness in the superficial learning method due to the requirements of the College of Education in accordance with the courses that require them to have higher thinking skills such as analysis and evaluation, in addition to the superficial learning method that requires only memorization and remembering, as it represents the lowest level of learning.
Through what the current research has brought, and for the purpose of further documenting the relationship between superficial-deep learning methods and academic skills, the researcher recommends the following:
1- Curriculum designers' interest in the necessity of including history curricula for learning methods and academic skills in Iraqi universities.
2- The necessity of taking into account deep learning and its development of students by the teachers by following modern teaching strategies and methods.
To complement the relevant aspects of this research, the researcher suggests conducting similar studies for the current study, which include:
1- Identifying the relationship between the superficial and deep learning methods and academic skills at different stages of study: primary, intermediate and secondary.
2- Studying the relationship of the superficial and deep learning methods with other variables (such as the level of ambition, self-learning and self-skill efficiency).

The current research aims to identify the assessment of the psychological consequences resulting from the delay in submitting educational services for students with learning disabilities from their teachers’ point of view. The descriptive analytical approach was used. The two researchers used a questionnaire as a tool to collect data. The research sample consisted of (83) teachers who teach students with learning disabilities. The results indicated a high level of assessment to the psychological consequences resulting from the delay in submitting educational services for students with learning disabilities. The first dimension which resulted from (the delay in providing services for the classroom environment) got an average of (4.19) with a high degree, and the second dimension that resulted from (the delay in getting services for resource room) got an average of (4.18) with a high degree, and the third dimension that resulted from (the delay in providing educational methods and means) got an average of (4.14) with a high degree. The fourth dimension resulted from (the delay in providing supportive services for the learning disabilities program) got an average of (4.22) with a high degree. The results showed that there were no statistically significant differences (α = 0.05) due to the consequence of gender, years of experience and educational qualification in all dimensions and the total degree.

The current study was conducted to find out the effect of using the cooperative learning strategy in developing technical skills for middle school students for the academic year 2021-2022. The researcher used the experimental research method and the design of a single group with a pre and post test. The purpose of reaching the results of the research, he formulated the following hypothesis: - There are no statistically significant differences at the level (5%) between the average scores of the research group in the pre and post tests in skill performance according to the test requirements skilled.
The research group consisted of middle school students (first, second, third) average. Their number reached (325) students and after the exclusion of some of them because of the previous experience of some of them and the absence of some of them. Their total became (290) students. The researcher intentionally chose a sample of (125) students. Their achievement was measured through paragraphs specific to the skill aspect and its development, and the stability of the paragraphs was measured by evaluating several experts and finding the stability coefficient between their correction. The pre and post test is a positive indicator towards the use of the cooperative learning strategy in art education lessons for the purpose of developing the technical skills of the students

1- Research abstract: The aim of the research is to identify:
Mental fitness of teachers of people with disabilities.
2- Significance of differences in mental fitness of teachers of people with disabilities according to the gender variable (males, females)
3- Social persuasion of teachers with disabilities.
4- Significance of differences in social persuasion of teachers of people with disabilities according to the gender variable (males, females).
5-The correlation between mental fitness and social persuasion of teachers of people with disabilities.
The research sample consisted of (140) male and female teachers in special education who were chosen in a simple random way.
The two researchers prepared a mental fitness scale that consists of (27) items, the scale consists of two alternatives (A) and (B), where one of the two alternatives is correct, and the researchers gave a score for each alternative (1) for the correct answer and (0) for the incorrect answer, the highest score The respondent gets it (27), the lowest score is (0), and the hypothetical average is (13).
The scale of social persuasion in its final form consists of (24) items, and it consists of two fields: the first field is self-persuasion consists of (10) items, the second field of social persuasion consists of (14) items. Where five alternatives were placed in front of each item of the scale, the items indicating social persuasion were taken by arranging the weights of the alternatives from (5-1), as it gave (5) degrees to the alternative (it always applies to me), a degree of (4) to the alternative (it often applies to me), a degree of (3) to the alternative that (applies to me sometimes), a degree of (2) to the alternative (Applies to me rarely), and a degree of (1) for the alternative (never applies to me) for positive items, and its opposite for negative items, so the highest degree that the respondent can get is (110), and the lowest degree that the student can get (22), and the hypothetical average (66).
The results showed that:
1- The research sample of special education teachers have a high level of mental fitness.
2- There are no differences in the mental fitness of special education teachers according to the gender variable (males, females).
3- The special education teachers have a high level of social persuasion.
4-There is a difference in social persuasion of special education teachers according to the gender variable and in favor of males.
5- There is a direct, statistically significant correlation between mental fitness and social persuasion.
The researchers came up with a number of recommendations and suggestions.
The researchers came up with some recommendations and suggestions.

The boredom at the workplace is an interesting subject that is widespread among employees. The previous studies have revealed that boredom is an emotional disorder and is related to many variables. In contrast, personality traits play a vital role in human behaviors and contribute in determining a person’s attitude. The present study’s aim is to find out the correlation between boredom and the Big five personality traits related to health. The study recruited a sample of 466 employees (231, 49.4%) male and (235, 50.6%) female, with age ranging between 23 to 61 years, an average of 38.63 and a standard division of 8.84. Two scales were used to achieve the study’s aim: - the 8 items scale of boredom at the workplace (Struk et al. 2015), and 20 items of Big personality traits related to health HP5i (Gustavsson et al., 2003) that consists of five subscales; - Impulsivity, Antagonism, Hedonic capacity, Negative affectivity, and Alexithymia, 4 items each. The study results showed that the sample has boredom with significant t-test (one sample) without any differences between males and females in boredom. Furthermore, the study found there were significant correlations between boredom and the five personality traits. The study recommends matching between personality traits and job characteristics, and need more research in boredom and factors related to the workplace.

This study aimed to know (the effect of the six hats strategy on the expressive performance of the second grade intermediate students). To achieve the goal of the research, the following null hypothesis was developed:
1- “There is no statistically significant difference at the level (0.05) between the average scores of the experimental group.
students who studied the 2-The written expression by using six hats strategy and the average scores of the control group who studied written expression in the traditional way.
3-The number of the expressive performance tests was (60) students expressive performance test with (30) students in the experimental (30) students in the control group. Six expressive topics and
4-The researcher used the sixth topic for the purpose of the pre-test and formulated the behavioral goals, which amounted to (55) goals, depending on the goals General Fifth. The content of the topics that will be studied in the experiment, and presented to a group of experts and arbitrators which will reach in its final form to (41) a behavioral goal.
The researcher used the following statistical methods: the T test, the chi-square (Ca2), and the Pearson correlation coefficient. The researcher reached the following result: The students of the experimental group who studied written expression with the six hats strategy outperformed the students of the control group who studied written expression in the traditional way.

The study aims to examine the impact of Daniel model as a teaching method on the students' progress in computer science and how it helps to retain the learned information. The researcher adopts the partial justification as an experimental methodology. The sample includes two experimental groups of students from the Department of Primary School Teacher that's consisting of 55 students (male and female) and a third control group consisting of 51 students (male and female). The study includes a test of cognitive achievement in computer science, through which the researcher presents the psychometric characteristics including honesty, consistency, uniqueness , and the ability to use alternatives. The results show that the experimental group outweighs the control group, as the t-test value is 7.707, which is greater than the tabular value of 1.98, with a degree of freedom 104 and a level of significance 0.05. The results in the learning impact variable show that the value of the t-test is 0.352, which is less than the tabular value. Meaning that, there are no statistically significant differences between the post-test and the result after two weeks. Correlation factor between the post-test and the postponed one ends with the Pearson correlation value of 35%.
There is a positive correlation between the application of the test in the two times. The researcher recommendates the application of Daniel model as a teaching method for its effectiveness, planned lessons, and the focus on the roles of the student in the classroom. It is suggested that other studies may examine Daniel's model in relation to other subjects to find out its effect on variables. It is also recommended that a descriptive study can be conducted to examine teachers' involvement in the steps of the model.

The research aims to identify "the effectiveness of the role-playing strategy in the achievement of the fifth grade students in dictation subject". The researcher followed the experimental research approach, adopting the experimental design with two experimental and control groups. She chose a representative sample for her research, which included (30) male and female students, and distributed them into two groups, which included the experimental (15) male and female students. The control group included (15) male and female students as well, and rewarded them in the variables of the first semester grades and intelligence test scores. Determining the scientific material, preparing educational plans, and preparing dictated passages to the students. Then, she chose the correction criteria, and chose (30) notebooks from the students’ notebooks who wrote in a specific piece of spelling to test the stability of the correction criteria. The researcher found that the stability of the correction is high and acceptable. After the end of the experiment period, the researcher collected the scores of the research sample students from their notebooks and extracted the arithmetic average of their scores in the spelling blocks. Then she tested the research hypothesis by using the t-test. It became clear that the students of the experimental group were superior to the students of the control group, as the calculated t-value was greater than the tabular t-value. After that, the researcher concluded a number of conclusions and a number of other connections according to the results of the research by conducting studies which is similar to the current research to confirm the effectiveness of the role-playing strategy in dictation in other stages of study and other branches of the Arabic language.

The study’s goal is to know the influence of teaching on activities supported with patterns of multiple intelligences in reading comprehension among intermediate school students in the topic of reading.
The research sample was (67) students, with (33) students for the experimental group by studying the subject of reading based on the activities of multiple intelligences, which is represented by Section (B), and (34) students for the control group that studies the same subject according to the normal method, which is represented by section (A).
The researcher has prepared a reading comprehension test consisting of (40) items that being distributed over four questions, the first question / the type of the multiple test , the second question/ type of order, and the third and fourth questions / the supplement type. After the extraction of apparent reliability, it has been applied to a survey sample to measure the level of difficulty and the effectiveness of the wrong alternatives, then finding its consistency, and then the test has been applied to its final form to the research sample’ after it being treated statistically by using T-test , the result has been indicated as follows:
There are statistically significant differences at the level (0.05) in favor of the experimental group in the post-test of reading comprehension.

The Current research aims to identify (The impact of Problem-Solving Method on Developing Psychological Stability in Preparatory School Students). To achieve the aim of the research and test its hypothesis, he has used the experimental approach (experimental group and a control group with a pre -post-test). The research sample consisted of (20) preparatory school students who were intentionally selected, and randomly distributed to two groups (experimental, and control), and by (10) students in each group, and parity was made for the two groups in some variables.
To achieve the aim of the research, the psychological stability scale prepared by Al-Zubaidi, 2012 was adopted, and the scale consists of (42) items and its authenticity was verified by presenting it to a group of experts and extracting validity in the method of retesting. The researcher also built and applied the guidance sessions in the method of solving problems with the vision strategy, which was the orientation method may consist of (12) orientation sessions and (two sessions) per week at the time of one session (40) minutes. The results showed that the mentoring method had an impact on the development of psychological stability among middle school students. Considering the results of the research, the researchers developed several recommendations and suggestions.
Recommendations:
1- Benefit from the guidance method prepared by the researcher, by the mentors, teachers in their schools, to develop psychological stability among students.
2- Encouraging educational counselors to hold seminars to raise the level of psychological stability among students.
Suggestions:
1- Conduct the same guidance method on other samples (girls, orphaned students, orphanages).
2- Conducting studies dealing with psychological stability with some other variables (level of ambition, psychological compatibility, .........)

The traditional method of teaching the English language has been seen monotonous as current generation thus forces educators to incorporate and integrate many activities which allow for more exposure to teaching and learning as it involves the use of the work in groups or pairs and using games inside the classroom also use technology and the internet to encourage the students. This study investigated students’ preferred activities for learning the English language. The study showed that the variety of activities in the teaching and learning process significantly improved the students’ performance. That gives students the ability to make a good improvement in their proficiency in using the English language; also they interested more in the teaching and the learning process and kept focus on the class. This study concluded that the activities play an important role in learning the English language, as most students prefer to use them while learning English as a foreign language. Among the activities, they preferred work with groups consisting of two-person inside the classroom, doing some plays in English, and they preferred doing short dialogues with their classmates inside the class.

English language is widely used all over the world .Today, it works as connecting languages with others .It is considered the best medium to communicate with people in any human society .Thus, English language is better to be taught to learners in an effective way in order to interact by using this language.Teaching English language is a continuous process which needs many changes from time to time due to the rapid developments and changes in needs of societies.
English language has become a basic part of any educational program in many schools and institutions concerning language learning .Many studies state that there is an urgent need to present new trends dealing with language learning and teaching.
This study is an attempt to examine the existing reasons that emphasized on the problems of language learning and teaching and look for the new trends that play a positive role in TEFL.
The new methods insist that the learner is the center of learning while the teacher is in the background as a facilitator or helper .To change the view of English language teachers towards the new trends in language learning and teaching, different strategies and styles of learning are presented in EFL classroom for different levels and subject areas.
This study aims at:-
1.Exploring the main challenges in language learning and teaching related to teachers and learners.
2.Presenting the new trends , ready to use-techniques and activities in language learning.
The study is limited to the new trends in language learning at the primary stage as it is the basic level of language learning .Certain suggestions and recommendations are presented according to the results of the study.